scholarly journals Wide-field optical mapping of neural activity and brain haemodynamics: considerations and novel approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1705) ◽  
pp. 20150360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ma ◽  
Mohammed A. Shaik ◽  
Sharon H. Kim ◽  
Mariel G. Kozberg ◽  
David N. Thibodeaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Mapping ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy

Although modern techniques such as two-photon microscopy can now provide cellular-level three-dimensional imaging of the intact living brain, the speed and fields of view of these techniques remain limited. Conversely, two-dimensional wide-field optical mapping (WFOM), a simpler technique that uses a camera to observe large areas of the exposed cortex under visible light, can detect changes in both neural activity and haemodynamics at very high speeds. Although WFOM may not provide single-neuron or capillary-level resolution, it is an attractive and accessible approach to imaging large areas of the brain in awake, behaving mammals at speeds fast enough to observe widespread neural firing events, as well as their dynamic coupling to haemodynamics. Although such wide-field optical imaging techniques have a long history, the advent of genetically encoded fluorophores that can report neural activity with high sensitivity, as well as modern technologies such as light emitting diodes and sensitive and high-speed digital cameras have driven renewed interest in WFOM. To facilitate the wider adoption and standardization of WFOM approaches for neuroscience and neurovascular coupling research, we provide here an overview of the basic principles of WFOM, considerations for implementation of wide-field fluorescence imaging of neural activity, spectroscopic analysis and interpretation of results. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Interpreting BOLD: a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuroscience’.

scholarly journals Fast Objective Coupled Planar Illumination Microscopy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Greer ◽  
Timothy E. Holy
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Image Sharing ◽  
Scanning Rate ◽  
Fast Light

Among optical imaging techniques light sheet fluorescence microscopy stands out as one of the most attractive for capturing high-speed biological dynamics unfolding in three dimensions. The technique is potentially millions of times faster than point-scanning techniques such as two-photon microscopy. However current-generation light sheet microscopes are limited by volume scanning rate and/or camera frame rate. We present speed-optimized Objective Coupled Planar Illumination (OCPI) microscopy, a fast light sheet technique that avoids compromising image quality or photon efficiency. We increase volume scanning rate to 40 Hz for volumes up to 700 µm thick and introduce Multi-Camera Image Sharing (MCIS), a technique to scale imaging rate by parallelizing acquisition across cameras. Finally, we demonstrate fast calcium imaging of the larval zebrafish brain and find a heartbeat-induced artifact that can be removed by filtering when the imaging rate exceeds 15 Hz. These advances extend the reach of fluorescence microscopy for monitoring fast processes in large volumes.

scholarly journals Retinal correlates of neurological disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204062231988220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Yap ◽  
Shiama I. Balendra ◽  
Melanie T. Almonte ◽  
M. Francesca Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Optical Media ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Considering the retina as an extension of the brain provides a platform from which to study diseases of the nervous system. Taking advantage of the clear optical media of the eye and ever-increasing resolution of modern imaging techniques, retinal morphology can now be visualized at a cellular level in vivo. This has provided a multitude of possible biomarkers and investigative surrogates that may be used to identify, monitor and study diseases until now limited to the brain. In many neurodegenerative conditions, early diagnosis is often very challenging due to the lack of tests with high sensitivity and specificity, but, once made, opens the door to patients accessing the correct treatment that can potentially improve functional outcomes. Using retinal biomarkers in vivo as an additional diagnostic tool may help overcome the need for invasive tests and histological specimens, and offers the opportunity to longitudinally monitor individuals over time. This review aims to summarise retinal biomarkers associated with a range of neurological conditions including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and prion diseases from a clinical perspective. By comparing their similarities and differences according to primary pathological processes, we hope to show how retinal correlates can aid clinical decisions, and accelerate the study of this rapidly developing area of research.

Analysis of Firing Patterns in Single Neurons

Science ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 131 (3416) ◽  
pp. 1811-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Gerstein
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Digital Computer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Stimulus Response

The use of a high-speed digital computer for investigation of neural firing patterns is described. The high sensitivity of the method permits detection of stimulus-response relations buried in a background of spontaneous activity.

Electrically tunable lenses – eliminating mechanical axial movements during high-speed 3D live imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoforos Efstathiou ◽  
Viji M. Draviam
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Liquid Lenses ◽  
Live Cell Microscopy ◽  
Tunable Lenses ◽  
Cell Microscopy

ABSTRACT The successful investigation of photosensitive and dynamic biological events, such as those in a proliferating tissue or a dividing cell, requires non-intervening high-speed imaging techniques. Electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) are liquid lenses possessing shape-changing capabilities that enable rapid axial shifts of the focal plane, in turn achieving acquisition speeds within the millisecond regime. These human-eye-inspired liquid lenses can enable fast focusing and have been applied in a variety of cell biology studies. Here, we review the history, opportunities and challenges underpinning the use of cost-effective high-speed ETLs. Although other, more expensive solutions for three-dimensional imaging in the millisecond regime are available, ETLs continue to be a powerful, yet inexpensive, contender for live-cell microscopy.

scholarly journals Recording Neural Activity in Unrestrained Animals with Three-Dimensional Tracking Two-Photon Microscopy

Cell Reports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1383.e10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doycho Karagyozov ◽  
Mirna Mihovilovic Skanata ◽  
Amanda Lesar ◽  
Marc Gershow
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Two Photon

scholarly journals Fast objective coupled planar illumination microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody J. Greer ◽  
Timothy E. Holy
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Fast Light

Abstract Among optical imaging techniques light sheet fluorescence microscopy is one of the most attractive for capturing high-speed biological dynamics unfolding in three dimensions. The technique is potentially millions of times faster than point-scanning techniques such as two-photon microscopy. However light sheet microscopes are limited by volume scanning rate and/or camera speed. We present speed-optimized Objective Coupled Planar Illumination (OCPI) microscopy, a fast light sheet technique that avoids compromising image quality or photon efficiency. Our fast scan system supports 40 Hz imaging of 700 μm-thick volumes if camera speed is sufficient. We also address the camera speed limitation by introducing Distributed Planar Imaging (DPI), a scaleable technique that parallelizes image acquisition across cameras. Finally, we demonstrate fast calcium imaging of the larval zebrafish brain and find a heartbeat-induced artifact, removable when the imaging rate exceeds 15 Hz. These advances extend the reach of fluorescence microscopy for monitoring fast processes in large volumes.

scholarly journals High speed rotary system for catheter based 3-D imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Acquisition Rate

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an addition to the other tomographic imaging techniques of x-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound imaging. OCT uses optical reflections of biological tissues as opposed to x-rays, RF fields, and sound waves to obtain images. A rotary and pullback system has been developed for use with OCT. The system was developed to facilitate the three dimensional imaging of various lumens in humans and animals. The system is capable of rotating at a rate of 200 Hz. At this rate the rotary system will allow for a frame acquisition rate of 200 fps which is significantly higher than the highest published acquisition rate to date of 108 fps. The probes used with the system were modeled after the Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) miniature torque cable design. The probes can be sealed and sterilized between subjects without being damaged; unlike the single use IVUS probes. The rotary system was used to image the outer ear of a mouse in vivo. A lateral slice from the resulting three dimensional image was compared to the general histology of a mouse ear. The image compared well to the general anatomy as found on the histology.

High-Speed, High-Resolution 3D Imaging Using Projector Defocusing

2011 ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Song Zhang ◽  
Yuanzheng Gong
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Digital Fringe Projection ◽  
System Nonlinearity ◽  
Projection Techniques ◽  
Fringe Patterns ◽  
3D Scene

With the advance of software and hardware, three-dimensional (3D) scene digitization becomes increasingly important. Over the years, numerous 3D imaging techniques have been developed. Among these techniques, the methods based on analyzing sinusoidal structured (fringe) patterns stand out due to their achievable speed and resolution. With the development of digital video display technologies, digital fringe projection techniques emerge as a mainstream for 3D imaging. However, developing such a system is not easy especially when an off-the-shelf projector is used. The major challenging problems are: (1) the projection system nonlinearity; (2) the precise synchronization requirement; and (3) the projection system speed limit. This chapter will present an alternative route for 3D imaging while reducing these problems. The fundamentals of the proposed technique will be introduced, the analytical and experimental results will be shown, and its advantages and limitations will be addressed.

Wide-field optical mapping of neural activity in awake mice and the importance of hemodynamic correction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ma ◽  
David N. Thibodeaux ◽  
Mohammed A. Shaik ◽  
Sharon H. Kim ◽  
Elizabeth M. C. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Optical Mapping ◽  
Wide Field
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