Cell type-specific Expression of JC Virus T Antigen in Primary and Established Cell Lines from Transgenic Mice

Abstract The transcription factor PU.1 (also known as Spi-1) plays a critical role in the development of the myeloid lineages, and myeloid cells derived from PU.1−/− animals are blocked at the earliest stage of myeloid differentiation. Expression of the PU.1 gene is tightly regulated during normal hematopoietic development, and dysregulation of PU.1 expression can lead to erythroleukemia. However, relatively little is known about how the PU.1 gene is regulated in vivo. Here it is shown that myeloid cell type–specific expression of PU.1 in stable cell lines and transgenic animals is conferred by a 91-kilobase (kb) murine genomic DNA fragment that consists of the entire PU.1 gene (20 kb) plus approximately 35 kb of upstream and downstream sequences, respectively. To further map the important transcriptional regulatory elements, deoxyribonuclease I hypersensitive site mapping studies revealed at least 3 clusters in the PU.1 gene. A 3.5-kb fragment containing one of these deoxyribonuclease I hypersensitive sites, located −14 kb 5′ of the transcriptional start site, conferred myeloid cell type–specific expression in stably transfected cell lines, suggesting that within this region is an element important for myeloid specific expression of PU.1. Further analysis of this myeloid-specific regulatory element will provide insight into the regulation of this key transcriptional regulator and may be useful as a tool for targeting expression to the myeloid lineage.

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Development of two bone-derived cell lines from the marine teleost Sparus aurata ; evidence for extracellular matrix mineralization and cell-type-specific expression of matrix Gla protein and osteocalcin

Cell and Tissue Research ◽

10.1007/s00441-003-0830-1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 315 (3) ◽

pp. 393-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Ant�nio R. Pombinho ◽

Vincent Laiz� ◽

Duarte M. Molha ◽

Sandra M. P. Marques ◽

M. Leonor Cancela

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Matrix Gla Protein ◽

Marine Teleost ◽

Cell Type ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Matrix Mineralization ◽

Cell Type Specific Expression ◽

Cell Type Specific

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Structure, organization, and regulation of human metallothionein IF gene: differential and cell-type-specific expression in response to heavy metals and glucocorticoids.

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.6.1.26 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 26-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

U Varshney ◽

N Jahroudi ◽

R Foster ◽

L Gedamu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Regulatory Element ◽

Hepatoma Cell ◽

Cell Type ◽

Kinase Gene ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Cell Type Specific Expression ◽

Cell Type Specific ◽

Flanking Region

We describe a human genomic clone containing the metallothionein (MT) IF and MT IG genes. Southern blot analysis and partial DNA sequence determinations show that these genes are organized in a head-to-head fashion and are located approximately 7.0 kilobases apart from each other. Sequence analysis shows that the MT IF gene contains three exons separated by two introns. All of the intron-exon junctions are defined by the GT-AG rule. The 5' flanking region shows the presence of a duplicated metal regulatory element (TGCGC CCGGCCC) important in heavy-metal induction of this gene and a sequence for its basal level expression (GCGGGGCGGGTGCAAAG). The 5' flanking region is also highly G + C rich (approximately 75%) and contains several GC boxes (GGGCGG), probably important in the binding of transcription factors. The TATAA box and the AATAAA sequence are represented by their variants, the TATCAA box and the AATTAA sequence, respectively. This gene is functional and inducible by heavy metals but not by dexamethasone in mouse LMTK- cells after its transfer on a plasmid containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. Further studies on various human cell lines show that this gene is not expressed in a splenic lymphoblastoid cell line (WI-L2) but is expressed in two hepatoma cell lines (Hep 3B2 and Hep G2) in response to cadmium, zinc, and copper. Dexamethasone appears to have no significant effect on its expression. The studies suggest that the MT IF gene shows cell-type-specific expression and is differentially regulated by heavy metals and glucocorticoids.

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Eternity and functionality – rational access to physiologically relevant cell lines

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/hsz-2013-0158 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 394 (12) ◽

pp. 1637-1648 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Christoph Lipps ◽

Tobias May ◽

Hansjörg Hauser ◽

Dagmar Wirth

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cell Communication ◽

Molecular Networks ◽

Trial And Error ◽

Molecular Tools ◽

Cell Type ◽

Established Cell Lines ◽

Established Cell ◽

Cell Type Specific

Abstract In the first 50 years of cell culture, the development of new cell lines was mainly based on trial and error. Due to the understanding of the molecular networks of aging, senescence, proliferation, and adaption by mutation, the generation of new cell lines with physiologic properties has become more systematic. This endeavor has been supported by the availability of new technological achievements and increasing knowledge about the biology of cell differentiation and cell-cell communication. Here, we review some promising developments that are contributing toward this goal. These include molecular tools frequently used for the immortalization process. In addition to these broadly acting immortalization regimens, we focus on the developments of cell type-specific immortalization and on the methodologies of how to control the growth of newly established cell lines.

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