Multiple infection, recombination and genome relationships among begomovirus isolates found in cotton and other plants in Pakistan

Begomoviruses occur in many plant species in Pakistan and are associated with an epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease that has developed since 1985. PCR analysis with primer pairs specific for each of four already sequenced types of DNA-A of cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV-PK types a, 26, 72b and 804a), or for okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV), indicated that many individual naturally infected plants of cotton and other malvaceous species contained two or three begomovirus sequences. Similarly, sequence differences among overlapping fragments of begomovirus DNA-A, amplified from individual naturally infected plants, indicated much multiple infection in malvaceous and non-malvaceous species. Some cotton plants contained DNA-A sequences typical of begomoviruses from non-malvaceous species, and some non-malvaceous plants contained sequences typical of CLCuV-PK. Some DNA-A sequences were chimaeric; they each included elements typical of different types of CLCuV-PK, or of different malvaceous and/or non-malvaceous begomoviruses. Often an apparent recombination site occurred at the origin of replication. No complete CLCuV-PK DNA-A sequence was found in malvaceous or non-malvaceous species collected in Pakistan outside the area of the cotton leaf curl epidemic but chimaeric sequences, including a part that was typical of CLCuV-PK DNA-A, did occur there. We suggest that recombination among such pre-existing sequences was crucial for the emergence of CLCuV-PK. Recombination, following multiple infection, could also explain the network of relationships among many of the begomoviruses found in the Indian subcontinent, and their evolutionary divergence, as a group, from begomoviruses causing similar diseases in other geographical regions.

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Cotton leaf curl virus (leaf curl disease of cotton).

10.1079/cpc.16813.20210102471 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Judith K Brown

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Seed Transmission ◽

Growing Season ◽

The Philippines ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Leaf Curl

Abstract Leaf curl disease of cotton caused by the CLCuD-complex of begomoviruses is endemic to Pakistan and India and perhaps other nearby locales in south Asia. It has been introduced from there to China and the Philippines on ornamental plants, from where it has spread to infect cotton and okra in China. Losses are difficult to assess, but early estimates (pre-1990) range up to 20% when infection occurs early in the growing season and/or with highly susceptible cultivars. Viruliferous whiteflies on infested/infected plants harbouring CLCuD-begomoviruses imported to other cotton-growing countries, in particular, are of concern in preventing introduction under optimal circumstances. No seed transmission is known to occur.

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First Report of Papaya Leaf Curl Disease in Pakistan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.11.1333b ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (11) ◽

pp. 1333-1333 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Nadeem ◽

T. Mehmood ◽

M. Tahir ◽

S. Khalid ◽

Z. Xiong

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acids ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

First Report ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Dna Fragment ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Leaf Curl

Papaya plants with virus-disease-like symptoms were observed in back yards and commercial groves in Multan, Pakistan. Leaves of the diseased plants displayed downward curling and thickened, dark green veins. Leaf-like enations grew from the base of the diseased leaves. These symptoms are similar to those of cotton leaf curl disease. In addition, diseased papayas were stunted and distorted. Leaf extracts from 3 diseased and 2 healthy papayas were tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against antibodies to geminiviruses. SCRI-52 and SCRI-60, two monoclonal antibodies to Indian cassava mosaic virus (2), reacted positively (more than 7× healthy background) with the diseased samples but not with the healthy ones. Total nucleic acids from the papaya samples were used as templates in polymerase chain reaction with primers F500 and R1800 (1), which are capable of amplifying a region of DNA A component of the whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses. A DNA fragment of approximately 1.4 kb was amplified from the nucleic acids of the diseased but not the healthy papayas. Under high stringency conditions (1), cloned DNA A fragments of both cotton leaf curl virus and cotton leaf crumple virus cross-hybridized with the amplified DNA fragment, but the hybridization signals were much weaker than those of the homologous hybridization. This is the first report of the papaya leaf curl disease in Pakistan. These data demonstrated that a geminivirus may be the causative agent of this papaya disease. We are currently determining the relationship between the geminivirus infecting papaya and cotton leaf curl virus. References: (1) A. Nadeem et al. Mol. Plant Pathol. (On-line: /1997/0612nadeem). (2) M. M. Swanson et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 211:285, 1992.

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Identification of a New, Monopartite Begomovirus Associated with Leaf Curl Disease of Cotton in Gezira, Sudan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.7.809c ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (7) ◽

pp. 809-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. M. Idris ◽

J. K. Brown

Keyword(s):

Cotton Leaf ◽

Degenerate Primers ◽

Monopartite Begomovirus ◽

Sequence Identity ◽

Eastern Hemisphere ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Disease ◽

Begomoviral Species ◽

Leaf Curl

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) was first reported in Sudan in 1931. Disease symptoms in cotton were characterized by vein thickening and leaf curling, and the suspect causal agent was shown to be transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) among cotton, okra, and several weed species (2). Although begomovirus etiology was suspected based on symptomatology and vector transmission, no evidence was available that confirmed or disputed this hypothesis. During 1994 to 1996, four cotton samples exhibiting typical CLCuD symptoms were collected from different fields in the Gezira region in Central Sudan and examined for presence of begomovirus DNA. Total nucleic acids were isolated from cotton plants and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers (pAV 2644 and pAC 1154) to amplify begomovirus coat protein (Cp) gene and its flanking sequences (1). An amplicon of the expected size (1,300 bp) was obtained by PCR from each sample, and their nucleotide (nt) sequences were determined. Virus-specific primers designed around the Cp sequence were used to amplify an apparent full-length DNA component. Amplicons were cloned and their sequences were determined, yielding a begomoviral component of approximately 2,761 nt (AF260241). Despite exhaustive attempts to amplify a putative viral B-component using degenerate primers based on the intergenic region sequence of the putative “A-component,” or sequences that are highly conserved for other begomoviruses, no B component was detected. The four cotton isolates shared 99.9 to 100% nt sequence identity, and the number and arrangement of predicted open reading frames were similar to those known for other monopartite begomoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the putative CLCuV genome with other begomoviruses indicated that its closest relative was Althea rosea enation virus (AREV) from Egypt (AF014881) with which it shares 79% sequence identity, indicating that CLCuV is a unique begomovirus species with a probable origin in the Eastern Hemisphere. CLCuV shared 66% identity with its second closest relative, Cotton leaf curl virus-Pakistan (CLCuV-PK) (AJ002448). These data provide the first direct evidence for the association of a monopartite begomovirus with the leaf curl disease of cotton in Gezira, Sudan, that is distinct from all other begomoviral species described to date. Herein, we provisionally designate this unique begomoviral species as Cotton leaf curl virus from Sudan (CLCuV-SD). References: (1) A. M. Idris and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 88:648, 1998. (2) A. M. Nour and J. J. Nour. Emp. Cott. Gr. Rev. 41:27, 1964.

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Development of Cotton leaf curl virus resistant transgenic cotton using antisense ßC1 gene

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 358-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sayed Sartaj Sohrab ◽

Mohammad A. Kamal ◽

Abdul Ilah ◽

Azamal Husen ◽

P.S. Bhattacharya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Cotton ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

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High density cotton population in late sowing improves productivity and tolerance to cotton leaf curl virus under semi-arid subtropical conditions

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection ◽

10.1007/s41348-021-00442-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Iqbal ◽

Mueen Alam Khan ◽

Sami Ul-Allah

Keyword(s):

High Density ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Late Sowing ◽

Leaf Curl

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Exploration of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) resistance genes and their screening in Gossypium arboreum by targeting resistance gene analogues

AoB Plants ◽

10.1093/aobpla/ply067 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Rakhshanda Mushtaq ◽

Khurram Shahzad ◽

Shahid Mansoor ◽

Zahid Hussain Shah ◽

Hameed Alsamadany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Gossypium Arboreum ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

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Widespread Occurrence of Cotton leaf curl virus on Radish in Pakistan

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.7.809b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (7) ◽

pp. 809-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Mansoor ◽

S. Mukhtar ◽

M. Hussain ◽

I. Amin ◽

Y. Zafar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Full Length ◽

Cotton Leaf ◽

Degenerate Primers ◽

Nylon Membrane ◽

Punjab Province ◽

Cotton Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Kitchen Gardens ◽

Leaf Curl Virus ◽

Leaf Curl

The current epidemic of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) in Pakistan started in 1988 with the natural host range limited to a few plant species in the family Malvaceae. However, we have observed expansion in the host range of the virus, and several non-Malvaceous plants were found to be infected with the virus. Characteristic symptoms of CLCuD such as leaf curl and enations have been observed on radish plants, primarily in kitchen gardens. However, in 1999, levels of infection of 10 to 90% were observed both in commercial fields and kitchen gardens in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Both symptomatic and nonsymptomatic samples were collected from five different locations. Total DNA was isolated, dot-blotted on nylon membrane, and a full-length clone corresponding to DNA A of cotton leaf curl virus was labeled with 32P dCTP and used as a probe for the detection of a begomovirus. Strong signals were observed in symptomatic plants while no signals were observed in nonsymptomatic plants. Infection with a begomovirus was further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers for DNA A (1). Primers specific for the two distinct begomoviruses associated with CLCuD were also used in PCR reactions (2), and products of the expected size were obtained from all symptomatic samples, confirming infection with begomoviruses similar to those associated with CLCuD. A full-length probe of a nanovirus-like molecule associated with cotton leaf disease (3), called DNA 1 was labeled with 32P dCTP and detected the virus only in symptomatic plants. Similarly, primers specific for DNA 1 (3) amplified a product of expected size when used in PCR. On the basis of symptomatology and the detection of specific viral components associated with the disease, we confirmed that radish plants are infected with Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV). Since radish is a short duration crop, infection of CLCuV in radish may not serve as a direct source of infection for the next cotton crop. However, it is a potential threat to tomato crops which overlap with radish in the Punjab province. The detection of CLCuD in radish is another example of the mobilization of begomoviruses to previously unknown hosts. References: (1) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (2) S. Mansoor et al. Pak. J. Bot. 31:115, 1999. (3) Mansoor et al. Virology 259:190, 1999.

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