scholarly journals Factors determining vector competence and specificity for transmission of Tomato spotted wilt virus

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Nagata ◽  
Alice K. Inoue-Nagata ◽  
Jan van Lent ◽  
Rob Goldbach ◽  
Dick Peters
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

The competence of a Frankliniella occidentalis and a Thrips tabaci population to transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was analysed. Adults of the F. occidentalis population transmitted this virus efficiently, whereas those of the thelytokous T. tabaci population failed to transmit. TSWV replicated in the midgut of the larvae of both populations after ingestion of virus; however, lower amounts accumulated in T. tabaci larvae than in F. occidentalis larvae. The virus was almost undetectable in T. tabaci adults, whereas high titres were readily detected in the F. occidentalis adults. The first infections in F. occidentalis larvae were detected by immunocytochemical studies in midgut epithelial and subsequently in midgut muscle cells, the ligaments, and finally in the salivary glands. The infections were weaker in the midgut epithelial and muscle cells of T. tabaci larvae, followed by an almost complete absence of any infection in the ligaments, and a complete absence in the salivary glands. Studies by electron microscopy revealed the budding of some virus particles from the basal membrane of midgut epithelial cells of F. occidentalis larvae into the extracellular space of the basal labyrinth. Enveloped virus particles were also seen in midgut muscle cells of F. occidentalis larvae. They were not discerned in epithelial and muscle cells of T. tabaci larvae and adults. This study showed that the rate of virus replication in the midgut and the extent of virus migration from the midgut to the visceral muscle cells and the salivary glands are probably crucial factors in the determination of vector competence.

Some properties and thrip transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus in Canada

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Wilt Virus

A virus isolated from white clover (Trifolium repens L.), dahlia, and tomato from Ontario, dahlia from Manitoba, and tomato and dahlia from British Columbia was identified as tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Seven isolates of the virus examined had similar host reactions; four of them, investigated in detail, were similar in their localization in tomato leaf cells and physical properties also. The virus particles, 78–97 nm in diameter, were abundant in tomato leaf mesophyll cells and occurred in clusters or arrays surrounded by a membrane.The virus was purified by a method modified from a previously reported one and a specific antiserum was prepared. TSWV appears to be weakly immunogenic, as a high titer antiserum could not be obtained.At least three species of thrips, i.e. Thrips tabaci Lind., Frankliniella fusca Hinds, and F. occidentalis Perg., known as vectors of TSWV elsewhere, occur in Canada. F. fusca, which occurs in eastern Canada, efficiently transmitted all isolates of the virus. T. tabaci, a vector in several countries and widespread in Canada, failed to transmit the virus.

scholarly journals Replication of Tomato spotted wilt virus After Ingestion by Adult Thrips setosus is Restricted to Midgut Epithelial Cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ohnishi ◽  
Leandra M. Knight ◽  
Daijirou Hosokawa ◽  
Ichiro Fujisawa ◽  
Shinya Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Wilt Virus

If acquisition access feeding (AAF) is first given after adult eclosion, none of the nine thrips species able to serve as tospovirus vectors can become infective. The previous cellular investigations of this phenomenon, carried out only in Frankliniella occidentalis, suggested that infectivity was prevented because the type member of the tospoviruses, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), was unable to enter the midgut of adult thrips. The present study extends a cellular view of tospovirus—thrips interactions to a species other than the western flower thrips, F. occidentalis. Our findings show that TSWV enters and replicates within the midgut of adult Thrips setosus, but does not infect cells beyond the midgut epithelia. After AAF as adult, TSWV replicated in T. setosus midgut cells as indicated by significant increases in nucleocapsid (N) protein detected by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the presence of inclusions containing the S RNA-encoded nonstructural and N proteins revealed by microscopic observations. Electron microscopic observations of adult insects showed that no infection occurred in cells beyond the midgut epithelia, and insects subsampled from the same cohorts could not transmit TSWV. In contrast, electron microscopy observations of larval T. setosus revealed that TSWV infected the midgut and muscle cells, and adult insects developing from these cohorts had infected salivary glands and were able to transmit TSWV. Mature virions were observed only in the salivary glands of adults developing from infected larvae. Our findings suggest that the barrier to infectivity in T. setosus adults differs from that shown for F. occidentalis adults.

scholarly journals Binding of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus to a 94-kDa Thrips Protein

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Kikkert ◽  
Cor Meurs ◽  
Fennet van de Wetering ◽  
Simone Dorfmüller ◽  
Dick Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Virus Binding ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Wilt Virus

Using protein blot assays, a 94-kDa thrips protein was identified that exhibited specific binding to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) particles. Renaturation of the 94-kDa protein, which is conserved among the two major vector species of TSWV, Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci, was crucial for its virus-binding properties, whereas under the same conditions no specific binding was observed with aphid (Myzus persicae) proteins. The 94-kDa protein species was present in all developmental stages of both vectoring thrips, whereas it was present mainly in the adult stage of a nonvectoring thrips species, Parthenothrips dracenae. Using antibodies against the different TSWV structural proteins, the G2 envelope glycoprotein was identified as the viral determinant involved. Because the virus-binding protein is present throughout the thrips body, but not in the gut, it may represent a receptor protein involved during circulation of the virus through its vector but probably not during viral uptake in the midgut.

Some characteristics of the thrip vector relationship of tomato spotted wilt virus in Canada

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 402-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Frankliniella Fusca ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Relationship Of

Two isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from British Columbia were transmitted by Frankliniella occidentalis, which is common in British Columbia but does not occur in eastern Canada. Frankliniella occidentalis from B.C. transmitted the virus to a smaller proportion of Emilia plants as compared with Frankliniella fusca, a known vector that occurs in eastern Canada, after a 48-h acquisition feeding as nymphs on infected Emilia leaves. Neither isolate of the virus was transmitted by Thrips tabaci, which is a vector of TSWV in some other countries. Males and females and macropterous and brachypterous forms of F. fusca did not differ significantly in their vector ability. TSWV was detected serologically in homogenates of 50 ‘exposed' F. fusca (first-generation adults reared on newly infected plants) but was difficult to detect in homogenates prepared from these thrips 2 weeks later. Thrip transmissibility of the virus declined considerably when propagated for long periods without passage through the thrip vector.

scholarly journals Efficient RT-PCR tool for tomato spotted wilt virus detection in its vectors Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella occidentalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 341-343
Author(s):  
Z.W. ŠUBR ◽  
K.D. KIRÁLY ◽  
J. FAIL ◽  
A. ALMÁSI ◽  
K. SALÁNKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

scholarly journals Thrips tabaci (Lind.) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae), another vector for tomato spotted wilt virus in Finland

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Anne Lemmetty ◽  
Isa Lindqvist
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Primary Vector ◽  
Wilt Virus

Populations of Thrips tabaci transmitted the isolate of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) from infected china asters to healthy china asters in laboratory experiments. Great variation was observed among absorbance values between thrips infested china asters. The highest absorbance values were obtained from stems of thrips inoculated plants. According to our results, T. tabaci seems to be a noteworthy TSWV vector in Finland, where it is the only naturally occurring TSWV vector species. It is also one of the main pests on greenhouse crops in addition to Frankliniella occidentalis, the primary vector of TSWV.

scholarly journals Trips transmisores de Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) en cultivos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) para industria

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-102
Author(s):  
A. M. Vincini et al
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

En cultivos de papa de Argentina se ha difundido el virus Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), que en la naturaleza sólo se transmite entre plantas por algunas especies de trips como Frankliniella occidentalis (P.) y Thrips tabaci L. También los cultivos pueden ser infectados mediante los tubérculos-semilla contaminados. Este trabajo propuso determinar la presencia de trips en hojas e inflorescencias de la planta de papa, identificando las especies y los estados de desarrollo, durante la fenología del cultivo, como así también determinar la infección viral secundaria y primaria del cultivo. Se utilizaron dos cultivos de papa, variedades Innovator y Shepody, con un porcentaje inicial de virus TSWV del 2% y 3%, respectivamente. En cada cultivo se determinaron 10 estaciones de muestreo con 8 plantas de papa cada una, de las que semanalmente se tomó una hoja e inflorescencia. De cada planta se tomó un foliolo al inicio y todos los tubérculos al final de su ciclo, los cuales se sometieron a análisis serológico. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados estadísticamente. La papa resultó un soporte biótico adecuado para la alimentación y reproducción de F. occidentalis y T. tabaci, que en sus diferentes estados de desarrollo estuvieron sobre las plantas de papa durante el ciclo del cultivo. En ambas variedades se hallaron larvas, demostrando que un cultivo con infección viral secundaria aporta su propia fuente de inóculo. Todas las plantas que presentaron tubérculos infectados con TSWV estuvieron colonizadas por trips, especialmente F. occidentalis. No todas las plantas que presentaron infección viral secundaria de TSWV produjeron tubérculos infectados.Aceptado para publicación: 28 de julio, 2013.

scholarly journals Variation in Tomato spotted wilt virus Titer in Frankliniella occidentalis and Its Association with Frequency of Transmission

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorith Rotenberg ◽  
Nallur K. Krishna Kumar ◽  
Diane E. Ullman ◽  
Mauricio Montero-Astúa ◽  
David K. Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Adult Eclosion ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by Frankliniella occidentalis, the western flower thrips. While it is well established that vector competence depends on TSWV acquisition by young larvae and virus replication within the insect, the biological factors associated with frequency of transmission have not been well characterized. We hypothesized that the number of transmission events by a single adult thrips is determined, in part, by the amount of virus harbored (titer) by the insect. Transmission time-course experiments were conducted using a leaf disk assay to determine the efficiency and frequency of TSWV transmission following 2-day inoculation access periods (IAPs). Virus titer in individual adult thrips was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) at the end of the experiments. On average, 59% of adults transmitted the virus during the first IAP (2 to 3 days post adult-eclosion). Male thrips were more efficient at transmitting TSWV multiple times compared with female thrips of the same cohort. However, females harbored two to three times more copies of TSWV-N RNA per insect, indicating that factors other than absolute virus titer in the insect contribute to a successful transmission event. Examination of virus titer in individual insects at the end of the third IAP (7 days post adult-eclosion) revealed significant and consistent positive associations between frequency of transmission and virus titer. Our data support the hypothesis that a viruliferous thrips is more likely to transmit multiple times if it harbors a high titer of virus. This quantitative relationship provides new insights into the biological parameters that may influence the spread of TSWV by thrips.

scholarly journals Weeds in Greenhouses and Tobacco Fields Are Differentially Infected by Tomato spotted wilt virus and Infested by Its Vector Species

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Chatzivassiliou ◽  
I. Boubourakas ◽  
E. Drossos ◽  
I. Eleftherohorinos ◽  
G. Jenser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Thrips Tabaci ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Infection Index ◽  
Wilt Virus

A survey was conducted in the Macedonia region of Greece to determine the reservoir hosts of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in three tobacco fields and in a greenhouse complex in which lettuce and the ornamentals chrysanthemum, gerbera, aster, and anemone were grown. Assays for TSWV infection were made by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on 6,172 plant samples, 3,909 from tobacco fields and 2,263 from the greenhouse complex, comprising plants of 208 species in 137 genera of 42 families. Plants of 86 species out of 63 genera of 27 families were infected of which 39 species are newly reported hosts of TSWV. An infection index was developed to evaluate the relative potential of each weed species as a virus source in both systems. Seventeen species in the tobacco fields and nine in the greenhouses had an infection index higher than one. Most species with infected plants were found in the Compositae family. Plants of some species occurring both in tobacco fields and in greenhouses were infected at only one of these sites. Frankliniella occidentalis was the common thrips species on weeds and crops in the greenhouses, while Thrips tabaci was the only vector on tobacco plants and weeds in the tobacco fields. This observation strongly suggests that the occurrence of species with infected plants and their number have to be attributed to the vector species prevailing in the greenhouse complex or tobacco fields, supporting the conclusion that TSWV is spread in two different epidemiological processes in Greece.

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