Halosimplex halophilum sp. nov. and Halosimplex salinum sp. nov., isolated from saline soil and a salt mine

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan Yang ◽  
Xue-Meng Yin ◽  
Jing Hou ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Heng-Lin Cui
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Sequence Similarities

A polyphasic study was undertaken to determine the taxonomic position of two halophilic archaeal strains, TH32T and YPL4T, isolated from saline soil and a salt mine in PR China, respectively. Strains TH32T and YPL4T both have two dissimilar 16S rRNA genes. The two strains exhibited sequence similarities of 91.5–95.5 % for 16S rRNA genes and 90.9 % for the rpoB′ gene. Sequence similarities of 16S rRNA genes and the rpoB′ gene between the two strains and the current four members of Halosimplex were 90.6–97.4 % and 91.4–93.5 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two strains formed different branches separating them from the current Halosimplex members. Several phenotypic characteristics differentiate strains TH32T and YPL4T from current Halosimplex members. The polar lipids of the two strains are phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and four glycolipids. Two of the glycolipids are chromatographically identical to disulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether and sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether, respectively, and the remaining two glycolipids are unidentified. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) values between the two strains and the current members of Halosimplex (ANI 80.4–89.2 % and in silico DDH 24.0–41.8 %) were much lower than the threshold values proposed as a species boundary, suggesting that the two strains represent novel species of Halosimplex . The values between the two strains (ANI 81.3 % and in silico DDH 24.9 %) were also much lower than the recommended threshold values, which revealed that the two strains represent two genomically different species of Halosimplex . These results showed that strains TH32T (=CGMCC 1.15190T=JCM 30840T) and YPL4T (=CGMCC 1.15329T=JCM 31108T) represent two novel species of Halosimplex , for which the names Halosimplex halophilum sp. nov. and Halosimplex salinum sp. nov. are proposed.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis sp. nov., isolated from European domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) with reproductive pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 2369-2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Volokhov ◽  
Dénes Grózner ◽  
Miklós Gyuranecz ◽  
Naola Ferguson-Noel ◽  
Yamei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

In 1983, Mycoplasma sp. strain 1220 was isolated in Hungary from the phallus lymph of a gander with phallus inflammation. Between 1983 and 2017, Mycoplasma sp. 1220 was also identified and isolated from the respiratory tract, liver, ovary, testis, peritoneum and cloaca of diseased geese in several countries. Seventeen studied strains produced acid from glucose and fructose but did not hydrolyse arginine or urea, and all grew under aerobic, microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions at 35 to 37 ˚C in either SP4 or pleuropneumonia-like organism medium supplemented with glucose and serum. Colonies on agar showed a typical fried-egg appearance and transmission electron microscopy revealed a typical mycoplasma cellular morphology. Molecular characterization included analysis of the following genetic loci: 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, 16S–23S rRNA ITS, rpoB, rpoC, rpoD, uvrA, parC, topA, dnaE, fusA and pyk. The genome was sequenced for type strain 1220T. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of studied strains of Mycoplasma sp. 1220 shared 99.02–99.19 % nucleotide similarity with M. anatis strains but demonstrated ≤95.00–96.70 % nucleotide similarity to the 16S rRNA genes of other species of the genus Mycoplasma . Phylogenetic, average nucleotide and amino acid identity analyses revealed that the novel species was most closely related to Mycoplasma anatis . Based on the genetic data, we propose a novel species of the genus Mycoplasma , for which the name Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain 1220T (=ATCC BAA-2147T=NCTC 13513T=DSM 23982T). The G+C content is 26.70 mol%, genome size is 959110 bp.

Bartonella jaculi sp. nov., Bartonella callosciuri sp. nov., Bartonella pachyuromydis sp. nov. and Bartonella acomydis sp. nov., isolated from wild Rodentia

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1734-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Sato ◽  
Hidenori Kabeya ◽  
Yuta Fujinaga ◽  
Kai Inoue ◽  
Yumi Une ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Four novel strains of members of the genus Bartonella , OY2-1T, BR11-1T, FN15-2T and KS2-1T, were isolated from the blood of wild-captured greater Egyptian jerboa (Jaculus orientalis), plantain squirrel (Callosciurus notatus), fat-tailed gerbil (Pachyuromys duprasi) and golden spiny mouse (Acomys russatus). All the animals were imported to Japan as pets from Egypt, Thailand and the Netherlands. The phenotypic characterization (growth conditions, incubation periods, biochemical properties and cell morphologies), DNA G+C contents (37.4 mol% for strain OY2-1T, 35.5 mol% for strain BR11-1T, 35.7 mol% for strain FN15-2T and 37.2 mol% for strain KS2-1T), and sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA genes indicated that those strains belong to the genus Bartonella . Sequence comparisons of gltA and rpoB genes suggested that all of the strains should be classified as novel species of the genus Bartonella . In phylogenetic trees based on the concatenated sequences of five loci, including the 16S rRNA, ftsZ, gltA and rpoB genes and the ITS region, and on the concatenated deduced amino acid sequences of three housekeeping genes (ftsZ, gltA and rpoB), all strains formed distinct clades and had unique mammalian hosts that could be discriminated from other known species of the genus Bartonella . These data strongly support the hypothesis that strains OY2-1T, BR11-1T, FN15-2T and KS2-1T should be classified as representing novel species of the genus Bartonella . The names Bartonella jaculi sp. nov., Bartonella callosciuri sp. nov., Bartonella pachyuromydis sp. nov. and Bartonella acomydis sp. nov. are proposed for these novel species. Type strains of Bartonella jaculi sp. nov., Bartonella callosciuri sp. nov., Bartonella pachyuromydis sp. nov. and Bartonella acomydis sp. nov. are OY2-1T ( = JCM 17712T = KCTC 23655T), BR11-1T ( = JCM 17709T = KCTC 23909T), FN15-2T ( = JCM 17714T = KCTC 23657T) and KS2-1T ( = JCM 17706T = KCTC 23907T), respectively.

scholarly journals Halomicrococcus hydrotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a subterranean salt deposit

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4425-4431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoxing Chen ◽  
Yao Xu ◽  
Siqi Sun ◽  
Jingwen Liu ◽  
Feilong Chen
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Salt Deposit ◽  
Halophilic Archaeon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family

A halophilic archaeon, strain H22T, was isolated from a subterranean salt deposit sampled at Yunnan salt mine, PR China. Colonies of strain H22T were light pink-pigmented. Cells were coccus, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, and did not lyse in distilled water. The strain was aerobic and grew at 20–55 °C (optimum, 37 °C), in the presence of 10–30 % (w/v) NaCl (20 %) and at pH 6.5–9.0 (pH 7.0). Mg2+ was required for growth (optimum, 0.005 M). Major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and sulfated mannosyl-glucosyl-glycerol diether-1. Sequence similarity search based on the multiple 16S rRNA genes (rrnA, rrnB and rrnC) of strain H22T revealed that it was most closely related to species of the genera Haloarchaeobius , Haladaptatus , Halorussus and Halorubellus with relative low sequence similarities (91.9–93.7 %). The strain, however, shared highest rpoB′ gene sequence identities with Halorussus rarus TBN4T (90.8 % rpoB′ gene sequence similarity). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA and rpoB′ gene sequences revealed a robust lineage of the strain H22T with members of related genera of the family Halobacteriaceae . The DNA G+C content of strain H22T was 62.9 mol%. Genome-based analysis of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) between strains H22T and its closest relative were equal or lower than 77.7 and 22.4 %, respectively, which were far below the threshold for delineation of a new species. Based on ANI values, in silico DDH, and distinct morphological and physiological differences from the previously described taxa, we suggest that strain H22T represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae , for which the name Halomicrococcus hydrotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H22T (=CGMCC 1.16291T=NBRC 113231T).

scholarly journals Mucilaginibacter koreensis sp. nov., isolated from leaf mould

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_7) ◽  
pp. 2274-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol Su Park ◽  
Kyudong Han ◽  
Tae-Young Ahn
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

A Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, pale-pink pigmented bacterial strain, designated TF8T, was isolated from leaf mould in Cheonan, Republic of Korea. Its taxonomic position was determined through a polyphasic approach. Optimal growth occurred on R2A agar without NaCl supplementation, at 25–28 °C and at pH 6.0–7.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TF8T belongs to the genus Mucilaginibacter in the family Sphingobacteriaceae . The sequence similarity between 16S rRNA genes of strain TF8T and the type strains of other species of the genus Mucilaginibacter ranged from 92.1 to 94.7 %. The closest relatives of strain TF8T were Mucilaginibacter lutimaris BR-3T (94.7 %), M. soli R9-65T (94.5 %), M. litoreus BR-18T (94.5 %), M. rigui WPCB133T (94.0 %) and M. daejeonensis Jip 10T (93.8 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (33.0 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c; 24.8 %) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c; 13.0 %). The major polar lipids of TF8T were phosphatidylethanolamine and three unidentified aminophospholipids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 46.2 mol%. On the basis of the data presented here, strain TF8T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter , for which the name Mucilaginibacter koreensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TF8T ( = KACC 17468T = JCM 19323T).

scholarly journals Halomonas icarae sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from beach soil in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuppusamy Pandiyan ◽  
Prity Kushwaha ◽  
Samadhan Y. Bagul ◽  
Hillol Chakdar ◽  
Munusamy Madhaiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Type Species ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Aerobic Bacterium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium

A moderately halophilic, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterium, strain D1-1T, belonging to the genus Halomonas , was isolated from soil sampled at Pentha beach, Odisha, India. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed based on 16S rRNA genes and multilocus sequence analysis of gyrB and rpoD genes revealed that strain D1-1T belonged to the genus Halomonas and was most closely related to Halomonas alimentaria YKJ-16T (98.1 %) followed by Halomonas ventosae Al12T (97.5 %), Halomonas sediminicola CPS11T (97.5 %), Halomonas fontilapidosi 5CRT (97.4 %) and Halomonas halodenitrificans DSM 735T (97.2 %) on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Sequence identities with other species within the genus were lower than 97.0 %. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of 22.4–30 % and 79.5–85.4 % with close relatives of H. halodenitrificans DSM 735T, H . alimentaria YKJ-16T, H. ventosae Al12T and H. fontilapidosi 5CRT were lower than the threshold recommended for species delineation (70 % and 95–96 % for dDDH and ANI, respectively). Further, strain D1-1T formed yellow-coloured colonies; cells were rod-shaped, motile with optimum growth at 30 °C (range, 4–45 °C) and 2–8 % NaCl (w/v; grew up to 24 % NaCl). The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1  ω7c/C18 : 1  ω6c), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω7c/C16 : 1  ω6c) and C16 : 0 and the main respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-9 in line with description of the genus. Based on its chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics and genome uniqueness, strain D1-1T represents a novel species in the genus Halomonas , for which we propose the name Halomonas icarae sp. nov., within the family Halomonadaceae . The type strain is D1-1T (=JCM 33602T=KACC 21317T=NAIMCC-B-2254T).

Phylogenomic analysis of Anabaenopsis elenkinii (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrews Delbaje ◽  
Ana Paula D. Andreote ◽  
Thierry A. Pellegrinetti ◽  
Renata B. Cruz ◽  
Luis H. Z. Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family

The saline-alkaline lakes (soda lakes) are the habitat of the haloalkaliphilic cyanobacterium Anabaenopsis elenkinii, the type species of this genus. To obtain robust phylogeny of this type species, we have generated whole-genome sequencing of the bloom-forming Anabaenopsis elenkinii strain CCIBt3563 isolated from a Brazilian soda lake. This strain presents the typical morphology of A. elenkinii with short and curved trichomes with apical heterocytes established after separation of paired intercalary heterocytes and also regarding to cell dimensions. Its genome size is 4 495 068 bp, with a G+C content of 41.98 %, a total of 3932 potential protein coding genes and four 16S rRNA genes. Phylogenomic tree inferred by RAxML based on the alignment of 120 conserved proteins using GTDB-Tk grouped A. elenkinii CCIBt3563 together with other genera of the family Aphanizomenonaceae. However, the only previous available genome of Anabaenopsis circularis NIES-21 was distantly positioned within a clade of Desikacharya strains, a genus from the family Nostocaceae. Furthermore, average nucleotide identity values from 86–98 % were obtained among NIES-21 and Desikacharya genomes, while this value was 76.04 % between NIES-21 and the CCIBt3563 genome. These findings were also corroborated by the phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene sequences, which also showed a strongly supported subcluster of A. elenkinii strains from Brazilian, Mexican and Kenyan soda lakes. This study presents the phylogenomics and genome-scale analyses of an Anabaenopsis elenkinii strain, improving molecular basis for demarcation of this species and framework for the classification of cyanobacteria based on the polyphasic approach.

Hydrogenophaga aromaticivorans sp. nov., isolated from a para-xylene-degrading enrichment culture, capable of degrading benzene, meta- and para-xylene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinchan Banerjee ◽  
András Táncsics ◽  
Erika Tóth ◽  
Fruzsina Révész ◽  
Károly Bóka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Para Xylene

A benzene, para- and meta-xylene-degrading Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated as D2P1T, was isolated from a para-xylene-degrading enrichment culture. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes showed that D2P1T shares a distinct phyletic lineage within the genus Hydrogenophaga and shows highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis NBRC 102512T (99.2 %) and Hydrogenophaga palleronii NBRC 102513T (98.3 %). The draft genome sequence of D2P1T is 5.63 Mb long and the genomic DNA G+C content is 65.5 %. Orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) analyses confirmed low genomic relatedness to its closest relatives (OrthoANI <86 %; dDDH <30 %). D2P1T contains ubiquinone 8 (Q-8) as the only respiratory quinone and phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. The main whole-cell fatty acids of D2P1T are summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω7c/C16 : 1  ω6c), C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1  ω7c/C18 : 1  ω6c). The polyphasic taxonomic results indicated that strain D2P1T represents a novel species of the genus Hydrogenophaga , for which the name Hydrogenophaga aromaticivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D2P1T (=LMG 31780T=NCAIM B 02655T).

Microbacterium paulum sp. nov., isolated from microfiltered milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bellassi ◽  
Alessandra Fontana ◽  
Maria Luisa Callegari ◽  
Fabrizio Cappa ◽  
Lorenzo Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Type Species ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

A novel Gram-stain-positive, strictly aerobic, short rod-shaped bacterium, designated 2CT, was isolated from freshly packaged microfiltered milk. This strain was able to grow within the NaCl concentration range of 0–5 % (w/v), temperature range of 8–37 °C (optimally at 30 °C) and at pH 6.0–10.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 2CT was closely related to species of the genus Microbacterium , with the highest sequence similarity (99.2 %) to Microbacterium lacticum DSM 20427T as well as Microbacterium flavum DSM 18909T (=YM18-098T). The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA genes showed that strain 2CT clustered with M. flavum DSM 18909T. However, the phylogenetic tree based on concatenated 16S rRNA and four housekeeping genes showed that strain 2CT clustered with M. lacticum DSM 20427T. Furthermore, the phylogenomic tree showed that strain 2CT clustered with M. lacticum DSM 20427T and M. flavum DSM 18909T. The major respiratory quinones were MK-10, MK-11 and MK-12. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The polar lipid composition of strain 2CT consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified glycolipids and two unidentified lipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was a variant of B1α {Gly} [l-Lys] d-Glu-l-Lys, with the amino acids lysine, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid. The whole-cell sugars consisted of galactose, glucose, ribose and minor amounts of rhamnose. In addition, strain 2CT showed a glycolyl-type cell wall. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.8mol%, while the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values with the closely related Microbacterium species were below the recognized thresholds of 95–96 % ANI and 70 % DDH for species definition. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 2CT (=LMG 32277T=CECT 30329T) is considered to represent a new species, for which the name Microbacterium paulum sp. nov. is proposed.

Curvivirga aplysinae gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the sea sponge Aplysina fistularis

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey R. Goldberg ◽  
Brad A. Haltli ◽  
Hebelin Correa ◽  
Russell G. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Type Species ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Aplysina Fistularis

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile bacterium, designated strain RKSG073T, was isolated from the sea sponge Aplysina fistularis, collected off the west coast of San Salvador, The Bahamas. Cells were curved-to-spiral rods with single, bipolar (amphitrichous) flagella, oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-nitrate-reducing and required salt for growth. RKSG073T grew optimally at 30–37 °C, pH 6–7, and with 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant fatty acids of RKSG073T were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c) and C16 : 0. Major isoprenoid quinones were identified as Q-10 and Q-9. Phylogenetic analyses of nearly complete 16S rRNA genes and genome sequences positioned strain RKSG073T in a clade with its closest relative Aestuariispira insulae AH-MY2T (92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), which subsequently clustered with Hwanghaeella grinnelliae Gri0909T, Marivibrio halodurans ZC80T and type species of the genera Kiloniella , Thalassospira and Terasakiella . The DNA G+C content calculated from the genome of RKSG073T was 42.2 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic distinctiveness and polyphasic analysis, here we propose that RKSG073T (culture deposit numbers: ATCC collection = TSD-74T, BCCM collection = LMG 29869T) represents the type strain of a novel genus and species within the family Kiloniellaceae , order Rhodospirillales and class Alphaproteobacteria , for which the name Curvivirga aplysinae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

Halosimplex pelagicum sp. nov. and Halosimplex rubrum sp. nov., isolated from salted brown alga Laminaria, and emended description of the genus Halosimplex

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Han ◽  
Heng-Lin Cui
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Brown Alga ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Emended Description

Two halophilic archaeal strains, R2T and R27T, were isolated from the brown alga Laminaria produced at Dalian, Liaoning Province, China. Both had pleomorphic cells that lysed in distilled water, stained Gram-negative and formed red-pigmented colonies. They grew optimally at 42 °C, pH 7.0 and in the presence of 3.1–3.4 M NaCl and 0.03–0.5 M Mg2+. The major polar lipids of the two strains were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me) and four major glycolipids chromatographically identical to those of Halosimplex carlsbadense JCM 11222T. 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that each strain had two dissimilar 16S rRNA genes and both strains were phylogenetically related to Halosimplex carlsbadense JCM 11222T (92.7–98.8 % similarities). The rpoB′ gene similarities between strains R2T and R27T and between these strains and Halosimplex carlsbadense JCM 11222T were 95.7 %, 96.1 % and 95.8 %, respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strains R2T and R27T were 62.5 mol% and 64.0 mol%, respectively. The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strains R2T and R27T and between the two strains and Halosimplex carlsbadense JCM 11222T were 43 %, 52 % and 47 %, respectively. It was concluded that strain R2T ( = CGMCC 1.10586T = JCM 17263T) and strain R27T ( = CGMCC 1.10591T = JCM 17268T) represent two novel species of the genus Halosimplex , for which the names Halosimplex pelagicum sp. nov. and Halosimplex rubrum sp. nov. are proposed. An emended description of the genus Halosimplex is also presented.

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