Genetic characterization of a novel duck-origin picornavirus with six 2A proteins

A novel virus was detected from diseased ducks and completely determined. The virus was shown to have a picornavirus-like genome layout. Interestingly, the genome contained a total of up to six 2As, including four 2As (2A1–2A4) each having an NPGP motif, an AIG1-like 2A5, and a parechovirus-like 2A6. The 5′UTR was predicted to possess a hepacivirus/pestivirus-like internal ribosome entry site (IRES). However, the subdomain IIIe consisted of a 3 nt stem and five unpaired bases, distinct from those found in all other HP-like IRESs. The virus was most closely related to duck hepatitis A virus, with amino acid identities of 37.7 %, 39 % and 43.7 % in the P1, P2 and P3 regions, respectively. Based on these investigations, together with phylogenetic analyses, the virus could be considered as the founding member of a novel picornavirus genus that we tentatively named ‘Aalivirus’, with ‘Aalivirus A’ as the type species.

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Genetic characterization of a novel picornavirus in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) distinct from turkey galliviruses and megriviruses and distantly related to the members of the genus Avihepatovirus

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.051797-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 94 (7) ◽

pp. 1496-1509 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Ákos Boros ◽

Csaba Nemes ◽

Péter Pankovics ◽

Beatrix Kapusinszky ◽

Eric Delwart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Complete Genome ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Meleagris Gallopavo ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Entry Site ◽

Duck Hepatitis ◽

Capsid Protein Vp1 ◽

Vp1 Capsid Protein

This study reports the metagenomic detection and complete genome characterization of a novel turkey picornavirus from faecal samples of healthy (1/3) and affected (6/8) commercial turkeys with enteric and/or stunting syndrome in Hungary. The virus was detected at seven of the eight farms examined. The turkey/M176-TuASV/2011/HUN genome (KC465954) was genetically different from the currently known picornaviruses of turkey origin (megriviruses and galliviruses), and showed distant phylogenetic relationship and common genomic features (e.g. uncleaved VP0 and three predicted and unrelated 2A polypeptides) to duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) of the genus Avihepatovirus. The complete genome analysis revealed multiple distinct genome features like the presence of two in-tandem aphthovirus 2A-like sequence repeats with DxExNPG/P ‘ribosome-skipping’ sites (76 %, 23/30 amino acids identical), with the first aphthovirus 2A-like sequence being located at the end of the VP1 capsid protein (VP1/2A1 ‘ribosome-skipping’ site). The phylogenetic analyses, low sequence identity (33, 32 and 36 % amino acid identity in P1, P2 and P3 regions) to DHAV, and the type II-like internal ribosome entry site suggests that this turkey picornavirus is related to, but distinct from the genus Avihepatovirus and it could be the founding member of a novel Avihepatovirus sister-clade genus. This is the third, taxonomically highly distinct picornavirus clade identified from turkeys exhibiting varied symptoms.

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Duck Hepatitis A Virus Possesses a Distinct Type IV Internal Ribosome Entry Site Element of Picornavirus

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00306-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 1129-1144 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

M. Pan ◽

X. Yang ◽

L. Zhou ◽

X. Ge ◽

X. Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Ribosome Entry Site ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Distinct Type ◽

Entry Site ◽

Internal Ribosome Entry ◽

Type Iv ◽

Duck Hepatitis

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IGF2BP1 Significantly Enhances Translation Efficiency of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 without Affecting Viral Replication

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom9100594 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 594 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Junhao Chen ◽

Ruihua Zhang ◽

Jingjing Lan ◽

Shaoli Lin ◽

Pengfei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Translation Efficiency ◽

Entry Site ◽

Positive Role ◽

Internal Ribosome Entry ◽

Duck Hepatitis ◽

Positive Strand Rna

As a disease characterized by severe liver necrosis and hemorrhage, duck viral hepatitis (DVH) is mainly caused by duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV). The positive-strand RNA genome of DHAV type 1 (DHAV-1) contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element within the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), structured sequence elements within the 3′ UTR, and a poly(A) tail at the 3′ terminus. In this study, we first examined that insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein-1 (IGF2BP1) specifically interacted with the DHAV-1 3′ UTR by RNA pull-down assay. The interaction between IGF2BP1 and DHAV-1 3′ UTR strongly enhanced IRES-mediated translation efficiency but failed to regulate DHAV-1 replication in a duck embryo epithelial (DEE) cell line. The viral propagation of DHAV-1 strongly enhanced IGF2BP1 expression level, and viral protein accumulation was identified as the key point to this increment. Collectively, our data demonstrated the positive role of IGF2BP1 in DHAV-1 viral proteins translation and provided data support for the replication mechanism of DHAV-1.

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Molecular genotyping of duck hepatitis A viruses (DHAV) in Vietnam

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.7239 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (09) ◽

pp. 988-995 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Huong Thi Thanh Doan ◽

Xuyen Thi Kim Le ◽

Roan Thi Do ◽

Chau Thi Minh Hoang ◽

Khue Thi Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Hypervariable Region ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Molecular Genotyping ◽

Duck Hepatitis ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Different Strains

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify the genetic characteristics and molecular genotyping of duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) isolated in Vietnam during 2009–2013. Methodology: Thirty duckling livers from outbreaks between 2009 and 2013 in seven provinces were collected and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then, VP1 genes of eleven positive samples and two attenuated vaccine strains were sequenced and analyzed. Results: Genotypic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the 13 Vietnamese isolates were classified into two genotypes, DHAV-1 and DHAV-3. The rate of identity and homology was 91%–100% between the 10 Vietnamese and 26 global strains of DHAV-3, and 92%–100% between 3 Vietnamese and 16 strains of DHAV-1. Between the DHAV-3 and DHAV-1 strains, the divergence reached 30%. At the C-terminal of VP1 for the different strains, a hypervariable region was observed, and notably, six of the Vietnamese DHAV-3 strains in this study showed four consistent differences (at positions T184M, Q200H, K207N, and K214R) within this group that were distinct from all other DHAV-3 strains. Conclusions: This is the first report of molecular characterization of DHAVs in Vietnam. At least two genotypes were identified, DHAV-1 and DHAV-3, with diversified clades within and between genotypes. DHAV-3 seemed to be dominant in Vietnam.

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