scholarly journals Cortical state and natural movie responses in cat visual cortex

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Spacek ◽  
Nicholas V. Swindale
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Cat Visual Cortex ◽  
Columnar Organization ◽  
State Affect ◽  
Global Brain ◽  
Anesthetized Cat

AbstractHow does cortical state affect neural responses to naturalistic stimuli, and is it analogous between anesthetized and awake animals? We recorded spikes and local field potential (LFP) from all layers of isoflurane-anesthetized cat primary visual cortex (V1) while repeatedly presenting wide-field natural scene movie clips. Spiking responses of single units were remarkably precise, reliable and sparse, with lognormally distributed mean firing rates. Many units had distinct barcode-like firing patterns, with features as little as 10 ms wide. LFP-derived cortical state switched spontaneously between synchronized (1/f) and desynchronized (broadband). Surprisingly, responses were more precise, reliable and sparse during the synchronized than desynchronized state. Because the desynchronized state under anesthesia is thought to correspond to attending periods in awake animals, during which responses are enhanced, our results complicate the analogy between cortical states in anesthetized and awake animals. The presenceof orientation maps in cat V1 may explain contrary reports in anesthetized rodents, and predicts a similar result in anesthetized ferret and primate V1.Significance StatementGlobal brain activity changes spontaneously over time and can be characterized along a spectrum from slow synchronized activity, to fast desynchronized activity. This spectrum is similar in awake, asleep and anesthetized animals, but is its effect on neural responses the same in all cases? Here we show that neural responses to natural movies in anesthetized cat visual cortex are more precise during synchronized activity. This is contrary to reports in anesthetized rodents, which we suggest may be due to greater columnar organization in cat visual cortex. Since this is also contrary to enhanced responses and behavioural performance during attention, when activity is desynchronized, our results suggest that similar brain states in awake and anesthetized animals may not be functionally analogous.

Neural responses in cat visual cortex reflect state changes in correlated activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Van Der Togt ◽  
Henk Spekreijse ◽  
Hans Supèr
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Cat Visual Cortex ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
State Changes

scholarly journals In vivo brain activity imaging of interactively locomoting mice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenori Inagaki ◽  
Masakazu Agetsuma ◽  
Shinya Ohara ◽  
Toshio Iijima ◽  
Tetsuichi Wazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Voltage Indicator

AbstractElectrophysiological field potential dynamics have been widely used to investigate brain functions and related psychiatric disorders. Conversely, however, various technical limitations of conventional recording methods have limited its applicability to freely moving subjects, especially when they are in a group and socially interacting with each other. Here, we propose a new method to overcome these technical limitations by introducing a bioluminescent voltage indicator called LOTUS-V. Using our simple and fiber-free recording method, named “SNIPA,” we succeeded in capturing brain activity in freely-locomotive mice, without the need for complicated instruments. This novel method further allowed us to simultaneously record from multiple independently-locomotive animals that were interacting with one another. Further, we successfully demonstrated that the primary visual cortex was activated during the interaction. This methodology will further facilitate a wide range of studies in neurobiology and psychiatry.

scholarly journals Temporal and frequency analysis of synchronized neural responses in Cat visual cortex

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 390-390
Author(s):  
Z. Zhou ◽  
M. R. Bernard ◽  
A. B. Bonds
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Cat Visual Cortex

scholarly journals A Comparison of Hemodynamic and Neural Responses in Cat Visual Cortex Using Complex Stimuli

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Cat Visual Cortex ◽  
Complex Stimuli

scholarly journals Cortical glutamatergic projection neuron types contribute to distinct functional subnetworks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemanth Mohan ◽  
Xu An ◽  
Hideki Kondo ◽  
Shengli Zhao ◽  
Simon Musall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Projection Neuron ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Dorsal Cortex ◽  
Functional Architecture ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Columnar Organization ◽  
Global Brain ◽  
Genetic Targeting

The cellular basis of cerebral cortex functional architecture remains not well understood. A major challenge is to monitor and decipher neural network dynamics across broad cortical areas yet with projection neuron (PN) type resolution in real time during behavior. Combining genetic targeting and wide-field imaging, we monitored activity dynamics of subcortical-projecting (PTFezf2) and intratelencephalic-projecting (ITPlxnD1) types across dorsal cortex of mice during multiple brain states and behaviors. ITPlxnD1 and PTFezf2 showed distinct activation patterns during wakeful resting, spontaneous movements, and upon sensory stimulation. Distinct ITPlxnD1 and PTFezf2 subnetworks dynamically tuned to different sensorimotor components of a naturalistic feeding behavior, and optogenetic inhibition of subnetwork nodes disrupted specific behavioral components. ITPlxnD1 and PTFezf2 projection patterns supported their subnetwork activation patterns. Our results suggest that, in addition to the concept of columnar organization, dynamic areal and PN type-specific subnetworks is a key feature of cortical functional architecture linking microcircuit components with global brain networks.

scholarly journals Local Perturbations of Cortical Excitability Propagate Differentially Through Large-Scale Functional Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 3352-3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary P Rosenthal ◽  
Ryan V Raut ◽  
Ping Yan ◽  
Deima Koko ◽  
Andrew W Kraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Parvalbumin Interneuron

Abstract Electrophysiological recordings have established that GABAergic interneurons regulate excitability, plasticity, and computational function within local neural circuits. Importantly, GABAergic inhibition is focally disrupted around sites of brain injury. However, it remains unclear whether focal imbalances in inhibition/excitation lead to widespread changes in brain activity. Here, we test the hypothesis that focal perturbations in excitability disrupt large-scale brain network dynamics. We used viral chemogenetics in mice to reversibly manipulate parvalbumin interneuron (PV-IN) activity levels in whisker barrel somatosensory cortex. We then assessed how this imbalance affects cortical network activity in awake mice using wide-field optical neuroimaging of pyramidal neuron GCaMP dynamics as well as local field potential recordings. We report 1) that local changes in excitability can cause remote, network-wide effects, 2) that these effects propagate differentially through intra- and interhemispheric connections, and 3) that chemogenetic constructs can induce plasticity in cortical excitability and functional connectivity. These findings may help to explain how focal activity changes following injury lead to widespread network dysfunction.

scholarly journals Superimposed gratings induce diverse response patterns of gamma oscillations in primary visual cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Chuanliang Han ◽  
Tian Wang ◽  
Weifeng Dai ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Region Difference ◽  
High Gamma ◽  
Spiking Activity

AbstractStimulus-dependence of gamma oscillations (GAMMA, 30–90 Hz) has not been fully understood, but it is important for revealing neural mechanisms and functions of GAMMA. Here, we recorded spiking activity (MUA) and the local field potential (LFP), driven by a variety of plaids (generated by two superimposed gratings orthogonal to each other and with different contrast combinations), in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized cats. We found two distinct narrow-band GAMMAs in the LFPs and a variety of response patterns to plaids. Similar to MUA, most response patterns showed that the second grating suppressed GAMMAs driven by the first one. However, there is only a weak site-by-site correlation between cross-orientation interactions in GAMMAs and those in MUAs. We developed a normalization model that could unify the response patterns of both GAMMAs and MUAs. Interestingly, compared with MUAs, the GAMMAs demonstrated a wider range of model parameters and more diverse response patterns to plaids. Further analysis revealed that normalization parameters for high GAMMA, but not those for low GAMMA, were significantly correlated with the discrepancy of spatial frequency between stimulus and sites’ preferences. Consistent with these findings, normalization parameters and diversity of high GAMMA exhibited a clear transition trend and region difference between area 17 to 18. Our results show that GAMMAs are also regulated in the form of normalization, but that the neural mechanisms for these normalizations might differ from those of spiking activity. Normalizations in different brain signals could be due to interactions of excitation and inhibitions at multiple stages in the visual system.

Decoupling of Global Brain Activity and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Decline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Han ◽  
Gregory L. Brown ◽  
Yalin Zhu ◽  
Aaron E. Belkin‐Rosen ◽  
Mechelle M. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow ◽  
Global Brain
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