scholarly journals Association between use of the progestin Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Cervicovaginal Lavage Proinflammatory Cytokines among HIV-1 and HSV-2 co-infected African women: a case control study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Walong ◽  
Christopher Gontier ◽  
Walter Jaoko ◽  
Elizabeth Bukusi
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Regulatory Cytokine ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Cervicovaginal Lavage ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACTBackgroundUse of the progestin contraceptive Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) by HIV 1 infected women is associated with increased female to male transmission of HIV. Mucosal innate immune activation has been proposed as a likely mechanism. To establish the effect of DMPA upon mucosal immune activation, this study sought to evaluate the concentrations of 5 proinflammatory and the regulatory cytokine IL 10 in cervicovaginal lavage fluid.MethodsThis was a case control study, 70 participants were recruited, comprising of 35 asymptomatic ART naïve HIV positive women on DMPA recruited as cases and 35 age matched asymptomatic ART naive HIV positive women not on contraceptives recruited as controls. Peripheral blood CD4 and total lymphocyte counts, High vaginal swab microscopy, endocervical smears and cervical cytology were performed for each participant. Concentrations of six proinflammatory cytokines were measured on cervicovaginal lavage by multiplex cytometric bead array.ResultsThe mean age of cases was 26.8 years and 30 years for controls. Total lymphocyte counts and CD4 cell counts were significantly higher among cases (p=0.02 and 0.004 respectively). HSV 2 prevalence as determined by ELISA was higher (p=0.034 among cases. The concentrations of the cytokines IL 1β, IL 6, IL 8, IL 12p70 and TNF α were lower among cases, with IL 1β being statistically significant (p=0.046). Concentrations of IL 10 was higher among cases (p=0.022). On multivariate analysis, reduction in IL 1β and IL 8 were associated with the duration of DMPA use (p=0.015 and 0.041 respectively). Inclusion of HSV 2 into the multivariate models showed elevation of all cytokines measured (p=<0.001).ConclusionDMPA use is associated with reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and elevation of the regulatory cytokine IL 10. This may explain increased female to male transmission of HIV infection by modulation of male genital tract mucosa in the absence of increased HIV 1 genital shedding.

Meconium aspiration syndrome in infants of HIV-positive women: a case-control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin K. Gupta ◽  
Pam Haerr ◽  
Richard David ◽  
Alok Rastogi ◽  
Suma Pyati
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Meconium Aspiration ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractOur aim was to determine whether maternal HIV infection in the current era is associated with an increased incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in their infants.Infants born to 149 HIV-positive women at our hospital over a 5-year period were compared with infants born to HIV-negative women in a retrospective case-control study. Charts of all 298 patients included in the study were reviewed for maternal and infant demographics, HIV treatment, vertical transmission and untoward events at delivery or during the hospital course.When compared with HIV-negative women, a greater proportion of HIV-positive women had meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), 33% vs. 13%, P<0.001; and thick MSAF, 17% vs. 5%, P<0.001, respectively. Seven of 298 infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for MAS; all seven were born to HIV-positive women (P=0.015). AlthoughInfants born to HIV-positive women had significantly more MSAF and MAS than infants born to non-infected women. It is unclear whether this association results from maternal HIV infection itself or from anti-retroviral therapy. Maternal and infant care providers should be prepared for this complication when attending to the deliveries of HIV-positive women.

scholarly journals Characteristics of HIV-positive pregnant women and HIV- and antiretroviral therapy-exposed fetuses: A case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (08) ◽  
pp. 901-907
Author(s):  
Tung-Che Hung ◽  
Li-Cheng Lu ◽  
Mei-Hui Lin ◽  
Yu-Chia Hu ◽  
Chien-Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: This study determined risk factors, obstetric comorbidities, and fetal conditions among HIV-positive mothers to improve their maternal care. Methodology: This retrospective case-control study included HIV-positive pregnant women 18 years of age or older and age-, parity-, and delivery method-matched HIV-negative controls between 2011 and 2018. Those who had stillbirth were excluded. Baseline demographics, labor process, CD4 count, plasma HIV viral load, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen were recorded. Fetal conditions were recorded as well. Results: Forty HIV-positive women (45 parities; 22 via NSD, 23 via C/S) were included, with 45 HIV-negative parities as controls. Twenty-nine (72.5%) HIV-positive women had illicit drug use. In the HIV-positive group, 17% received ART prior to first perinatal visit, and 75.6% reached viral suppression pre-delivery. Zidovudine and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir were the majorly prescribed ART. Mild perineal lacerations via NSD were observed in HIV-positive women. Fetal body weight was lower in HIV- and ART-exposed fetuses (2665 vs 3010 g, p < 0.001). Preterm delivery PTB (28.9% vs 8.9%, p= 0.015) and small-for gestational age SGA (28.9% vs 8.8%, p = 0.003) rates were higher in the HIV-positive group. There was no vertical transmission of HIV. Conclusions: HIV-positive women tend to deliver fetuses with low body weight and have higher SGA and PTB rates. Given that most women received zidovudine and protease inhibitors, benefits of newer agents for HIV-positive pregnancies should be studied.

scholarly journals APOBEC3G expression and HIV-1 infection in Burkina Faso

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore ◽  
Serge Theophile Soubeiga ◽  
Abdoul Karim Ouattara ◽  
Damehan Tchelougou ◽  
Cyrille Bisseye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Negative Strand ◽  
Minor Alleles ◽  
Viral Cdna ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Apobec3g Expression

APOBEC3G is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication, and act by deaminating cytidines in uracil on the negative strand of the viral cDNA. In this case-control study, APOBEC3G expression in subjects’ naïve to HAART infected by HIV-1 and the effect of APOBEC3G polymorphism on its expression were evaluated. The results show that the HIV-1 infected carriers of the G minor alleles of the variant rs8177832 had a higher expression of APOBEC3G mRNA than the controls carriers of the G minor allele. APOBEC3G polymorphisms could play an important role in the modulation of the HIV-1 dissemination.

scholarly journals Antenatal HIV-1 RNA load and timing of mother to child transmission; a nested case-control study in a resource poor setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerina Duri ◽  
Felicity Z Gumbo ◽  
Knut I Kristiansen ◽  
Nyaradzi E Kurewa ◽  
Munyaradzi P Mapingure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Resource Poor Setting ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Control Study
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