scholarly journals Morphologically and physiologically diverse fruits of two Lepidium species differ in allocation of glucosinolates into immature and mature seed and pericarp

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Mohammed ◽  
Samik Bhattacharya ◽  
Matthias A. Gesing ◽  
Katharina Klupsch ◽  
Günter Theißen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Model System ◽  
Indole Glucosinolates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Glucosinolate Concentration ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mature Seeds

AbstractThe morphology and physiology of diaspores play crucial roles in determining the fate of seeds in unpredictable habitats. In some genera of the Brassicaceae different types of diaspores can be found. Lepidium appelianum produces non-dormant seeds within indehiscent fruits while in L. campestre dormant seeds are released from dehiscent fruits. These different diaspore types offer an excellent model system to analyse the allocation of relevant defence compounds into different tissues, which may maximise diaspore fitness. Total glucosinolate concentration and composition were analysed in immature and mature seeds and pericarps of L. appelianum and L. campestre using high-performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, transgenic RNAi L. campestre lines were used for comparison that produce indehiscent fruits due to silencing of LcINDEHISCENCE, the INDEHISCENCE ortholog of L. campestre. Total glucosinolate concentrations were lower in green compared to mature seeds in all studied Lepidium species and transgenic lines. In contrast, indehiscent fruits of L. appelianum maintained their total glucosinolate concentration in mature pericarps compared to green ones, while in dehiscent L. campestre and in indehiscent RNAi-LcIND L. campestre a significant decrease in total glucosinolate concentrations from green to mature pericarps could be detected. Regarding the distribution of glucosinolate classes, high concentrations of 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate were found in mature seeds of L. appelianum, while no indole glucosinolates were detected in mature diaspores of L. campestre. The diaspores of the latter species may rather depend on aliphatic and aromatic glucosinolates for long-term protection. The allocation patterns of glucosinolates correlate with the morpho-physiologically distinct fruits of L. appelianum and L. campestre and may be explained by the distinct dispersal strategies and the dormancy status of both species.

Osmotic adaptation of renal medullary cells during transition from chronic diuresis to antidiuresis

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. F722-F729 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sone ◽  
G. J. Albrecht ◽  
A. Dorge ◽  
K. Thurau ◽  
F. X. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Osmotic Adaptation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Tissue Contents ◽  
Abrupt Rise

The cells of the renal medulla adapt osmotically to high extracellular tonicities by high concentrations of organic osmolytes. Intracellular accumulation of these substances is, however, relatively slow. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of an abrupt rise in extracellular tonicity on intracellular osmotically active substances after prior reduction of medullary contents of organic osmolytes by chronic diuresis. Intra- and extracellular electrolyte concentrations at the papillary tip and the tissue contents of methylamines (glycerophosphorylcholine, betaine), polyols (myo-inositol, sorbitol), and several amino acids were determined in the different kidney zones by electron microprobe analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography in control animals, in rats infused for 6 days with furosemide via osmotic minipumps, and in rats given the vasopressin analogue [deamino-Cys1,D-Arg8]vasopressin (DDAVP) after the chronic furosemide treatment. Chronic diuresis greatly reduced interstitial tonicity and inner medullary contents of methylamines and polyols and moderately reduced inner medullary amino acid contents but did not significantly affect intracellular electrolyte concentrations. When the diuretic rats were infused with DDAVP for 2 h, interstitial tonicity more than doubled and intracellular K and Cl concentrations rose by approximately 60 and 160%, while inner medullary contents of methylamines, polyols, and amino acids were not changed significantly. These data demonstrate that after effective depletion of medullary organic osmolytes by long-term diuresis, the cells of the renal papilla adapt osmotically to an abrupt increase in extracellular tonicities by elevated cell electrolyte concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Investigation of Modulus of Elasticity and Surface Electrical Resistivity in High Performance Concrete(HPC) Using Natural Zeolite

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Modha ◽  
Pratanu Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Chloride Induced Corrosion ◽  
Different Types

Due to severe weathering problems in nation’s concrete infrastructures namely bridges and pavements, it has become very important to develop high performance concrete (HPC). HPC generally increases the durability against the chloride induced corrosion as well as long term strength. Currently, a natural pozzolanic cementitious material known as natural zeolite, a crystalline hydrated alumino-silicate processed (volcanic ash) mineral, is being used for enhancing the performance of HPC. The purpose of this study is to investigate long term durability and modulus of elasticity of zeolite based HPC to enhance the performance and serviceability of reinforced concrete bridges and pavements. In this study, several HPC mixtures are prepared by replacing cement with different percentage level of zeolite (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%). Different types of binary (Cement + Zeolite) and ternary (Cement + Zeolite + other cementitious material) based concrete mixtures including the control mixture (100% Cement) with water to total cementitious material ratio of 0.4 and 0.44 are made. Two different types of experiments namely modulus of elasticity and corrosion durability investigation (surface electrical resistivity) are conducted on concrete samples at 7, 28, 56 and 91 days. The main purpose of 4-point Wenner Probe resistivity meter is to investigate surface electrical resistivity of concrete which provides indirect indication of chloride induced corrosion. In addition, modulus of elasticity is related to stiffness and strength of concrete and it widely used in design of reinforcement concrete structures. The compressometer is utilized for measurement of modulus of elasticity indirectly through evaluating deformation and strain of concrete samples. Overall, zeolite based concrete mixtures with water to total cementitious material ratio (W/C) at 0.40 provides promising results in terms of modulus of elasticity and durability. Further, substitution of zeolite with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in concrete mixtures, will reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and promotes sustainability.

scholarly journals Sustained Delivery of Analgesic and Antimicrobial Agents to Knee Joint by Direct Injections of Electrosprayed Multipharmaceutical-Loaded Nano/Microparticles

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Heng Hsu ◽  
Dave Chen ◽  
Min-Jhan Li ◽  
Yi-Hsun Yu ◽  
Ying-Chao Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Synovial Tissues

In this study, we developed biodegradable lidocaine–/vancomycin–/ceftazidime–eluting poly(d,l–lactide–co–glycolide) (PLGA) nano/microparticulate carriers using an electrospraying process, and we evaluated the release behaviors of the carriers in knee joints. To prepare the particles, predetermined weight percentages of PLGA, vancomycin, ceftazidime, and lidocaine were dissolved in solvents. The PLGA/antibiotic/lidocaine solutions were then fed into a syringe for electrospraying. After electrospraying, the morphology of the sprayed nano/microparticles was elucidated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro antibiotic/analgesic release characteristics of the nano/microparticles were studied using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, drug release to the synovial tissues and fluids was studied in vivo by injecting drug-loaded nano/microparticles into the knee joints of rabbits. The biodegradable electrosprayed nano/microparticles released high concentrations of vancomycin/ceftazidime (well above the minimum inhibition concentration) and lidocaine into the knee joints for more than 2 weeks and for over 3 days, respectively. Such results suggest that electrosprayed biodegradable nano/microcarriers could be used for the long-term local delivery of various pharmaceuticals.

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao LI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

Efficient Co-Harvesting of Solar Energy and Low-Grade Heat by Molecular Photoswitches for High Energy Density, Long-Term Stable Solar Thermal Battery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Tao LI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Battery ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Solar energy and ambient heat are two inexhaustible energy sources for addressing the global challenge of energy and sustainability. Solar thermal battery based on molecular switches that can store solar energy and release it as heat has recently attracted great interest, but its development is severely limited by both low energy density and short storage stability. On the other hand, the efficient recovery and upgrading of low-grade heat, especially that of the ambient heat, has been a great challenge. Here we report that solar energy and ambient heat can be simultaneously harvested and stored, which is enabled by room-temperature photochemical crystal-to-liquid transitions of small-molecule photoswitches. The two forms of energy are released together to produce high-temperature heat during the reverse photochemical phase change. This strategy, combined with molecular design, provides high energy density of 320-370 J/g and long-term storage stability (half-life of about 3 months). On this basis, we fabricate high-performance, flexible film devices of solar thermal battery, which can be readily recharged at room temperature with good cycling ability, show fast rate of heat release, and produce high-temperature heat that is >20<sup> o</sup>C higher than the ambient temperature. Our work opens up a new avenue to harvest ambient heat, and demonstrate a feasible strategy to develop high-performance solar thermal battery.

Effect of sleep on memory for binding different types of visual information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Shaw ◽  
Zhisen Urgolites ◽  
Padraic Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Visual long-term memory has a large and detailed storage capacity for individual scenes, objects, and actions. However, memory for combinations of actions and scenes is poorer, suggesting difficulty in binding this information together. Sleep can enhance declarative memory of information, but whether sleep can also boost memory for binding information and whether the effect is general across different types of information is not yet known. Experiments 1 to 3 tested effects of sleep on binding actions and scenes, and Experiments 4 and 5 tested binding of objects and scenes. Participants viewed composites and were tested 12-hours later after a delay consisting of sleep (9pm-9am) or wake (9am-9pm), on an alternative forced choice recognition task. For action-scene composites, memory was relatively poor with no significant effect of sleep. For object-scene composites sleep did improve memory. Sleep can promote binding in memory, depending on the type of information to be combined.

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