scholarly journals A morphological trait involved in reproductive isolation between Drosophila sister species is sensitive to temperature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex E. Peluffo ◽  
Mehdi Hamdani ◽  
Alejandra Vargas-Valderrama ◽  
Jean R. David ◽  
François Mallard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genital Structure ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Male Genital

AbstractMale genitalia are usually extremely divergent between closely related species, but relatively constant within one species. Here we examine the effect of temperature on the shape of the ventral branches, a male genital structure involved in reproductive isolation, in the sister species Drosophila santomea and D. yakuba. We designed a semi-automatic measurement pipeline that can reliably identify curvatures and landmarks based on manually digitized contours of the ventral branches. With this method, we observed that temperature does not affect ventral branches in D. yakuba but that in D. santomea ventral branches tend to morph into a D. yakuba-like shape at lower temperature. Our results suggest that speciation of D. santomea and D. yakuba was associated with a change in genitalia plasticity.

scholarly journals Description of the male genitalia of Dyspessa wiltshirei Daniel, 1938 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) based on the type specimens

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
R.V. Yakovlev ◽  
H. Alipanah
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genital Structure ◽  
First Time ◽  
Male Genital

<p>The article gives a detailed illustrated redescription of the rare little-known species, <em>Dyspessa</em> <em>wiltshirei </em>Daniel, 1938, including description of the male genital structure which is presented for the first time. The differences of this species from its closely related species are also provided.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Genetic architecture of a key reproductive isolation trait differs between sympatric and non-sympatric sister species of Lake Victoria cichlids

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1924) ◽  
pp. 20200270
Author(s):  
Anna F. Feller ◽  
Marcel P. Haesler ◽  
Catherine L. Peichel ◽  
Ole Seehausen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Species Pair ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Nuptial Coloration

One hallmark of the East African cichlid radiations is the rapid evolution of reproductive isolation that is robust to full sympatry of many closely related species. Theory predicts that species persistence and speciation in sympatry with gene flow are facilitated if loci of large effect or physical linkage (or pleiotropy) underlie traits involved in reproductive isolation. Here, we investigate the genetic architecture of a key trait involved in behavioural isolation, male nuptial coloration, by crossing two sister species pairs of Lake Victoria cichlids of the genus Pundamilia and mapping nuptial coloration in the F2 hybrids. One is a young sympatric species pair, representative of an axis of colour motif differentiation, red-dorsum versus blue, that is highly recurrent in closely related sympatric species. The other is a species pair representative of colour motifs, red-chest versus blue, that are common in allopatric but uncommon in sympatric closely related species. We find significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with moderate to large effects (some overlapping) for red and yellow in the sympatric red-dorsum × blue cross, whereas we find no significant QTLs in the non-sympatric red-chest × blue cross. These findings are consistent with theory predicting that large effect loci or linkage/pleiotropy underlying mating trait differentiation could facilitate speciation and species persistence with gene flow in sympatry.

Reproductive isolation between two closely related species of the Queensland fruit fly Dracus tryoni (Frogg) and D. neohumeralis Hardy (Diptera : Tephritidae) I. Variation in humeral callus pattern and the occurrence of intermediate colour forms in the wild

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Wolda
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Similar Variation ◽  
In The Wild

A number of samples from wild populations of the Queensland fruit fly, Dacus tryoni and D. neohumeralis, were studied. There is a considerable variation in the colour pattern on the humeral callus. This variation is continuous so that any criterion for distinguishing between "intermediates" and "good species" is purely arbitrary. It was found in areas where D. neohumeralis does not occur as well as in localities where it is very abundant. By whatever criterion one defines intermediates, there appears to be no relation between the frequency of such forms and the presence or absence of D. neohumeralis or with the relative proportions of the two species in the population. However, flies with only a very small yellow area on an otherwise brown humeral callus were found only in Cairns where D. neohumeralis is usually the most abundant species. A similar variation in humeral callus pattern was found in other related species, such as D. kraussi and D. halfordiae. It is concluded that the intermediate colour forms may not be hybrids between D. tryoni and D. neohumeralis but variants of D. tryoni and, possibly the darker forms from Cairns, of D. neohumeralis.

A new species of Merobruchus Bridwell near Merobruchus boucheri Kingsolver (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae:Bruchinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1449 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
CIBELE STRAMARE RIBEIRO-COSTA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Merobruchus santiagoi Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov., is described from Brazil and Bolivia in seeds of Pithecelobium scalare Griseb (=P. tortum Mart.). Comparisons are made with its closely related species, M. boucheri Kingsolver 1980, presenting illustrations for both including male genitalia

scholarly journals Contact-Chemosensory Evolution Underlying Reproductive Isolation in Drosophila Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosei Sato ◽  
Daisuke Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Premating Isolation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Neural Activities

The main theme of the review is how changes in pheromone biochemistry and the sensory circuits underlying pheromone detection contribute to mate choice and reproductive isolation. The review focuses primarily on gustatory and non-volatile signals in Drosophila. Premating isolation is prevalent among closely related species. In Drosophila, preference for conspecifics against other species in mate choice underlies premating isolation, and such preference relies on contact chemosensory communications between a female and male along with other biological factors. For example, although D. simulans and D. melanogaster are sibling species that yield hybrids, their premating isolation is maintained primarily by the contrasting effects of 7,11-heptacosadiene (7,11-HD), a predominant female pheromone in D. melanogaster, on males of the two species: it attracts D. melanogaster males and repels D. simulans males. The contrasting preference for 7,11-HD in males of these two species is mainly ascribed to opposite effects of 7,11-HD on neural activities in the courtship decision-making neurons in the male brain: 7,11-HD provokes both excitatory and inhibitory inputs in these neurons and differences in the balance between the two counteracting inputs result in the contrasting preference for 7,11-HD, i.e., attraction in D. melanogaster and repulsion in D. simulans. Introduction of two double bonds is a key step in 7,11-HD biosynthesis and is mediated by the desaturase desatF, which is active in D. melanogaster females but transcriptionally inactivated in D. simulans females. Thus, 7,11-HD biosynthesis diversified in females and 7,11-HD perception diversified in males, yet it remains elusive how concordance of the changes in the two sexes was attained in evolution.

Skeletomuscular anatomy of the male genitalia of Epimartyria (Lepidoptera: Micropterigidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels P. Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Similar Condition ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Genital Structure ◽  
Median Plate ◽  
Male Genital

AbstractThe skeletomuscular anatomy of the male genital segments of E. pardella is described. The anteroventrally produced segment IX ring and bilobed tergum X are attributed to the ground plan of the Sabatinca group of genera. The gonopod base bears a prominent dorsomedian process. Posterolateral sclerotizations in the anal cone wall are unusually strong, venter X plates are simple and weakly sclerotized. The phallus comprises a double-walled phallobase and a single-walled aedeagus which is divided into a dorsal and a ventral branch; the gonopore opens distally on the latter. Close-set radial folds around the gonopore are a probable micropterigid autapomorphy. Fibres of a VIII/IX dorsolongitudinal muscle sometimes insert in the gonopod base. The phallic protractor originates in the gonopod. No muscles from the segment IX ring insert in the gonopod; a similar condition is found in Paramartyria. Gonopod adduction is apparently effected by a muscle inserting on a median plate between the gonopod bases. A powerful depressor of the postgenital complex originates posterolateral by the segment IX ring. The genital musculature in Epimartyria is compared with that in Micropterix and Eriocrania, and the bearing of genital structure on the systematic placement of Epimartyria is discussed.

Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2694 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAHIRY RASOLONJATOVO HIOBIARILANTO ◽  
ROGER-DANIEL RANDRIANIAINA ◽  
JULIAN GLOS ◽  
AXEL STRAUß ◽  
MIGUEL VENCES
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
First Time

We provide morphological descriptions of the tadpoles of ten species of Malagasy treefrogs of the genus Boophis (family Mantellidae). Based on individuals determined by DNA barcoding, the larvae of eight species are described for the first time: B. anjanaharibeensis, B. axelmeyeri, B. elenae, B. englaenderi, B. luciae, B. rhodoscelis, B. roseipalmatus, and B. vittatus. For two additional species, B. andreonei and B. microtympanum, we provide descriptions from other localities than the previously known larvae. All tadpoles described herein are stream-adapted, exotrophic, and of a relatively generalized morphology. In general, we found a morphological similarity of larvae belonging to phenetic species groups of Boophis, but more detailed analyses showed several differences between taxa that are known to be sister species or closely related to each other: B. luciae has a much higher number of oral papillae than B. sibilans, B. roseipalmatus has a slightly lower number of papillae and possibly a stronger caudal musculature than B. madagascariensis, and B. elenae has a distinctly lower number of oral papillae and keratodonts in the first upper keratodont row than B. sandrae. This indicates that tadpole characters might, in some cases, provide good taxonomic characters in Boophis, a genus in which adults of closely related species are often morphologically extremely similar.

scholarly journals Review of the Eumerus tricolor species group (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with description of six new species

2020 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Gilasian ◽  
Jeroen Van Steenis ◽  
Mehrdad Parchami-Araghi
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Closely Related Species

The species of the Eumerus tricolor species group in Iran are reviewed. Six species new to science are described from Iran, i.e., Eumerus atricolorus Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov., E. brevipilosus Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov., E. chekabicus Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov., E. ovoformus Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov., E. pilosipedes Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov. and E. vallicolus Gilasian &#38; van Steenis sp. nov. Three species, E. hissaricus Stackelberg, 1949, E. longitarsis Peck, 1979 and E. richteri Stackelberg, 1960, are newly recorded from Iran. Photographs of the species as well as illustrations of the male genitalia of the new species and closely related species are provided. An identification key to the males of the Iranian Eumerus tricolor species group is presented. A row of long posterodorsal setae on the wing vein costa basally is presented and argued as a new diagnostic morphological character for the entire Eumerus tricolor species group.

scholarly journals Chemical signals act as the main reproductive barrier between sister and mimeticHeliconiusbutterflies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. González-Rojas ◽  
K. Darragh ◽  
J Robles ◽  
M. Linares ◽  
S Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Reproductive Barrier ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Wing Colour ◽  
Behavioural Experiments

ABSTRACTColour pattern has been long recognised as the trait that drives mate recognition betweenHeliconiusspecies that are phylogenetically close. However, when this cue is compromised such as in cases of mimetic, sympatric and closely related species, alternative mating signals must evolve to ensure reproductive isolation and species integrity. The closely related speciesHeliconius melpomene malletiandH. timareta florencia, occur in the same geographic region and despite being co-mimics they display strong reproductive isolation. In order to test which cues differ between species, and therefore potentially contribute to reproductive isolation, we quantified differences in wing phenotype and male chemical profile. As expected, wing colour pattern was indistinguishable between the two species while the chemical profile of their male sex pheromones showed marked differences. We then conducted behavioural experiments to study the importance of these signals in mate recognition by females. In agreement with our previous results, we found that pheromones and not wing colour pattern drive the preference of females by conspecific males. In addition, experiments with hybrid males and females suggested an important genetic component for both pheromone production and preference. Altogether, these results suggest that pheromones are the major reproductive barrier opposing gene flow between these two sister and co-mimic species.

Review of the leafhopper genus Anaceratagallia Zachvatkin, 1946 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae: Agalliini) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4821 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-276
Author(s):  
DMITRI YU. TISHECHKIN
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Allopatric Speciation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Male Calling ◽  
Species Specific

In Russia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia the genus Anaceratagallia includes 14 species from two subgenera; all species except one belong to the nominotypical subgenus and can be classified into four groups according to the structure of male genitalia. The illustrated descriptions for all species are given, with male calling signal oscillograms provided for nine species. Ten new synonyms are established. Comparative investigation of morphological and acoustic characters of Anaceratagallia species showed that small differences in the structure of male genitalia and 2nd abdominal apodemes are not species-specific traits. All species studied in nature appeared to be polyphagous feeding on different species of herbaceous dicotyledons. It is assumed that closely related species within each group of the subgenus Anaceratagallia arose as a result of allopatric speciation and became secondarily sympatric due to subsequent range expansions.

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