scholarly journals Assessing the effects of thinning on stem growth allocation of individual Scots pine trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Tuomas Yrttimaa ◽  
Niko Viljanen ◽  
Eija Honkavaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Growth Effects ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Stem Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

AbstractForest management alters the growing conditions and thus further development of trees. However, quantitative assessment of forest management on tree growth has been demanding as methodologies for capturing changes comprehensively in space and time have been lacking. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has shown to be capable of providing three-dimensional (3D) tree stem reconstructions required for revealing differences between stem shapes and sizes. In this study, we used 3D reconstructions of tree stems from TLS and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to investigate how varying thinning treatments and the following growth effects affected stem shape and size of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees. The results showed that intensive thinning resulted in more stem volume and therefore total biomass allocation and carbon uptake compared to the moderate thinning. Relationship between tree height and diameter at breast height (i.e. slenderness) varied between both thinning intensity and type (i.e. from below and above) indicating differing response to thinning and allocation of stem growth of Scots pine trees. Furthermore, intensive thinning, especially from below, produced less variation in relative stem attributes characterizing stem shape and size. Thus, it can be concluded that thinning intensity, type, and the following growth effects have an impact on post-thinning stem shape and size of Scots pine trees. Our study presented detailed measurements on post-thinning stem growth of Scots pines that have been laborious or impracticable before the emergence of detailed 3D technologies. Moreover, the stem reconstructions from TLS and UAV provided variety of attributes characterizing stem shape and size that have not traditionally been feasible to obtain. The study demonstrated that detailed 3D technologies, such as TLS and UAV, provide information that can be used to generate new knowledge for supporting forest management and silviculture as well as improving ecological understanding of boreal forests.

scholarly journals Point cloud data from terrestrial laser scanning for volume modelling of Scots pine trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Jiri Pyörälä ◽  
Tuomas Yrttimaa ◽  
Xinlian Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Stem Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

Stem shape and size develop through time especially due to changing environmental characteristics but especially if and when forest management activities change. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides detailed information on stem shape and size and can enable large and comprehensive data sets for various modelling applications. We collected diameter at breast height and tree height information with traditional field measurements as well as preprocessed TLS point cloud data on 230 Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) from southern Finland. The data set described here includes three-dimensional information on Scots pine tree stems derived from TLS point clouds. The usage of this data set can include, but is not limited to, development of point cloud processing algorithms for single tree stem reconstruction and investigations of stem volume modelling for Scots pine.

Outbreaks of Gremmeniella abietina cause considerable decline in stem growth of surviving Scots pine trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Elna Stenström ◽  
Johanna Boberg ◽  
Clémentine Ols ◽  
Igor Drobyshev
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Pine Trees

scholarly journals Assessing the effects of thinning on stem growth allocation of individual Scots pine trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 474 ◽  
pp. 118344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Tuomas Yrttimaa ◽  
Niko Viljanen ◽  
Eija Honkavaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Growth Allocation ◽  
Pine Trees

scholarly journals Juvenile wood volume and its proportion to stem volume vs. selected biometric features of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Tomczak ◽  
Witold Pazdrowski ◽  
Grzegorz Kupczyk ◽  
Tomasz Jelonek
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
The One

The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a correlation between breast height diameter, tree height and stem total volume of Scots pines, on the one hand, and volume and proportion of juvenile wood, on the other. The investigations comprised pure pine stands of the IInd, IIIrd, IVth and Vth age classes developed in conditions of fresh mixed coniferous forest. A distinct curvilinear correlation was found between volume and proportion of juvenile wood in tree stems and breast height diameter, height and stem total volume. Because of high values of determination coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>), which characterised the above-mentioned correlations, it seems appropriate to use these regularities to assess the quality of the timber raw material regarding the proportions of its volume and juvenile wood in stems of Scots pine trees.

scholarly journals Interacting effects of insect and ungulate herbivory on Scots pine growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Nordkvist ◽  
Maartje J. Klapwijk ◽  
La rs Edenius ◽  
Christer Björkman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Ungulate Herbivory ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractMost plants are subjected to damage from multiple species of herbivores, and the combined impact on plant growth can be non-additive. Since plant response to herbivores tends to be species specific, and change with repeated damage, the outcome likely depend on the sequence and number of attacks. There is a high likelihood of non-additive effects on plant growth by damage from mammals and insects, as mammalian herbivory can alter insect herbivore damage levels, yet few studies have explored this. We report the growth response of young Scots pine trees to sequential mammal and insect herbivory, varying the sequence and number of damage events, using an ungulate-pine-sawfly system. Combined sawfly and ungulate herbivory had both additive and non-additive effects on pine growth—the growth response depended on the combination of ungulate browsing and sawfly defoliation (significant interaction effect). Repeated sawfly herbivory reduced growth (compared to single defoliation) on un-browsed trees. However, on browsed trees, depending on when sawfly defoliation was combined with browsing, trees exposed to repeated sawfly herbivory had both higher, lower and the same growth as trees exposed to a single defoliation event. We conclude that the sequence of attacks by multiple herbivores determine plant growth response.

scholarly journals Effect of thinning intensity on understory herbaceous diversity and biomass in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Changbai Mountain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerong Wang ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
Mo Zhou ◽  
Naiqian Guan ◽  
Yuwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Understory Herb

Abstract Background Herbs are an important part of the forest ecosystem, and their diversity and biomass can reflect the restoration of vegetation after forest thinning disturbances. Based on the near-mature secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province Forestry Experimental Zone, this study analyzed seasonal changes of species diversity and biomass of the understory herb layer after different intensities of thinning. Results The results showed that although the composition of herbaceous species and the ranking of importance values were affected by thinning intensity, they were mainly determined by seasonal changes. Across the entire growing season, the species with the highest importance values in thinning treatments included Carex pilosa, Aegopodium alpestre, Meehania urticifolia, and Filipendula palmata, which dominated the herb layer of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The number of species, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index all had their highest values in May, and gradually decreased with months. Pielou index was roughly inverted “N” throughout the growing season. Thinning did not increase the species diversity. Thinning can promote the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The number of plants per unit area and coverage were related to the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The average height had a significantly positive correlation with herb biomass in May but not in July. However, it exerted a significantly negative correlation with herb biomass in September. The biomass in the same month increased with increasing thinning intensity. Total herb biomass, above- and below-ground biomass showed positive correlations with Shannon-Winner index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in May. Conclusions Thinning mainly changed the light environment in the forest, which would improve the plant diversity and biomass of herb layer in a short time. And different thinning intensity had different effects on the diversity of understory herb layer. The findings provide theoretical basis and reference for reasonable thinning and tending in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

Freeze-preservation of buds from Scots pine trees

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tero Kuoksa ◽  
Anja Hohtola
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pine Trees

scholarly journals Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) dynamics in the Welsh Marches during the mid to late-Holocene

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362199465
Author(s):  
Dael Sassoon ◽  
William J Fletcher ◽  
Alastair Hotchkiss ◽  
Fern Owen ◽  
Liting Feng
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
Peat Core ◽  
New Information ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pollen Records

Around 4000 cal yr BP, Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) suffered a widespread demise across the British Isles. This paper presents new information about P. sylvestris populations found in the Welsh Marches (western central Britain), for which the long-term history and origins are poorly known. Two new pollen records were produced from the Lin Can Moss ombrotrophic bog (LM18) and the Breidden Hill pond (BH18). The LM18 peat core is supported by loss-on-ignition, humification analysis and radiocarbon dating. Lead concentrations were used to provide an estimated timeframe for the recent BH18 record. In contrast to many other Holocene pollen records from the British Isles, analysis of LM18 reveals that Scots pine grains were deposited continuously between c. 6900–300 cal yr BP, at frequencies of 0.3–5.4%. It is possible that individual Scots pine trees persisted through the wider demise on thin soils of steep drought-prone crags of hills or the fringes of lowland bogs in the Welsh Marches. At BH18, the record indicates a transition from broadleaved to mixed woodland, including conifer species introduced around AD 1850 including Picea and Pinus. The insights from BH18 suggest that the current populations may largely be the result of planting. Comparison of the LM18 findings with other regional pollen records highlights consistent patterns, including a Mid-Holocene maximum (ca. 7000 cal yr BP), long-term persistence at low pollen percentages and a Late-Holocene minimum (ca. 3000 cal yr BP). These distinctive trends encourage further studies on refugial areas for Scots pine in this region and elsewhere.

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