scholarly journals An alternative interpretation of the slow KaiB-KaiC binding of the cyanobacterial clock proteins

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Koda ◽  
Shinji Saito

ABSTRACTThe biological clock of cyanobacteria is composed of three proteins, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC. The KaiB-KaiC binding brings the slowness into the system, which is essential for the long period of the circadian rhythm. However, there is no consensus as to the origin of the slowness due to the pre-binding conformational transition of either KaiB or KaiC. In this study, we propose a simple KaiB-KaiC binding scheme in a hexameric form with an attractive interaction between adjacent bound KaiB monomers, which is independent of KaiB’s conformational change. We then show that the present scheme can explain several important experimental results on the binding, including that used as evidence for the slow conformational transition of KaiB. The present result thus indicates that the slowness arises from KaiC rather than KaiB.

2006 ◽  
Vol 172 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawdat Al-Bassam ◽  
Mark van Breugel ◽  
Stephen C. Harrison ◽  
Anthony Hyman

Stu2p from budding yeast belongs to the conserved Dis1/XMAP215 family of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The common feature of proteins in this family is the presence of HEAT repeat–containing TOG domains near the NH2 terminus. We have investigated the functions of the two TOG domains of Stu2p in vivo and in vitro. Our data suggest that Stu2p regulates microtubule dynamics through two separate activities. First, Stu2p binds to a single free tubulin heterodimer through its first TOG domain. A large conformational transition in homodimeric Stu2p from an open structure to a closed one accompanies the capture of a single free tubulin heterodimer. Second, Stu2p has the capacity to associate directly with microtubule ends, at least in part, through its second TOG domain. These two properties lead to the stabilization of microtubules in vivo, perhaps by the loading of tubulin dimers at microtubule ends. We suggest that this mechanism of microtubule regulation is a conserved feature of the Dis1/XMAP215 family of MAPs.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Lim ◽  
Wen Bin Ji ◽  
Swee Chuan Tjin

A new structure of Long-Period Gratings (LPGs) sensor is introduced as a sensitive ambient RI sensor. This structure consists of creating periodic corrugations on the cladding of the LPG. The experimental results show that this LPG structure has good performances in terms of linearity and sensitivity and serves as a highly sensitive and cost-effective sensor. It also has the advantage of portability as the corrugation can also serve as the reservoir for the specimen collection to be tested.


1940 ◽  
Vol 44 (351) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Donely ◽  
C. C. Shufflebarger

SummaryTests were made in the N.A.C.A. gust tunnel to determine the effectiveness of a long-period dynamically overbalanced flap in reducing aeroplane accelerations due to atmospheric gusts. For two gust shapes, one gust velocity, one forward velocity, and one wing loading, a series of flights was made with the flap locked and was then repeated with the flap free to operate. The records obtained were evaluated by routine methods.The results indicate that the flap reduced the maximum acceleration increment 39 per cent, for a severe gust with a representative gust gradient distance of 8 chord lengths and that, for an extreme gust shape (a sharp-edge gust), the reduction was only 3 per cent. The results also indicate that the flap tended to reduce the longitudinal stability of the aeroplane. Computations made of the effectiveness and the action of the flap were in good agreement with the experimental results.


Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Victor G Bruce

ABSTRACT Mutants affecting the period length of the biological clock in Chlamydomonas reinhardi have been isolated and a start has been made on analyzing the genetics of this system. In four mutants, the long period characteristic seems to be controlled by single genes at separate loci. Crosses between single mutants, as well as crosses involving three or four mutant genes, yielded progeny with periods characteristic of the parents as well as recombinant types, including normal period (wild type) and extra-long periods (double, triple and quadruple mutants). It was found that the period lengthening effect is additive; that is, the period of double mutants is lengthened by the sum of the period lengthening of the single mutants.


UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Durinézio José de Almeida ◽  
Tays Caroline Duma ◽  
André Luiz Snak ◽  
Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas

O ciclo sono-vigília é parte do ritmo circadiano do indivíduo, sendo de grande valia para um bom funcionamento do organismo. Sua regularidade e eficiência, bem como uma fuga dessas pode levar a grandes alterações em todos os outros mecanismos sono dependentes. O ciclo que regula o sono é influenciado por fatores endógenos (relógio biológico baseado nos clock genes) e fatores exógenos ou ambientais (Zeitgebers). O período de sono é de suma importância para a saúde física e mental, interferências acarretam uma série de efeitos negativos ao organismo em questão. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura especializada, inicialmente, levantando parâmetros gerais fisiológicos, que envolvem a cronobiologia, em seguida, a caracterização dos cronotipos e a sua variação entre os grupos populacionais, dando ênfase para estudantes universitários de períodos do dia diferentes, destacando-se os cronotipos, que mais aparecem no público mencionado. Entre os existentes (matutino, indiferente e vespertino), o predominante na população estudada é o indiferente, seguido do vespertino e matutino. Há fatores fisiológicos que são fortemente influenciados pelo cronotipo como as acrofases de temperatura corporal e liberação de cortisol, bem como o horário de início da liberação de melatonina (hormônio do sono), em que se percebeu que tais fatores são adiantados no indivíduo matutino em relação ao vespertino em aproximadamente duas horas. É de grande importância a identificação dos cronotipos, em cada indivíduo, para uma correta alocação de atividades relacionadas ao ritmo circadiano, visando um maior aproveitamento do mesmo, bem como não prejudicando processos de aprendizado e de decodificação de informações. Palavras-chave: Cronotipo. Universitários. Fisiologia. Qualidade do Sono. AbstractThe sleep-wake cycle is part of the individual’s circadian rhythm, being of paramount importance for a good functioning of the organism. Its regularity and efficiency as well as an escape from these can lead to major changes in all the other sleep dependent mechanisms. The cycle that regulates sleep is influenced by endogenous factors (biological clock based on clock genes) and exogenous (or environmental, Zeitgebers) factors. The sleep period is of paramount importance to the physical and mental health, interferences entail a series of negative effects to the organism in question. The objective of the present work was to perform a review of specialized literature, initially raising general physiological parameters involving chronobiology, then characterizing chronotypes and their variation among population groups, with emphasis on university students, especially chronotypes that appear more often in the aforementioned public. Among the existing ones (morning, indifferent and evening), the predominant in the studied population is the indifferent, followed by the evening and morning ones. There are physiological factors that are strongly influenced by the chronotype as the acrophases of body temperature and cortisol release, as well as the start time of the  melatonin release (sleep hormone), where it was perceived that such factors are advanced in the morning individual in relation to  the afternoon in about two hours. It is of great importance to identify the chronotypes in each individual for a correct activities allocation related to the circadian rhythm, aiming a greater use of the same as well as not harming learning processes and information decoding. Keywords: Chronotype. University students. Physiology. Sleep Quality. 


Author(s):  
Shaoxiang Chen ◽  
Yu-Gang Jiang

This paper presents an efficient algorithm to tackle temporal localization of activities in videos via sentence queries. The task differs from traditional action localization in three aspects: (1) Activities are combinations of various kinds of actions and may span a long period of time. (2) Sentence queries are not limited to a predefined list of classes. (3) The videos usually contain multiple different activity instances. Traditional proposal-based approaches for action localization that only consider the class-agnostic “actionness” of video snippets are insufficient to tackle this task. We propose a novel Semantic Activity Proposal (SAP) which integrates the semantic information of sentence queries into the proposal generation process to get discriminative activity proposals. Visual and semantic information are jointly utilized for proposal ranking and refinement. We evaluate our algorithm on the TACoS dataset and the Charades-STA dataset. Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms existing methods on both datasets, and at the same time reduces the number of proposals by a factor of at least 10.


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