scholarly journals Decision making in auditory externalization perception

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Baumgartner ◽  
Piotr Majdak
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Perceptual Inference ◽  
Inference Problem ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
Hearing Devices ◽  
Error Accumulation

AbstractUnder natural listening conditions, humans perceptually attribute sounds to external objects in their environment. This core function of perceptual inference is often distorted when sounds are produced via hearing devices such as headphones or hearing aids, resulting in sources being perceived unrealistically close or even inside the head. Psychoacoustic studies suggest a mixed role of various cues contributing to the externalization process. We developed a model framework able to probe the contribution of cue-specific prediction errors and to contrast dynamic versus static decision strategies underlying externalization perception. The model was applied to various acoustic distortions with constant reverberation. Our results suggest that the decisions follow a static, weighted accumulation of prediction errors for both monaural and interaural spectral shapes, without a significant contribution of other auditory cues. The weighted error accumulation supports generalizability of predictive processing theory to the perceptual inference problem of spatial hearing.Impact StatementA static rather than dynamic weighting of sensory prediction errors explains the inability to attribute auditory sensations to external sound sources.

scholarly journals Decision making in auditory externalization perception: model predictions for static conditions

Acta Acustica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Robert Baumgartner ◽  
Piotr Majdak
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Perceptual Inference ◽  
Spectral Cues ◽  
Hearing Devices ◽  
Listening Environments ◽  
Static Conditions

Under natural conditions, listeners perceptually attribute sounds to external objects in their environment. This core function of perceptual inference is often distorted when sounds are produced via hearing devices such as headphones or hearing aids, resulting in sources being perceived unrealistically close or even inside the head. Psychoacoustic studies suggest a mixed role of various monaural and interaural cues contributing to the externalization process. We developed a model framework for perceptual externalization able to probe the contribution of cue-specific expectation errors and to contrast dynamic versus static strategies for combining those errors within static listening environments. Effects of reverberation and visual information were not considered. The model was applied to various acoustic distortions as tested under various spatially static conditions in five previous experiments. Most accurate predictions were obtained for the combination of monaural and interaural spectral cues with a fixed relative weighting (approximately 60% of monaural and 40% of interaural). That model version was able to reproduce the externalization rating of the five experiments with an average error of 12% (relative to the full rating scale). Further, our results suggest that auditory externalization in spatially static listening situations underlies a fixed weighting of monaural and interaural spectral cues, rather than a dynamic selection of those auditory cues.

Foundations of Language Development in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Infants

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Dani Levine ◽  
Daniela Avelar ◽  
Roberta Michnick Golinkoff ◽  
Kathy Hirsh-Pasek ◽  
Derek M. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Hearing Devices ◽  
Language Input ◽  
Hearing Children

Copious evidence indicates that, even in the first year of life, children’s language development is beginning and is impacted by a wide array of cognitive and social processes. The extent to which these processes are dependent on early language input is a critical concern for most deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children, who, unlike hearing children, are usually not immersed in a language-rich environment until effective interventions, such as hearing aids or cochlear implants, are implemented. Importantly, some cognitive and social processes are not dependent on the early availability of language input and begin to develop before children are fitted for hearing aids or cochlear implants. Interventions involving parent training may be helpful for enhancing social underpinnings of language and for maximizing DHH children’s language learning once effective hearing devices are in place. Similarly, cognitive training for DHH children may also provide benefit to bolster language development.

scholarly journals Psychomotor Predictive Processing

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Stephen Fox
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Primary Contribution ◽  
Planning And Operation

Psychomotor experience can be based on what people predict they will experience, rather than on sensory inputs. It has been argued that disconnects between human experience and sensory inputs can be addressed better through further development of predictive processing theory. In this paper, the scope of predictive processing theory is extended through three developments. First, by going beyond previous studies that have encompassed embodied cognition but have not addressed some fundamental aspects of psychomotor functioning. Second, by proposing a scientific basis for explaining predictive processing that spans objective neuroscience and subjective experience. Third, by providing an explanation of predictive processing that can be incorporated into the planning and operation of systems involving robots and other new technologies. This is necessary because such systems are becoming increasingly common and move us farther away from the hunter-gatherer lifestyles within which our psychomotor functioning evolved. For example, beliefs that workplace robots are threatening can generate anxiety, while wearing hardware, such as augmented reality headsets and exoskeletons, can impede the natural functioning of psychomotor systems. The primary contribution of the paper is the introduction of a new formulation of hierarchical predictive processing that is focused on psychomotor functioning.

scholarly journals Improved estimation of direction of arrival of sound sources for hearing aids using gyroscopic information

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Boyd ◽  
William M. Whitmer ◽  
W. Owen Brimijoin ◽  
Michael A. Akeroyd
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Direction Of Arrival ◽  
Sound Sources

The Embodiment of Concepts

2018 ◽  
pp. 640-660
Author(s):  
Michiel Van Elk ◽  
Harold Bekkering
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Conceptual Representation ◽  
Recurrent Processing ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Prior Models ◽  
Processing Framework

We characterize theories of conceptual representation as embodied, disembodied, or hybrid according to their stance on a number of different dimensions: the nature of concepts, the relation between language and concepts, the function of concepts, the acquisition of concepts, the representation of concepts, and the role of context. We propose to extend an embodied view of concepts, by taking into account the importance of multimodal associations and predictive processing. We argue that concepts are dynamically acquired and updated, based on recurrent processing of prediction error signals in a hierarchically structured network. Concepts are thus used as prior models to generate multimodal expectations, thereby reducing surprise and enabling greater precision in the perception of exemplars. This view places embodied theories of concepts in a novel predictive processing framework, by highlighting the importance of concepts for prediction, learning and shaping categories on the basis of prediction errors.

scholarly journals Totally Implantable Hearing Devices

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Mohan Kameswaran ◽  
S Raghunandhan
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Auditory Rehabilitation ◽  
Hearing Devices ◽  
Implantable Hearing Aids

Abstract Hearing aids are the principal means of auditory rehabilitation for patients with moderate to severe sensori-neural hearing loss. Although technical improvements and modifications have improved the fidelity of conventional aids, hearing aids still have many limitations including the inherent self consciousness and social stigma attached to visible hearing aids. The recently introduced totally implantable hearing aids offer patients with hearing loss several potential advantages over conventional hearing aids. This article reviews the indications, surgical procedure, advantages and the current status of totally implantable hearing devices.

scholarly journals Young Infants Process Prediction Errors at the Theta Rhythm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Köster ◽  
Miriam Langeloh ◽  
Christine Michel ◽  
Stefanie Hoehl
Keyword(s):  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Unexpected Events ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Human Brain Development ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Infant Brain ◽  
Process Prediction

AbstractExamining how young infants respond to unexpected events is key to our understanding of their emerging concepts about the world around them. From a predictive processing perspective, it is intriguing to investigate how the infant brain responds to unexpected events (i.e., prediction errors), because they require infants to refine their predictive models about the environment. Here, to better understand prediction error processes in the infant brain, we presented 9-month-olds (N = 36) a variety of physical and social events with unexpected versus expected outcomes, while recording their electroencephalogram. We found a pronounced response in the ongoing 4 – 5 Hz theta rhythm for the processing of unexpected (in contrast to expected) events, for a prolonged time window (2 s) and across all scalp-recorded electrodes. The condition difference in the theta rhythm was not related to the condition difference in infants’ event-related activity on the negative central (Nc) component (.4 – .6 s), which has been described in former studies. These findings constitute critical evidence that the theta rhythm is involved in the processing of prediction errors from very early in human brain development, which may support infants’ refinement of basic concepts about the physical and social environment.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Hearing Aid Adoption

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 006-020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Jorgensen ◽  
Michelle Novak
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Consumer Knowledge ◽  
Increase Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Hearing Devices

AbstractIn the field of audiology, change is inevitable: changes in technologies with hearing devices, changes in consumer knowledge, and changes in consumer-driven solutions. With these changes, the audiologist must adapt to meet the needs of the consumer. There are potential predictors that the audiologist could use to determine who is more likely to pursue and use amplification; by using these data, the audiologists may increase their productivity and increase patient satisfaction. The goal of this article is to investigate the MarkeTrak 10 (MT10) data to determine the trends in adoption and use of hearing aids as well as examine predictive factors that can be used to determine hearing aid adoption.

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