scholarly journals Post-transcriptional regulation of cellulose synthase genes by small RNAs derived from CESA antisense transcripts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Nething ◽  
John W. Mishler-Elmore ◽  
Michael A. Held
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Antisense Transcripts ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms

AbstractTranscriptional regulatory mechanisms governing plant cell wall biosynthesis are incomplete. Expression programs that activate wall biosynthesis are well understood, but mechanisms that control the attenuation of gene expression networks remain elusive. Previous work has shown that small RNAs (sRNAs) derived from the HvCESA6 (Hordeum vulgare, Hv) antisense transcripts are naturally produced and are capable of regulating aspects of wall biosynthesis. Here, we further test the hypothesis that CESA-derived sRNAs generated from CESA antisense transcripts are involved in the regulation of cellulose and broader cell wall biosynthesis. Antisense transcripts were detected for some, but not all members of the CESA gene family in both barley and Brachypodium distachyon. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that antisense transcripts are detected for most primary cell wall CESA genes, suggesting a possible role in the transition from primary to secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Focusing on one antisense transcript, HvCESA1 shows dynamic expression throughout development, is correlated with corresponding sRNAs over the same period and is anticorrelated with HvCESA1 mRNA expression. To assess the broader impacts of CESA-derived sRNAs on the regulation of cell wall biosynthesis, transcript profiling was performed on barley tissues overexpressing CESA-derived sRNAs. Together the data support the hypothesis that CESA antisense transcripts function, through an RNA-induced silencing mechanism, to degrade cis transcripts, and may also trigger trans-acting silencing on related genes to alter the expression of cell wall gene networks.

scholarly journals AtSYP71 Is Important for Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Stress Adaptation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue Kou ◽  
Hailong Zhang ◽  
Xiaonan Zhao ◽  
Mingjing Wang ◽  
Guochen Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Confocal Images

Abstract Background: SYP71, the plant-specific Qc-SNARE protein, is reported to regulate vesicle trafficking. SYP71 is localized on the ER, endosome, plasma membrane and cell plate, suggesting its multiple functions. Lotus SYP71 is essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in nodules. AtSYP71, GmSYP71 and OsSYP71 are implicated in plant resistance to pathogenesis. To date, SYP71 regulatory role on plant development remain unclear.Results: AtSYP71-knockout mutant atsyp71-4 was lethal at early development stage. Early development of AtSYP71-knockdown mutant atsyp71-2 was delayed, and stress response was also affected. Confocal images revealed that protein secretion was blocked in atsyp71-2. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that metabolism, response to environmental stimuli pathways and apoplast components were influenced in atsyp71-2. Moreover, the contents of lignin, cellulose and flavonoids as well as cell wall structures were also altered.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that AtSYP71 is essential for plant development. AtSYP71 probably regulates plant development, metabolism and environmental adaptation by affecting cell wall homeostasis via mediating secretion of materials and regulators required for cell wall biosynthesis and dynamics.

scholarly journals Catalysts of plant cell wall loosening

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Wall Loosening

The growing cell wall in plants has conflicting requirements to be strong enough to withstand the high tensile forces generated by cell turgor pressure while selectively yielding to those forces to induce wall stress relaxation, leading to water uptake and polymer movements underlying cell wall expansion. In this article, I review emerging concepts of plant primary cell wall structure, the nature of wall extensibility and the action of expansins, family-9 and -12 endoglucanases, family-16 xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH), and pectin methylesterases, and offer a critical assessment of their wall-loosening activity

Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis: Making the Bricks

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika S. Doblin ◽  
Claudia E. Vergara ◽  
Steve Read ◽  
ED Newbigin ◽  
Antony Bacic
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis

scholarly journals The Role of Brachypodium distachyon Wall-Associated Kinases (WAKs) in Cell Expansion and Stress Responses

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2478
Author(s):  
Xingwen Wu ◽  
Antony Bacic ◽  
Kim L. Johnson ◽  
John Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cell Integrity

The plant cell wall plays a critical role in signaling responses to environmental and developmental cues, acting as both the sensing interface and regulator of plant cell integrity. Wall-associated kinases (WAKs) are plant receptor-like kinases located at the wall—plasma membrane—cytoplasmic interface and implicated in cell wall integrity sensing. WAKs in Arabidopsis thaliana have been shown to bind pectins in different forms under various conditions, such as oligogalacturonides (OG)s in stress response, and native pectin during cell expansion. The mechanism(s) WAKs use for sensing in grasses, which contain relatively low amounts of pectin, remains unclear. WAK genes from the model monocot plant, Brachypodium distachyon were identified. Expression profiling during early seedling development and in response to sodium salicylate and salt treatment was undertaken to identify WAKs involved in cell expansion and response to external stimuli. The BdWAK2 gene displayed increased expression during cell expansion and stress response, in addition to playing a potential role in the hypersensitive response. In vitro binding assays with various forms of commercial polysaccharides (pectins, xylans, and mixed-linkage glucans) and wall-extracted fractions (pectic/hemicellulosic/cellulosic) from both Arabidopsis and Brachypodium leaf tissues provided new insights into the binding properties of BdWAK2 and other candidate BdWAKs in grasses. The BdWAKs displayed a specificity for the acidic pectins with similar binding characteristics to the AtWAKs.

scholarly journals Identification of an algal xylan synthase indicates that there is functional orthology between algal and plant cell wall biosynthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (3) ◽  
pp. 1049-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Krüger Jensen ◽  
Marta Busse-Wicher ◽  
Christian Peter Poulsen ◽  
Jonatan Ulrik Fangel ◽  
Peter James Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Transcriptional and Metabolomic Analyses Indicate that Cell Wall Properties are Associated with Drought Tolerance in Brachypodium distachyon

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Lenk ◽  
Lorraine Fisher ◽  
Martin Vickers ◽  
Aderemi Akinyemi ◽  
Thomas Didion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Pectin Acetylesterase ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Cell Wall Properties ◽  
Go Terms

Brachypodium distachyon is an established model for drought tolerance. We previously identified accessions exhibiting high tolerance, susceptibility and intermediate tolerance to drought; respectively, ABR8, KOZ1 and ABR4. Transcriptomics and metabolomic approaches were used to define tolerance mechanisms. Transcriptional analyses suggested relatively few drought responsive genes in ABR8 compared to KOZ1. Linking these to gene ontology (GO) terms indicated enrichment for “regulated stress response”, “plant cell wall” and “oxidative stress” associated genes. Further, tolerance correlated with pre-existing differences in cell wall-associated gene expression including glycoside hydrolases, pectin methylesterases, expansins and a pectin acetylesterase. Metabolomic assessments of the same samples also indicated few significant changes in ABR8 with drought. Instead, pre-existing differences in the cell wall-associated metabolites correlated with drought tolerance. Although other features, e.g., jasmonate signaling were suggested in our study, cell wall-focused events appeared to be predominant. Our data suggests two different modes through which the cell wall could confer drought tolerance: (i) An active response mode linked to stress induced changes in cell wall features, and (ii) an intrinsic mode where innate differences in cell wall composition and architecture are important. Both modes seem to contribute to ABR8 drought tolerance. Identification of the exact mechanisms through which the cell wall confers drought tolerance will be important in order to inform development of drought tolerant crops.

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