scholarly journals Moving Beyond a Peak Mentality: Plateaus, Shoulders, Oscillations and Other ‘Anomalous’ Behavior-Driven Shapes in COVID-19 Outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Weitz ◽  
Sang Woo Park ◽  
Ceyhun Eksin ◽  
Jonathan Dushoff
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Local Levels

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 200,000 reported deaths globally, of which more than 50,000 have been reported in the United States. Public health interventions have had significant impacts in reducing transmission and in averting even more deaths. Nonetheless, in many jurisdictions (both at national and local levels) the decline of cases and fatalities after apparent epidemic peaks has not been rapid. Instead, the asymmetric decline in cases appears, in some cases, to be consistent with plateau- or shoulder-like phenomena. Here we explore a model of fatality-driven awareness in which individual protective measures increase with death rates. In this model, epidemic dynamics can be characterized by plateaus, shoulders, and lag-driven oscillations after exponential rises at the outset of disease dynamics. We also show that incorporating long-term awareness can avoid peak resurgence and accelerate epidemic decline. We suggest that awareness of the severity of the short- and long-term epidemic is likely to play a critical role in disease dynamics, beyond that imposed by intervention-driven policies.

California High-Speed Rail

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jeff Morales
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Rail Station

California has started construction on the first true high-speed rail system in the United States. In this chapter, the CEO of the California High-Speed Rail Authority describes how the state's historic investment in new high-speed rail infrastructure will benefit Californians. Benefits include job creation, statewide modernization of existing local rail lines, short and long-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, preservation of agricultural land and environmentally sensitive habitats, advanced clean and green construction practices and technologies, a commitment to 100% renewable energy use, and assistance to partner cities on transit-oriented planning for high-speed rail station areas.

Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Susan D. Housholder-Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Recommended Care ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Pharmacologic Management ◽  
Short And Long Term

Of the nearly 1.4 million hospitalizations for acute coronary syndromes in 2006, approximately two-thirds were for unstable angina (UA) or non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Given the high risk for in-hospital ischemic events and late mortality in patients with UA/NSTEMI, it is critical to accurately and rapidly diagnose these patients, stratify their level of risk, and provide appropriate pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment that maximizes anti-ischemic benefit and minimizes risk of bleeding. Appropriate in-hospital care following intervention is critical for optimizing both short- and long-term outcomes. However, evidence suggests that up to 26% of opportunities to provide guidelines-recommended care are missed. Nurses can play a critical role in ensuring that patients receive guidelines-based care. This review examines the most recent recommendations for the diagnosis and pharmacologic management of patients with UA/NSTEMI and discusses ways in which nursing staff can contribute to minimizing patient risk and optimizing patient benefit.

scholarly journals Influences on Attitudes Regarding Potential COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall Pogue ◽  
Jamie L. Jensen ◽  
Carter K. Stancil ◽  
Daniel G. Ferguson ◽  
Savannah J. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to ravage the world, with the United States being highly affected. A vaccine provides the best hope for a permanent solution to controlling the pandemic. However, to be effective, a vaccine must be accepted and used by a large majority of the population. The aim of this study was to understand the attitudes towards and obstacles facing vaccination with a potential COVID-19 vaccine. To measure these attitudes a survey was administered to 316 respondents across the United States by a survey corporation. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships of several factors with attitudes toward potential COVID-19 vaccination. Prior vaccine usage and attitudes predicted attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Assessment of the severity of COVID-19 for the United States was also predictive. Approximately 68% of all respondents were supportive of being vaccinated for COVID-19, but side effects, efficacy and length of testing remained concerns. Longer testing, increased efficacy and development in the United States were significantly associated with increased vaccine acceptance. Messages promoting COVID-19 vaccination should seek to alleviate the concerns of those who are already vaccine-hesitant. Messaging directed at the benefits of vaccination for the United States as a country would address the second predictive factor. Enough time should be taken to allay concerns about both short- and long-term side effects before a vaccine is released.

Effects of Sterilization Techniques and Culture Time on the Creep of Collagenous Ligament Analogues

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl A. Dickerson ◽  
Kay C. Dee ◽  
Glen A. Livesay
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Active Patients

Every year, approximately 200,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries occur in the United States; of these cases, 60,000–75,000 patients undergo ACL reconstruction [1]. The ACL plays a critical role in knee stability; however, it possesses little inherent capacity for healing. Although reconstruction is often used in active patients, issues such as donor site morbidity and long term joint stability have motivated interest in tissue-engineered ligament analogues.

Predicting the Short- and Long-Term Helpfulness of Premarital Counseling: The Critical Role of Counseling Quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
Anthony B. Walker ◽  
R. Roudi Nazarinia ◽  
Darwin A. West ◽  
Cynthia Atwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Premarital Counseling ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Short- and long-term associations between widowhood and mortality in the United States: longitudinal analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robin Moon ◽  
M. Maria Glymour ◽  
Anusha M. Vable ◽  
Sze Y. Liu ◽  
S. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Short And Long Term
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