scholarly journals Associations with covid-19 hospitalisation amongst 406,793 adults: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P Khawaja ◽  
Alasdair N Warwick ◽  
Pirro G Hysi ◽  
Alan Kastner ◽  
Andrew Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Asian Ethnicity ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESTo identify the sociodemographic, lifestyle, comorbidity and antihypertensive medication associations with the development of hospitalisation with covid-19 in an English population.DESIGNProspective cohort studySETTINGThe population-based UK Biobank study was linked to English covid-19 test results.PARTICIPANTSIndividuals resident in England and alive in 2020.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESCases (n=605) were defined by a positive covid-19 test result conducted between 16th March and 16th April 2020, during a restricted testing policy for hospitalised individuals with severe disease.RESULTSA total of 406,793 participants were included. Mean age on 1st January 2020 was 68 years (range 48 to 85 years). 55% were women. In multivariable models, major independent risk factors for hospitalisation with covid-19 were male sex (odds ratio 1.52; 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 1.81; P<0.001), South Asian ethnicity (2.02; 1.28 to 3.17; P=0.002) or black ethnicity (3.09; 2.18 to 4.38; P<0.001) compared to white ethnicity, greater residential deprivation (1.92 for most deprived quartile compared to least deprived quartile; 1.50 to 2.47; P<0.001), higher BMI (2.04 for BMI >35 compared to <25 Kg/m2; 1.50 to 2.77; P<0.001), former smoking (1.39 compared to never smoked; 1.16 to 1.66; P<0.001), and comorbidities hypertension (1.28; 1.06 to 1.53; P=0.009) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.81; 1.34 to 2.44; P<0.001). Increased risk was observed with increasing number of antihypertensive medications used rather than any individual class.CONCLUSIONUnderstanding why these factors confer increased risk of severe covid-19 in the population may help elucidate the underlying mechanisms as well as inform strategy and policy to prevent this disease and its consequences. We found no evidence of increased risk with specific classes of antihypertensive medication.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of non-cystic-fibrosis bronchiectasis in multiethnic Singapore: A prospective cohort study at a tertiary pulmonology centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 556-565
Author(s):  
Si Ling Young ◽  
Youxin Puan ◽  
Si Yuan Chew ◽  
Haja Mohideen Salahudeen Mohamed ◽  
Pei Yee Tiew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a highly heterogenous disease. We describe the clinical characteristics of NCFB patients and evaluate the performance of Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) in predicting mortality. Methods: Patients attending the bronchiectasis clinic between August 2015 and April 2020 with radiologically proven bronchiectasis on computed tomography were recruited. Clinical characteristics, spirometry, radiology, microbiology and clinical course over a median period of 2.4 years is presented. Results: A total of 168 patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. They were predominantly women (67.8%), Chinese (87.5%) and never-smokers (76.9%). Median age of diagnosis was 64 years (interquartile range 56–71) and the most common aetiology was “idiopathic” bronchiectasis (44.6%). Thirty-nine percent had normal spirometries. Compared to female patients, there were more smokers among the male patients (53.8% versus 8.5%, P<0.001) and a significantly larger proportion with post-tuberculous bronchiectasis (37.0% vs 15.8%, P=0.002). Fifty-five percent of our cohort had a history of haemoptysis. Lower body mass index, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ever-smoker status, modified Reiff score, radiological severity and history of exacerbations were risk factors for mortality. Survival was significantly shorter in patients with severe bronchiectasis (BSI>9) compared to those with mild or moderate disease (BSI<9). The hazard ratio for severe disease (BSI>9) compared to mild disease (BSI 0–4) was 14.8 (confidence interval 1.929–114.235, P=0.01). Conclusion: The NCFB cohort in Singapore has unique characteristics with sex differences. Over half the patients had a history of haemoptysis. The BSI score is a useful predictor of mortality in our population. Keywords: Bronchiectasis, exacerbations, gender, haemoptysis, mortality, Reiff score, sex

scholarly journals Underlying cardiopulmonary conditions as a risk factor for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection among community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years in Thailand: Findings from a two-year prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabda Praphasiri ◽  
Manash Shrestha ◽  
Jayanton Patumanond ◽  
Sutthichai Nakphook ◽  
Sutthinan Chawalchitiporn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background: Adults with cardiopulmonary conditions are at increased risk for complications from influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, but few data are available from middle-income countries. Methods: Using data from a prospective cohort study of influenza vaccine effectiveness among community-dwelling Thai adults aged ≥65 years, we estimated and compared the incidence of influenza and RSV in those with and without cardiopulmonary conditions. During May 2015-May 2017, older adults in a rural province in Thailand were followed weekly with year-round surveillance for acute respiratory illness (ARI), defined broadly as new onset or worsening of cough with or without fever, and hospitalized ARI. When ill, nasal self-swabs and/or nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. We used Poisson regression to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR), adjusting for age, sex, past healthcare-seeking behavior, weekly influenza activity, and influenza vaccination. Results: Overall, 3,220 adults with a median age of 71 years (IQR 68-76) were enrolled; 1,324 (41.1%) were male; and 313 (9.7%) had ≥1 underlying cardio-pulmonary condition, most commonly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (131; 41.2%) or asthma (73; 23.3%). Compared to those without, participants with cardiopulmonary conditions had higher incidences of ARI, influenza, and RSV (Adjusted IRR: 1.83, 95% CI 1.63-2.05; 1.84, 95% CI 1.05-3.23; 2.02, 95% CI 1.10-3.72, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings show that older adults in rural Thailand with cardiopulmonary conditions have increased rates of ARI, influenza, and RSV infections, and support efforts to ensure this population has access to influenza vaccines and other respiratory illness prevention measures.

scholarly journals OP0051 STRUCTURAL ENTHESEAL LESIONS IN PSORIASIS PATIENTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED RISK OF PROGRESSION TO PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS - A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 33.1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Simon ◽  
K. Tascilar ◽  
A. Kleyer ◽  
S. Bayat ◽  
E. Kampylafka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Advisory Boards ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Increased Risk

Background:We have previously reported that the presence of musculoskeletal pain in psoriasis patients is associated with a higher risk of developing psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (1). Furthermore, a subset of psoriasis patients shows evidence for structural entheseal lesions (SEL) in their hand joints (2), sometimes also referred as “Deep Koebner Phenomenon”, which are highly specific for psoriatic disease and virtually absent in healthy controls, rheumatoid arthritis and hand osteoarthritis patients (2-4). However, it remains unclear whether SEL alone or in combination with musculoskeletal pain are associated with the development of PsA.Objectives:To test whether the presence of SEL in psoriasis patients increases the risk for progression to PsA and how this is related to the presence of musculoskeletal pain.Methods:Psoriasis patients without evidence of PsA were enrolled in a prospective cohort study between 2011 and 2018. All patients underwent baseline assessment of SEL in their 2ndand 3rdMCP joints by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). The risk of PsA development associated with SEL and arthralgia was explored using survival analyses and multivariable Cox regression models.Results:114 psoriasis patients (72 men/42 women) with a mean (SD) follow-up duration of 28.2 (17.7) months were included, 24 of whom developed PsA (9.7 /100 patient-years, 95%CI 6.2 to 14.5) during the observation period. Patients with SEL (N=41) were at higher risk of developing PsA compared to patients without such lesions (21.4/100 patient-years, 95%CI 12.5 to 34.3, HR 5.10, 95%CI 1.53 to 16.99, p=0.008) (Kaplan Meier plot A). Furthermore, while patients without arthralgia and without SEL had a very low progression rate to PsA (1/29; 3.4%), patients with arthralgia but no SEL showed higher progression (5/33; 15.2%), which was in line with previous observations (1) (Kaplan Meier plot B). Presence of SEL further enhanced the risk for progression to PsA both in the absence (6/16; 37.5%) and presence (6/14; 42.8%) of arthralgia with the highest progression rate in those subjects with both arthralgia and SEL (p<0.001 by log rank test for trend) (Kaplan Meier plot B).Conclusion:Presence of SEL is associated with an increased risk of developing PsA in patients with psoriasis. If used together with pain, SEL allow defining subsets of psoriasis patients with very low and very high risk to develop PsA.References:[1]Faustini F et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:2068-2074[2]Simon D et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:660-6[3]Finzel S et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:122-7[4]Finzel S et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:1231-6Disclosure of Interests:David Simon Grant/research support from: Else Kröner-Memorial Scholarship, Novartis, Consultant of: Novartis, Lilly, Koray Tascilar: None declared, Arnd Kleyer Consultant of: Lilly, Gilead, Novartis,Abbvie, Speakers bureau: Novartis, Lilly, Sara Bayat Speakers bureau: Novartis, Eleni Kampylafka Speakers bureau: Novartis, BMS, Janssen, Axel Hueber Grant/research support from: Novartis, Lilly, Pfizer, Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Gilead, GSK, Lilly, Novartis, Speakers bureau: GSK, Lilly, Novartis, Jürgen Rech Consultant of: BMS, Celgene, Novartis, Roche, Chugai, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Biogen, BMS, Celgene, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Chugai, Pfizer, Lilly, Louis Schuster: None declared, Klaus Engel: None declared, Michael Sticherling Grant/research support from: Novartis, Consultant of: Advisory boards Abbvie, Celgene, Janssen Cilag, Lilly, Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Amgen, Leo, Sanofi, UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Celgene, Janssen Cilag, Leo, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Georg Schett Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Roche and UCB

scholarly journals Are people with metabolically healthy obesity really healthy? A prospective cohort study of 381,363 UK Biobank participants

Diabetologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Zhou ◽  
John Macpherson ◽  
Stuart R. Gray ◽  
Jason M. R. Gill ◽  
Paul Welsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Abstract Aims/hypothesis People with obesity and a normal metabolic profile are sometimes referred to as having ‘metabolically healthy obesity’ (MHO). However, whether this group of individuals are actually ‘healthy’ is uncertain. This study aims to examine the associations of MHO with a wide range of obesity-related outcomes. Methods This is a population-based prospective cohort study of 381,363 UK Biobank participants with a median follow-up of 11.2 years. MHO was defined as having a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and at least four of the six metabolically healthy criteria. Outcomes included incident diabetes and incident and fatal atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), heart failure (HF) and respiratory diseases. Results Compared with people who were not obese at baseline, those with MHO had higher incident HF (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.45, 1.75) and respiratory disease (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.16, 1.25) rates, but not higher ASCVD. The associations of MHO were generally weaker for fatal outcomes and only significant for all-cause (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.04, 1.21) and HF mortality rates (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.09, 1.89). However, when compared with people who were metabolically healthy without obesity, participants with MHO had higher rates of incident diabetes (HR 4.32; 95% CI 3.83, 4.89), ASCVD (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.10, 1.27), HF (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.61, 1.92), respiratory diseases (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.24, 1.33) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.14, 1.31). The results with a 5 year landmark analysis were similar. Conclusions/interpretation Weight management should be recommended to all people with obesity, irrespective of their metabolic status, to lower risk of diabetes, ASCVD, HF and respiratory diseases. The term ‘MHO’ should be avoided as it is misleading and different strategies for risk stratification should be explored. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Hormonal and reproductive factors and risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in men: A prospective cohort study within the UK Biobank

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-841
Author(s):  
Úna C. Mc Menamin ◽  
Andrew T. Kunzmann ◽  
Michael B. Cook ◽  
Brian T. Johnston ◽  
Liam J. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

scholarly journals Sleep problems increase the risk of musculoskeletal pain in boys but not girls: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 (11) ◽  
pp. 1711-1719
Author(s):  
Alessandro Andreucci ◽  
Paul Campbell ◽  
Lisa K Mundy ◽  
Susan M Sawyer ◽  
Silja Kosola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
One Year

Abstract Adults with sleep problems are at higher risk for onset of musculoskeletal pain, but the evidence is less clear for children. This prospective cohort study investigated whether children with sleep problems are at higher risk for onset of musculoskeletal pain and explored whether sex is a modifier of this association. In a prospective cohort study of Australian schoolchildren (n = 1239, mean age 9 years), the associations between sleep problems at baseline and new onset of both musculoskeletal pain and persistent musculoskeletal pain (pain lasting > 3 months) 1 year later were investigated using logistic regression. The potential modifying effect of sex was also assessed. One-year incidence proportion for musculoskeletal pain onset is 43% and 7% for persistent musculoskeletal pain. Sleep problems were associated with musculoskeletal pain onset and persistent musculoskeletal pain onset in boys, odds ratio 2.80 (95% CI 1.39, 5.62) and OR 3.70 (1.30, 10.54), respectively, but not girls OR 0.58 (0.28, 1.19) and OR 1.43 (0.41, 4.95), respectively. Conclusions: Rates of musculoskeletal pain are high in children. Boys with sleep problems are at greater risk of onset of musculoskeletal pain, but girls do not appear to have higher risk. Consideration of sleep health may help prevent persistent musculoskeletal pain in children. What is Known:• Sleep problems are associated with the onset of musculoskeletal pain in adults.• It is not clear if the association between sleep problems and the onset of musculoskeletal pain is present also in children and if sex plays a role in this association. What is New:• This is the first large population-based study that has prospectively investigated the relationship between sleep problems and onset of musculoskeletal pain in school-aged children.• Children, especially boys with sleep problems, were at increased risk for the development of persistent musculoskeletal pain.

scholarly journals Predicting the risk of atherosclerosis in patients with cystic fibrosis – rationale and design of a prospective cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-128
Author(s):  
Edyta Mądry ◽  
Jan Nowak ◽  
Andrzej Wykrętowicz ◽  
Ewa Wenska-Chyży ◽  
Anna Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Endogenous Factors

The project “Risk of atherosclerosis in cystic fibrosis in relation to the exogenous and endogenous factors that influence the course of the disease” ranked first in the OPUS2 Competition, as announced in May 2012 by the Polish National Science Center. The total value of the grant is 198,580 PLN (ca. 50,000 EUR). The grant was awarded jointly to the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases and to the Department of Cardiac Intensive Care at Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland. The project will be focused on conducting a prospective cohort study in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and healthy controls. Cases of symptomatic and asymptomatic forms of coronary heart disease in patients with CF were reported [1, 2]; however, no data on the epidemiology of atherosclerosis in patients with CF were published so far. In the past, cardiovascular disease in patients with CF used to be limited to pulmonary heart disease as a consequence of end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [3]. Although hypertension has not yet been officially recognized as a major problem in this population [4], there are reports indicating that it is found in 20% of patients in adult CF care centers [5]. The project is innovative in nature and necessitates close co-operation between cardiology and basic science units.

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