scholarly journals Social signaling via bioluminescent blinks drives schooling behavior in the flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jägers ◽  
Louisa Wagner ◽  
Robin Schütz ◽  
Maximilian Mucke ◽  
Budiono Senen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Neighbor Distance ◽  
Schooling Behavior ◽  
Light Organs ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Distance ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Social Signaling ◽  
Blink Frequency

AbstractThe bioluminescent flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron live in schools of several hundred specimens. To understand how flashlight fish, integrate bioluminescent signaling into their schooling behavior, we analyzed movement profiles and blink frequencies. Isolated specimen of A. katoptron show a high motivation to align with fixed or moving artificial light organs. Depending on presented frequencies A. katoptron responds with a reduction in swimming speed and its own blink frequency. Higher presented blink frequencies reduce the nearest neighbor distance. In the natural environment A. katoptron is changing its blink frequencies and nearest neighbor distance in a context specific manner. Blink frequencies are increased from day to night and during avoidance behavior, while nearest neighbor distance is decreased with increasing blink frequencies. A. katoptron changes its blink frequencies by modifying light organ occlusion. Our results suggest that visually transmitted information via specific blink patterns determine intraspecific communication and group cohesion in schooling A. katoptron.

scholarly journals Social signaling via bioluminescent blinks determines nearest neighbor distance in schools of flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jägers ◽  
Louisa Wagner ◽  
Robin Schütz ◽  
Maximilian Mucke ◽  
Budiono Senen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neighbor Distance ◽  
Occlusion Time ◽  
Light Organs ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Distance ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Social Signaling ◽  
Intraspecific Recognition

AbstractThe schooling flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron can be found at dark nights at the water surface in the Indo-Pacific. Schools are characterized by bioluminescent blink patterns of sub-ocular light organs densely-packed with bioluminescent, symbiotic bacteria. Here we analyzed how blink patterns of A. katoptron are used in social interactions. We demonstrate that isolated specimen of A. katoptron showed a high motivation to align with fixed or moving artificial light organs in an experimental tank. This intraspecific recognition of A. katoptron is mediated by blinking light and not the body shape. In addition, A. katoptron adjusts its blinking frequencies according to the light intensities. LED pulse frequencies determine the swimming speed and the blink frequency response of A. katoptron, which is modified by light organ occlusion and not exposure. In the natural environment A. katoptron is changing its blink frequencies and nearest neighbor distance in a context specific manner. Blink frequencies are also modified by changes in the occlusion time and are increased from day to night and during avoidance behavior, while group cohesion is higher with increasing blink frequencies. Our results suggest that specific blink patterns in schooling flashlight fish A. katoptron define nearest neighbor distance and determine intraspecific communication.

scholarly journals Anomaly Detection Based on Local Nearest Neighbor Distance Descriptor in Crowded Scenes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Hu ◽  
Shiqiang Hu ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Huanlong Zhang ◽  
Lingkun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Compact Representation ◽  
Feature Descriptor ◽  
Neighbor Distance ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Feature Descriptors ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Distance ◽  
Crowded Scenes

We propose a novel local nearest neighbor distance (LNND) descriptor for anomaly detection in crowded scenes. Comparing with the commonly used low-level feature descriptors in previous works, LNND descriptor has two major advantages. First, LNND descriptor efficiently incorporates spatial and temporal contextual information around the video event that is important for detecting anomalous interaction among multiple events, while most existing feature descriptors only contain the information of single event. Second, LNND descriptor is a compact representation and its dimensionality is typically much lower than the low-level feature descriptor. Therefore, not only the computation time and storage requirement can be accordingly saved by using LNND descriptor for the anomaly detection method with offline training fashion, but also the negative aspects caused by using high-dimensional feature descriptor can be avoided. We validate the effectiveness of LNND descriptor by conducting extensive experiments on different benchmark datasets. Experimental results show the promising performance of LNND-based method against the state-of-the-art methods. It is worthwhile to notice that the LNND-based approach requires less intermediate processing steps without any subsequent processing such as smoothing but achieves comparable event better performance.

The spatial pattern of a Juniperus communis var. depressa population on a continental dune in subarctic Québec, Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Houle ◽  
Mario Duchesne
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Neighbor Distance ◽  
Juniperus Communis ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Distance ◽  
Population Dispersion ◽  
Crown Size

We performed a nearest-neighbor analysis to determine the population dispersion pattern and the association between males and females in a Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh population occupying a continental dune in subarctic Quebec, Canada. The overall dispersion pattern was contagious, and males (or females) were proportionately as likely to have a male as they were to have a female nearest neighbor. Crown size was positively related to nearest-neighbor distance for the male-male comparison only, suggesting a somewhat stronger intrasex competition between males. Nearest-neighbor distance increased with crown size (significantly related to age) suggesting a change in the intensity of aggregation with age possibly related to self-thinning. Higher mortality as a result of stronger male-male competition could explain the female-biased sex ratio and the absence of spatial segregation between sexes. The overall contagious dispersion pattern in the population may be related to the fact that most seed cones fall directly underneath the mother plant. Birds can eat the cones of J. communis and thus disperse seeds. However, these seeds are deposited in clumps, a process that may also explain contagion within the population.

scholarly journals Photoluminescence Enhancement and Change in the Second Nearest Neighbor Distance of Sm‐Doped TiO 2 Thin Films

2019 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. 1800522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariko Murayama ◽  
Kensaku Yoda ◽  
Keita Shiraishi ◽  
Iain F. Crowe ◽  
Shuji Komuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Neighbor Distance ◽  
Photoluminescence Enhancement ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Distance

The Statistical Analysis of a Distribution of Activity Points in Relation to Surface-Like Elements

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Okabe ◽  
T Yoshikawa ◽  
A Fujii ◽  
K Oikawa
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Probability Density Function ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Distance Measure ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Spatial Dependency ◽  
Neighbor Distance ◽  
High Class ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Nearest Neighbor Distance

The objective of this paper is to formulate a statistical method of testing the hypothesis that the distribution of activity points (such as retail stores) is independent of location of ‘surface-like’ infrastructural elements (such as parks). In order to do this, first, the probability density function of a distance from a random point to the nearest surface-like element is derived. Second, through the use of this function, a measure, R, of spatial dependency on the surface-like elements is defined as the ratio of the average nearest-neighbor distance to the expected average nearest-neighbor distance. This measure is an extension of the ordinary nearest-neighbor distance measure frequently referred to in geography and ecology. Third, the statistical use of measure R is shown. Fourth, as this measure is difficult to compute geometrically, the computational method of calculating the value of R is developed. Last, by use of this method, a test is conducted to decide whether or not the distribution of high-class apartment buildings in Setagaya, Tokyo, is affected by the location of big parks.

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