Striatal low-threshold spiking interneurons locally gate dopamine during learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth N. Holly ◽  
M. Felicia Davatolhagh ◽  
Rodrigo A. España ◽  
Marc V. Fuccillo
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Striatal Dopamine ◽  
Operant Learning ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Dorsomedial Striatum

Low-threshold spiking interneurons (LTSIs) in the dorsomedial striatum are potent modulators of goal-directed learning. Here, we uncover a novel function for LTSIs in locally and directly gating striatal dopamine, using in vitro fast scan cyclic voltammetry as well as in vivo GRAB-DA sensor imaging and pharmacology during operant learning. We demonstrate that LTSIs, acting via GABAB signaling, attenuate dopamine release, thereby serving as local coordinators of striatal plasticity.

scholarly journals Development of the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration System for intraoperative neurochemical monitoring using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Bledsoe ◽  
Christopher J. Kimble ◽  
Daniel P. Covey ◽  
Charles D. Blaha ◽  
Filippo Agnesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Functional Neurosurgery ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Stimulation Of

Object Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that modulation of specific central neuronal systems contributes to the clinical efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and motor cortex stimulation (MCS). Real-time monitoring of the neurochemical output of targeted regions may therefore advance functional neurosurgery by, among other goals, providing a strategy for investigation of mechanisms, identification of new candidate neurotransmitters, and chemically guided placement of the stimulating electrode. The authors report the development of a device called the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration System (WINCS) for intraoperative neurochemical monitoring during functional neurosurgery. This device supports fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at a carbon-fiber microelectrode (CFM) for real-time, spatially and chemically resolved neurotransmitter measurements in the brain. Methods The FSCV study consisted of a triangle wave scanned between −0.4 and 1 V at a rate of 300 V/second and applied at 10 Hz. All voltages were compared with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The CFM was constructed by aspirating a single carbon fiber (r = 2.5 μm) into a glass capillary and pulling the capillary to a microscopic tip by using a pipette puller. The exposed carbon fiber (that is, the sensing region) extended beyond the glass insulation by ~ 100 μm. The neurotransmitter dopamine was selected as the analyte for most trials. Proof-of-principle tests included in vitro flow injection and noise analysis, and in vivo measurements in urethane-anesthetized rats by monitoring dopamine release in the striatum following high-frequency electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. Direct comparisons were made to a conventional hardwired system. Results The WINCS, designed in compliance with FDA-recognized consensus standards for medical electrical device safety, consisted of 4 modules: 1) front-end analog circuit for FSCV (that is, current-to-voltage transducer); 2) Bluetooth transceiver; 3) microprocessor; and 4) direct-current battery. A Windows-XP laptop computer running custom software and equipped with a Universal Serial Bus–connected Bluetooth transceiver served as the base station. Computer software directed wireless data acquisition at 100 kilosamples/second and remote control of FSCV operation and adjustable waveform parameters. The WINCS provided reliable, high-fidelity measurements of dopamine and other neurochemicals such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and ascorbic acid by using FSCV at CFM and by flow injection analysis. In rats, the WINCS detected subsecond striatal dopamine release at the implanted sensor during high-frequency stimulation of ascending dopaminergic fibers. Overall, in vitro and in vivo testing demonstrated comparable signals to a conventional hardwired electrochemical system for FSCV. Importantly, the WINCS reduced susceptibility to electromagnetic noise typically found in an operating room setting. Conclusions Taken together, these results demonstrate that the WINCS is well suited for intraoperative neurochemical monitoring. It is anticipated that neurotransmitter measurements at an implanted chemical sensor will prove useful for advancing functional neurosurgery.

scholarly journals Design Choices for Next-Generation Neurotechnology Can Impact Motion Artifact in Electrophysiological and Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Measurements

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Nicolai ◽  
Nicholas Michelson ◽  
Megan Settell ◽  
Seth Hara ◽  
James Trevathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Motion Artifact ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Flexible Electrodes ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings

Implantable devices to measure neurochemical or electrical activity from the brain are mainstays of neuroscience research and have become increasingly utilized as enabling components of clinical therapies. In order to increase the number of recording channels on these devices while minimizing the immune response, flexible electrodes under 10 µm in diameter have been proposed as ideal next-generation neural interfaces. However, the representation of motion artifact during neurochemical or electrophysiological recordings using ultra-small, flexible electrodes remains unexplored. In this short communication, we characterize motion artifact generated by the movement of 7 µm diameter carbon fiber electrodes during electrophysiological recordings and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) measurements of electroactive neurochemicals. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrate that artifact induced by motion can be problematic to distinguish from the characteristic signals associated with recorded action potentials or neurochemical measurements. These results underscore that new electrode materials and recording paradigms can alter the representation of common sources of artifact in vivo and therefore must be carefully characterized.

scholarly journals Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that L-DOPA produces dose-dependent, regionally selective bimodal effects on striatal dopamine kinetics in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashed Harun ◽  
Kristin M. Hare ◽  
Elizabeth M. Brough ◽  
Miranda J. Munoz ◽  
Christine M. Grassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Striatal Dopamine ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Kinetics In Vivo

scholarly journals Ability of 5-HT4 receptor ligands to modulate rat striatal dopamine release in vitro and in vivo

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda J. Steward ◽  
Jian Ge ◽  
Rebecca L. Stowe ◽  
D. Charles Brown ◽  
Rachel K. Bruton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Striatal Dopamine ◽  
Receptor Ligands ◽  
Striatal Dopamine Release ◽  
Release In Vitro

scholarly journals Real-Time Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Detection and Quantification of Exogenously Administered Melatonin in Mice Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Castagnola ◽  
Elaine M. Robbins ◽  
Kevin M. Woeppel ◽  
Moriah McGuier ◽  
Asiyeh Golabchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Brain

Melatonin (MT) has been recently considered an excellent candidate for the treatment of sleep disorders, neural injuries, and neurological diseases. To better investigate the actions of MT in various brain functions, real-time detection of MT concentrations in specific brain regions is much desired. Previously, we have demonstrated detection of exogenously administered MT in anesthetized mouse brain using square wave voltammetry (SWV). Here, for the first time, we show successful detection of exogenous MT in the brain using fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) on electrochemically pre-activated carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFEs). In vitro evaluation showed the highest sensitivity (28.1 nA/μM) and lowest detection limit (20.2 ± 4.8 nM) ever reported for MT detection at carbon surface. Additionally, an extensive CFE stability and fouling assessment demonstrated that a prolonged CFE pre-conditioning stabilizes the background, in vitro and in vivo, and provides consistent CFE sensitivity over time even in the presence of a high MT concentration. Finally, the stable in vivo background, with minimized CFE fouling, allows us to achieve a drift-free FSCV detection of exogenous administered MT in mouse brain over a period of 3 min, which is significantly longer than the duration limit (usually < 90 s) for traditional in vivo FSCV acquisition. The MT concentration and dynamics measured by FSCV are in good agreement with SWV, while microdialysis further validated the concentration range. These results demonstrated reliable MT detection using FSCV that has the potential to monitor MT in the brain over long periods of time.

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