Effective connectivity and spatial selectivity-dependent fMRI changes elicited by microstimulation of pulvinar and LIP

AbstractThe thalamic pulvinar and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) share reciprocal anatomical connections and are part of an extensive cortical and subcortical network involved in spatial attention and oculomotor processing. The goal of this study was to compare the effective connectivity of dorsal pulvinar (dPul) and LIP and to probe the dependency of microstimulation effects on task demands and spatial tuning properties of a given brain region. To this end, we applied unilateral electrical microstimulation in the dPul and LIP in combination with event-related BOLD fMRI in monkeys performing fixation and memory-guided saccade tasks. Microstimulation in both dPul and LIP enhanced task-related activity in monosynaptically-connected prefrontal cortex and along the superior temporal sulcus (STS) as well as in extrastriate cortex. Both dPul and LIP stimulation also elicited activity in several cortical areas in the opposite hemisphere, implying polysynaptic propagation of excitation. LIP microstimulation elicited strong activity in the opposite homotopic LIP while no homotopic activation was found during dPul stimulation. Despite extensive activation along the intraparietal sulcus evoked by LIP stimulation, there was a difference in frontal and occipital connectivity elicited by posterior and anterior LIP stimulation sites. Comparison of dPul stimulation with the adjacent but functionally distinct ventral pulvinar also showed distinct connectivity. On the level of single trial timecourses within a region, most microstimulation regions did not show task-dependence of stimulation-elicited response modulation. Across regions, however, there was an interaction between the task and the stimulation, and task-specific correlations between the initial spatial selectivity and the magnitude of stimulation effect were observed. Consequently, stimulation-elicited modulation of task-related activity was best fitted by an additive model scaled down by the initial response amplitude. In summary, we identified overlapping and distinct patterns of thalamocortical and corticocortical connectivity of the two key visuospatial areas, highlighting the dorsal bank and fundus of STS as a prominent node of shared circuitry. Spatial task-specific and partly polysynaptic modulations of cue and saccade planning delay period activity in both hemispheres exerted by unilateral pulvinar and parietal stimulation provide insight into the distributed interhemispheric processing underlying spatial behavior.HighlightsElectrical stimulation of pulvinar and LIP was used to study fMRI effective connectivityBoth regions activated prefrontal cortex and the dorsal bank of superior temporal sulcusActivations within and across hemispheres suggest polysynaptic propagationStimulation effects show interactions between task- and spatial selectivityStimulation effects are best fitted by an additive model scaled by the initial response

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In Vivo Effective Connectivity Between Mouse Ventral Hippocampal Projections and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Microcircuits

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (9) ◽

pp. S121-S122

Author(s):

David Kupferschmidt ◽

Thomas Clarity ◽

Rachel Mikofsky ◽

Kirsten Gilchrist ◽

Maxym Myroshnychenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Effective Connectivity

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Task-related modulation of effective connectivity during perceptual decision making: dissociation between dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2013.00365 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rei Akaishi ◽

Naoko Ueda ◽

Katsuyuki Sakai

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Effective Connectivity ◽

Perceptual Decision Making ◽

Perceptual Decision ◽

Ventral Prefrontal Cortex

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Different time courses of learning-related activity in the prefrontal cortex and striatum

Nature ◽

10.1038/nature03287 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 433 (7028) ◽

pp. 873-876 ◽

Cited By ~ 445

Author(s):

Anitha Pasupathy ◽

Earl K. Miller

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Related Activity ◽

Time Courses

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Oxytocin modulates the effective connectivity between the precuneus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience ◽

10.1007/s00406-019-00989-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 270 (5) ◽

pp. 567-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jyothika Kumar ◽

Sarina J. Iwabuchi ◽

Birgit A. Völlm ◽

Lena Palaniyappan

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Effective Connectivity ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal

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Representation of actions and outcomes in medial prefrontal cortex during delayed conditional decision-making: Population analyses of single neuron activity

Brain and Neuroscience Advances ◽

10.1177/2398212818773865 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 239821281877386 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Miranda J. Francoeur ◽

Robert G. Mair

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Single Neuron ◽

Neuron Activity ◽

Related Activity ◽

Response Options ◽

Single Neuron Activity ◽

Temporal Organisation ◽

Matching To Position

Background: To respond adaptively in a dynamic environment, it is important for organisms to utilise information about recent events to decide between response options. Methods: To examine the role of medial prefrontal cortex in adaptive decision-making, we recorded single neuron activity in rats performing a dynamic delayed non-matching to position task. Results: We recorded activity from 1335 isolated neurons, 458 (34%) with criterion event-related activity, of which 431 (94%) exhibited 1 of 10 distinct excitatory response types: five at different times relative to delivery (or lack) of reinforcement following sample and choice responses and five correlated with movements or lever press actions that occurred multiple times in each trial. Normalised population averages revealed a precisely timed cascade of population responses representing the temporal organisation behavioural events that constitute delayed non-matching to position trials. Firing field analyses identified a subset of neurons with restricted spatial fields: responding to the conjunction of a behavioural event with a specific location. Anatomical analyses showed considerable overlap in the distribution of different response types in medial prefrontal cortex with a significant trend for dorsal areas to contain more neurons with action-related activity and ventral areas more responses related to action outcomes. Conclusion: These results indicate that medial prefrontal cortex contains discrete populations of neurons that represent the temporal organisation of actions and outcomes during delayed non-matching to position trials. They support the hypothesis that medial prefrontal cortex promotes flexible control of complex behaviours by action–outcome contingencies.

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Amygdala activity and prefrontal cortex-amygdala effective connectivity to emerging emotional faces distinguish remitted and depressed mood states in bipolar disorder

Bipolar Disorders ◽

10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.00999.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 162-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Susan B Perlman ◽

Jorge RC Almeida ◽

Dina M Kronhaus ◽

Amelia Versace ◽

Edmund J LaBarbara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Depressed Mood ◽

Effective Connectivity ◽

Mood States ◽

Emotional Faces ◽

Amygdala Activity

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Task-related activity in prefrontal cortex and its relation to recognition memory performance in young and old adults

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.12.016 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 1466-1481 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

C GRADY ◽

A MCINTOSH ◽

F CRAIK

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Recognition Memory ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Related Activity ◽

Old Adults ◽

Recognition Memory Performance

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Ibrutinib Treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Relapsing at Central Nervous System: A Case Report and Literature Review

Case Reports in Hematology ◽

10.1155/2017/9583257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donato Mannina ◽

Barbara Loteta

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽

Cell Lymphoma ◽

Central Nervous System Involvement ◽

Initial Response ◽

Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽

Concomitant Treatment ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Mantle Cell

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) accounts for about 5% of all lymphomas. Its clinical and histological features are heterogeneous. After a frequently good initial response, the disease generally and repeatedly relapses and finally the outcome is poor. Particularly severe is the prognosis of the rare occurrence of CNSi (Central Nervous System involvement). Ibrutinib, an oral inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), has shown strong activity in relapsing patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and MCL. Few reports are available about treatment with ibrutinib of patients presenting CNSi by lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD). In all of them, ibrutinib, at the dosage between 420 and 560 mg/day, showed an impressive effectiveness. Here we describe a case of MCL with CNS relapse showing an excellent response to ibrutinib administered at the unusual dose of 280 mg/day because of concomitant treatment of cardiological disease.

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Prefrontal Task-Related Activity Representing Visual Cue Location or Saccade Direction in Spatial Working Memory Tasks

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00249.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 567-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Kazuyoshi Takeda ◽

Shintaro Funahashi

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Delay Period ◽

Neuron Activity ◽

Delayed Response ◽

Related Activity ◽

Visual Cue ◽

Response Period ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal

To examine what kind of information task-related activity encodes during spatial working memory processes, we analyzed single-neuron activity in the prefrontal cortex while two monkeys performed two different oculomotor delayed-response (ODR) tasks. In the standard ODR task, monkeys were required to make a saccade to the cue location after a 3-s delay, whereas in the rotatory ODR (R-ODR) task, they were required to make a saccade 90° clockwise from the cue location after the 3-s delay. By comparing the same task-related activities in these two tasks, we could determine whether such activities encoded the location of the visual cue or the direction of the saccade. One hundred twenty one neurons exhibited task-related activity in relation to at least one task event in both tasks. Among them, 41 neurons exhibited directional cue-period activity, most of which encoded the location of the visual cue. Among 56 neurons with directional delay-period activity, 86% encoded the location of the visual cue, whereas 13% encoded the direction of the saccade. Among 57 neurons with directional response-period activity, 58% encoded the direction of the saccade, whereas 35% encoded the location of the visual cue. Most neurons whose response-period activity encoded the location of the visual cue also exhibited directional delay-period activity that encoded the location of the visual cue as well. The best directions of these two activities were identical, and most of these response-period activities were postsaccadic. Therefore this postsaccadic activity can be considered a signal to terminate unnecessary delay-period activity. Population histograms encoding the location of the visual cue showed tonic sustained activation during the delay period. However, population histograms encoding the direction of the saccade showed a gradual increase in activation during the delay period. These results indicate that the transformation from visual input to motor output occurs in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The analysis using population histograms suggests that this transformation occurs gradually during the delay period.

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