scholarly journals Temperature and species-dependent regulation of browning in retrobulbar fat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rajaii ◽  
Dong Won Kim ◽  
Jianbo Pan ◽  
Nicholas R. Mahoney ◽  
Charles G. Eberhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
A Site

AbstractRetrobulbar fat deposits surround the posterior retina and optic nerve head, but their function and origin are obscure. We report that mouse retrobulbar fat is a neural crest-derived tissue histologically and transcriptionally resembles interscapular brown fat. In contrast, human retrobulbar fat closely resembles white adipose tissue. Retrobulbar fat is also brown in other rodents, which are typically housed at temperatures below thermoneutrality, but is white in larger animals. We show that retrobulbar fat in mice housed at thermoneutral temperature show reduced expression of the brown fat marker Ucp1, and histological properties intermediate between white and brown fat. We conclude that retrobulbar fat can potentially serve as a site of active thermogenesis, that this capability is both temperature and species-dependent, and that this may facilitate regulation of intraocular temperature.

scholarly journals Temperature and species-dependent regulation of browning in retrobulbar fat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Rajaii ◽  
Dong Won Kim ◽  
Jianbo Pan ◽  
Nicholas R. Mahoney ◽  
Charles G. Eberhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
A Site

AbstractRetrobulbar fat deposits surround the posterior retina and optic nerve head, but their function and origin are obscure. We report that mouse retrobulbar fat is a neural crest-derived tissue histologically and transcriptionally resembles interscapular brown fat. In contrast, human retrobulbar fat closely resembles white adipose tissue. Retrobulbar fat is also brown in other rodents, which are typically housed at temperatures below thermoneutrality, but is white in larger animals. We show that retrobulbar fat in mice housed at thermoneutral temperature show reduced expression of the brown fat marker Ucp1, and histological properties intermediate between white and brown fat. We conclude that retrobulbar fat can potentially serve as a site of active thermogenesis, that this capability is both temperature and species-dependent, and that this may facilitate regulation of intraocular temperature.

Cytoplasmic p16 Is Expressed in Normal Brown Fat and Hibernomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Georgia Karpathiou ◽  
Jean Marc Dumollard ◽  
Zoe Evangelou ◽  
Anna Batistatou ◽  
Michel Peoc’h ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
P16 Expression ◽  
Tissue Browning

White adipose tissue browning has emerged as a putative therapy of obesity, and studies in mice have shown that Cdkn2a is implicated in white-to-brown transition. However, the role of Cdkn2a product p16 has been never studied in human brown fat tissue. The aim of the study is to investigate the expression of p16 in normal brown fat and in hibernoma, a lipoma containing brown fat-like adipocytes. Ten normal brown fat tissues and 5 hibernomas were immunohistochemically studied for p16 expression. Nearby white adipose tissue was used for comparison. All brown fat and hibernomas specimens express p16 in a cytoplasmic manner. Neighboring white adipose tissue is negative for p16 expression. Thus, cytoplasmic p16 may be associated with fat tissue browning.

scholarly journals KSRP Ablation Enhances Brown Fat Gene Program in White Adipose Tissue Through Reduced miR-150 Expression

Diabetes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2949-2961 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-F. Chou ◽  
Y.-Y. Lin ◽  
H.-K. Wang ◽  
X. Zhu ◽  
M. Giovarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat

scholarly journals Iodothyronine 5′-deiodinase activity as an early event of prenatal brown-fat differentiation in bovine development

1989 ◽  
Vol 259 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Giralt ◽  
L Casteilla ◽  
O Viñas ◽  
T Mampel ◽  
R Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Reverse T3 ◽  
Deiodinase Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose

Iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity appears to be a type I enzyme in bovine brown adipose tissue, on the basis of its high Km for 3,3',5'-tri-iodothyronine (‘reverse T3’) (in the micromolar range) and sensitivity to propylthiouracil inhibition. This enzyme activity is already detectable in perirenal adipose tissue of bovine fetuses in the second month of gestation, reaches peak values around the seventh month of fetal life, declines before birth, becomes lower after parturition and finally undetectable in the adult cow. Iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase activity is present in the pericardic, peritoneal and intermuscular adipose depots of the neonatal calf, but it is always undetectable in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. It is concluded that iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase is a specific feature of brown fat in the bovine species that is not shared by white adipose tissue. white adipose tissue. Peak values of 5'-deiodinating activity appear as an early event in the prenatal differentiation programme of bovine brown-fat cells as they occur when uncoupling-protein-gene expression first starts.

scholarly journals BMP4-mediated brown fat-like changes in white adipose tissue alter glucose and energy homeostasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. E798-E807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Wen Qian ◽  
Yan Tang ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
You-You Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Brown Fat

p107 Deficiency Increases Energy Expenditure by Inducing Brown‐Fat Thermogenesis and Browning of White Adipose Tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 1801096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Cunarro ◽  
Xabier Buque ◽  
Sabela Casado ◽  
Javier Lugilde ◽  
Anxo Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat

scholarly journals CD47 differentially regulates white and brown fat function

Biology Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. bio056747
Author(s):  
Heather Norman-Burgdolf ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Patrick Sullivan ◽  
Shuxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACTMechanisms that enhance energy expenditure are attractive therapeutic targets for obesity. Previously we have demonstrated that mice lacking cd47 are leaner, exhibit increased energy expenditure, and are protected against diet-induced obesity. In this study, we further defined the physiological role of cd47 deficiency in regulating mitochondrial function and energy expenditure in both white and brown adipose tissue. We observed that cd47 deficient mice (under normal chow diet) had comparable amount of white fat mass but reduced white adipocyte size as compared to wild-type mice. Subsequent ex vivo and in vitro studies suggest enhanced lipolysis, and not impaired lipogenesis or energy utilization, contributes to this phenotype. In contrast to white adipose tissue, there were no obvious morphological differences in brown adipose tissue between wild-type and knockout mice. However, mitochondria isolated from brown fat of cd47 deficient mice had significantly higher rates of free fatty acid-mediated uncoupling. This suggests that enhanced fuel availability via white adipose tissue lipolysis may perpetuate elevated brown adipose tissue energy expenditure and contributes to the lean phenotype observed in cd47 deficient mice.

scholarly journals White Adipose Tissue as a Site for Islet Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Naoaki Sakata ◽  
Gumpei Yoshimatsu ◽  
Shohta Kodama
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Islet Transplantation ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Severe Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Islet Transplantation ◽  
Translational Studies ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
A Site ◽  
Transplant Site ◽  
Shed Light

Although islet transplantation is recognized as a useful cellular replacement therapy for severe diabetes, surgeons face difficulties in islet engraftment. The transplant site is a pivotal factor that influences the engraftment. Although the liver is the current representative site for clinical islet transplantation, it is not the best site because of limitations in immunity, inflammation, and hypoxia. White adipose tissue, including omentum, is recognized as a useful candidate site for islet transplantation. Its effectiveness has been evaluated in not only various basic and translational studies using small and large animals but also in some recent clinical trials. In this review, we attempt to shed light on the characteristics and usefulness of white adipose tissue as a transplant site for islets.

scholarly journals A soyabean diet does not modify the activity of brown adipose tissue but alters the rate of lipolysis in the retroperitoneal white adipose tissue of male rats recovering from early-life malnutrition

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriene Alexandra Paiva ◽  
Jaline Zandonato Faiad ◽  
Marina Satie Taki ◽  
Silvia Regina de Lima Reis ◽  
Letícia Martins Ignácio de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Retroperitoneal White Adipose Tissue

Nutritional recovery with a soyabean diet decreases body and fat weights when compared with a casein diet. We investigated whether the reduced adiposity observed in rats recovering from early-life malnutrition with a soyabean diet results from alterations in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Male rats from mothers fed either 17 or 6 % protein during pregnancy and lactation were maintained on 17 % casein (CC and LC groups), 17 % soyabean (CS and LS groups) or 6 % casein (LL group) diets over 60 d. The rats maintained on a soyabean diet had similar relative food intakes, but lower body and retroperitoneal WAT weights and a reduced lipid content in the retroperitoneal WAT. The insulin levels were lower in the recovered rats and were elevated in those fed a soyabean diet. Serum T3 concentration and uncoupling protein 1 content in the BAT were decreased in the recovered rats. The thermogenic capacity of the BAT was not affected by the soyabean diet. The lipogenesis rate in the retroperitoneal WAT was similar in all of the groups except for the LL group, which had exacerbated lipogenesis. The enhancement of the lipolysis rate by isoproterenol was decreased in white adipocytes from the soyabean-recovered rats and was elevated in adipocytes from the soyabean-control rats. Thus, in animals maintained on a soyabean diet, the proportions of fat deposits are determined by the lipolysis rate, which differs depending on the previous nutritional status.

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