scholarly journals Genomes of gut bacteria from Nasonia wasps shed light on phylosymbiosis and microbe-assisted hybrid breakdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karissa L. Cross ◽  
Brittany A. Leigh ◽  
E. Anne Hatmaker ◽  
Aram Mikaelyan ◽  
Asia K. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Hybrid Breakdown ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Providencia Rettgeri ◽  
Host Phylogeny

ABSTRACTPhylosymbiosis is a cross-system trend whereby microbial community relationships recapitulate the host phylogeny. In Nasonia parasitoid wasps, phylosymbiosis occurs throughout development, is distinguishable between sexes, and benefits host development and survival. Moreover, the microbiome shifts in hybrids as a rare Proteus bacteria in the microbiome becomes dominant. The larval hybrids then catastrophically succumb to bacterial-assisted lethality and reproductive isolation between the species. Two important questions for understanding phylosymbiosis and bacterial-assisted lethality in hybrids are: (i) Do the Nasonia bacterial genomes differ from other animal isolates and (ii) Are the hybrid bacterial genomes the same as those in the parental species? Here we report the cultivation, whole genome sequencing, and comparative analyses of the most abundant gut bacteria in Nasonia larvae, Providencia rettgeri and Proteus mirabilis. Characterization of new isolates shows Proteus mirabilis forms a more robust biofilm than Providencia rettgeri and when grown in co-culture, Proteus mirabilis significantly outcompetes Providencia rettgeri. Providencia rettgeri genomes from Nasonia are similar to each other and more divergent to pathogenic, human-associates strains. Proteus mirabilis from N. vitripennis, N. giraulti, and their hybrid offspring are nearly identical and relatively distinct from human isolates. These results indicate that members of the larval gut microbiome within Nasonia are most similar to each other, and the strain of the dominant Proteus mirabilis in hybrids is resident in parental species. Holobiont interactions between shared, resident members of the wasp microbiome and the host underpin phylosymbiosis and hybrid breakdown.IMPORTANCEAnimal and plant hosts often establish intimate relationships with their microbiomes. In varied environments, closely-related host species share more similar microbiomes, a pattern termed phylosymbiosis. When phylosymbiosis is functionally significant and beneficial, microbial transplants between host species or host hybridization can have detrimental consequences on host biology. In the Nasonia parasitoid wasp genus that contains a phylosymbiotic gut community, both effects occur and provide evidence for selective pressures on the holobiont. Here, we show that bacterial genomes in Nasonia differ from other environments and harbor genes with unique functions that may regulate phylosymbiotic relationships. Furthermore, the bacteria in hybrids are identical to parental species, thus supporting a hologenomic tenet that the same members of the microbiome and the host genome impact phylosymbiosis, hybrid breakdown, and speciation.

scholarly journals Genomes of Gut Bacteria from Nasonia Wasps Shed Light on Phylosymbiosis and Microbe-Assisted Hybrid Breakdown

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karissa L. Cross ◽  
Brittany A. Leigh ◽  
E. Anne Hatmaker ◽  
Aram Mikaelyan ◽  
Asia K. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Hybrid Breakdown ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Providencia Rettgeri ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Phylogeny

ABSTRACT Phylosymbiosis is a cross-system trend whereby microbial community relationships recapitulate the host phylogeny. In Nasonia parasitoid wasps, phylosymbiosis occurs throughout development, is distinguishable between sexes, and benefits host development and survival. Moreover, the microbiome shifts in hybrids as a rare Proteus bacterium in the microbiome becomes dominant. The larval hybrids then catastrophically succumb to bacterium-assisted lethality and reproductive isolation between the species. Two important questions for understanding phylosymbiosis and bacterium-assisted lethality in hybrids are (i) do the Nasonia bacterial genomes differ from other animal isolates and (ii) are the hybrid bacterial genomes the same as those in the parental species? Here, we report the cultivation, whole-genome sequencing, and comparative analyses of the most abundant gut bacteria in Nasonia larvae, Providencia rettgeri and Proteus mirabilis. Characterization of new isolates shows Proteus mirabilis forms a more robust biofilm than Providencia rettgeri and that, when grown in coculture, Proteus mirabilis significantly outcompetes Providencia rettgeri. Providencia rettgeri genomes from Nasonia are similar to each other and more divergent from pathogenic, human associates. Proteus mirabilis from Nasonia vitripennis, Nasonia giraulti, and their hybrid offspring are nearly identical and relatively distinct from human isolates. These results indicate that members of the larval gut microbiome within Nasonia are most similar to each other, and the strain of the dominant Proteus mirabilis in hybrids is resident in parental species. Holobiont interactions between shared, resident members of the wasp microbiome and the host underpin phylosymbiosis and hybrid breakdown. IMPORTANCE Animal and plant hosts often establish intimate relationships with their microbiomes. In varied environments, closely related host species share more similar microbiomes, a pattern termed phylosymbiosis. When phylosymbiosis is functionally significant and beneficial, microbial transplants between host species and host hybridization can have detrimental consequences on host biology. In the Nasonia parasitoid wasp genus, which contains a phylosymbiotic gut community, both effects occur and provide evidence for selective pressures on the holobiont. Here, we show that bacterial genomes in Nasonia differ from other environments and harbor genes with unique functions that may regulate phylosymbiotic relationships. Furthermore, the bacteria in hybrids are identical to those in parental species, thus supporting a hologenomic tenet that the same members of the microbiome and the host genome impact phylosymbiosis, hybrid breakdown, and speciation.

scholarly journals An introduction to phylosymbiosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Jean Lim ◽  
Seth R Bordenstein
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Evolutionary Modeling ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Cross System ◽  
Transplant Experiments

Phylosymbiosis was recently formulated to support a hypothesis-driven framework for the characterization of a new, cross-system trend in host-associated microbiomes. Defining phylosymbiosis as “microbial community relationships that recapitulate the phylogeny of their host”, we review the relevant literature and data in the last decade, emphasizing frequently used methods and regular patterns observed in analyses. Quantitative support for phylosymbiosis is provided by statistical methods evaluating higher microbiome variation between host species than within host species, topological similarities between the host phylogeny and microbiome dendrogram, and a positive association between host genetic relationships and microbiome beta diversity. Significant degrees of phylosymbiosis are prevalent, but not universal, in microbiomes of plants and animals from terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Consistent with natural selection shaping phylosymbiosis, microbiome transplant experiments demonstrate reduced host performance and/or fitness upon host-microbiome mismatches. Hybridization can also disrupt phylosymbiotic microbiomes and cause hybrid pathologies. The pervasiveness of phylosymbiosis carries several important implications for advancing knowledge of eco-evolutionary processes that impact host-microbiome interactions and future applications of precision microbiology. Important future steps will be to examine phylosymbiosis beyond bacterial communities, apply evolutionary modeling for an increasingly sophisticated understanding of phylosymbiosis, and unravel the host and microbial mechanisms that contribute to the pattern. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual, and quantitative themes of phylosymbiosis and outlines opportunities ripe for investigations from a diversity of disciplines.

scholarly journals Captivity and the co-diversification of great ape microbiomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex H. Nishida ◽  
Howard Ochman
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Host Shift ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractWild great apes harbor clades of gut bacteria that are restricted to each host species. Previous research shows the evolutionary relationships among several host-restricted clades mirror those of great-ape species. However, processes such as geographic separation, host-shift speciation, and host-filtering based on diet or gut physiology can generate host-restricted bacterial clades and mimic patterns of co-diversification across host species. To gain insight into the distribution of host-restricted taxa, we examine captive great apes living under conditions where sharing of bacterial strains is readily possible. Here, we show that increased sampling of wild and captive apes identifies additional host-restricted lineages whose relationships are not concordant with the host phylogeny. Moreover, the gut microbiomes of captive apes converge through the displacement of strains that are restricted to their wild conspecifics by human-restricted strains. We demonstrate that host-restricted and co-diversifying bacterial strains in wild apes lack persistence and fidelity in captive environments.

scholarly journals An introduction to phylosymbiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1922) ◽  
pp. 20192900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Jean Lim ◽  
Seth R. Bordenstein
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Cross System ◽  
Transplant Experiments

Phylosymbiosis was recently formulated to support a hypothesis-driven framework for the characterization of a new, cross-system trend in host-associated microbiomes. Defining phylosymbiosis as ‘microbial community relationships that recapitulate the phylogeny of their host’, we review the relevant literature and data in the last decade, emphasizing frequently used methods and regular patterns observed in analyses. Quantitative support for phylosymbiosis is provided by statistical methods evaluating higher microbiome variation between host species than within host species, topological similarities between the host phylogeny and microbiome dendrogram, and a positive association between host genetic relationships and microbiome beta diversity. Significant degrees of phylosymbiosis are prevalent, but not universal, in microbiomes of plants and animals from terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Consistent with natural selection shaping phylosymbiosis, microbiome transplant experiments demonstrate reduced host performance and/or fitness upon host–microbiome mismatches. Hybridization can also disrupt phylosymbiotic microbiomes and cause hybrid pathologies. The pervasiveness of phylosymbiosis carries several important implications for advancing knowledge of eco-evolutionary processes that impact host–microbiome interactions and future applications of precision microbiology. Important future steps will be to examine phylosymbiosis beyond bacterial communities, apply evolutionary modelling for an increasingly sophisticated understanding of phylosymbiosis, and unravel the host and microbial mechanisms that contribute to the pattern. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual and quantitative themes of phylosymbiosis and outlines opportunities ripe for investigation from a diversity of disciplines.

scholarly journals An introduction to phylosymbiosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen Jean Lim ◽  
Seth R Bordenstein
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Evolutionary Modeling ◽  
Host Phylogeny ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Cross System ◽  
Transplant Experiments

Phylosymbiosis was recently formulated to support a hypothesis-driven framework for the characterization of a new, cross-system trend in host-associated microbiomes. Defining phylosymbiosis as “microbial community relationships that recapitulate the phylogeny of their host”, we review the relevant literature and data in the last decade, emphasizing frequently used methods and regular patterns observed in analyses. Quantitative support for phylosymbiosis is provided by statistical methods evaluating higher microbiome variation between host species than within host species, topological similarities between the host phylogeny and microbiome dendrogram, and a positive association between host genetic relationships and microbiome beta diversity. Significant degrees of phylosymbiosis are prevalent, but not universal, in microbiomes of plants and animals from terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Consistent with natural selection shaping phylosymbiosis, microbiome transplant experiments demonstrate reduced host performance and/or fitness upon host-microbiome mismatches. Hybridization can also disrupt phylosymbiotic microbiomes and cause hybrid pathologies. The pervasiveness of phylosymbiosis carries several important implications for advancing knowledge of eco-evolutionary processes that impact host-microbiome interactions and future applications of precision microbiology. Important future steps will be to examine phylosymbiosis beyond bacterial communities, apply evolutionary modeling for an increasingly sophisticated understanding of phylosymbiosis, and unravel the host and microbial mechanisms that contribute to the pattern. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual, and quantitative themes of phylosymbiosis and outlines opportunities ripe for investigations from a diversity of disciplines.

Heterologous expression and characterization of l-amino acid deaminases from Proteus mirabilis in Escherichia coli

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. S300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Oh Baek ◽  
Jeong-Woo Seo ◽  
Ohsuk Kwon ◽  
Su-Il Seong ◽  
Ik-Hwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis

scholarly journals Estudo etiológico da infecção do trato urinário em cães

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Mery Kogika ◽  
Vera Assunta Batistini Fortunato ◽  
Elsa Masae Mamizuka ◽  
Mitika Kuribayashi Hagiwara ◽  
Maria de Fatima Borges Pavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Providencia Rettgeri ◽  
Cocker Spaniel

Foram estudados 51 casos de infecção urinária, em cães, considerando-se diversos fatores, tais como: agente etiológico, localização da infecção, fatores predisponentes, sexo, idade e raça. O diagnóstico da infecção do trato urinário (ITU) foi baseado no exame bacteriológico, sendo considerado positivo quando a amostra de urina, colhida com auxílio de cateter, apresentava acima de 105 bactérias/ml. Dos animais examinados, quatro cães apresentaram infecção mista, totalizando 55 microorganismos isolados. Escherichia coli foi a mais freqüentemente isolada (35,3%), seguida de Staphylococcus sp (23,5%), Proteus mirabilis (15,7%), Streptococcus sp (13,7%), Klebsiella sp (9,8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3,9%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.0%), Citrobacter freundii (2.0%) e Providencia rettgeri (2,0%). Quanto à sensibilidade dos germes isolados frente a diversos agentes antimicrobianos, a norfloxacina e a gentamicina mostraram-se eficazes no tratamento de microorganismos Gram-negativos, enquanto a cefalotina e a nitrofurantoina foram mais eficazes contra bactérias Gram-positivas. Os animais que apresentaram maior frequência de ITU pertenciam às raças Cocker Spaniel e Pastor Alemão, envolvendo mais machos do que fêmeas com predominância de pielonefrites. Embora as infecções urinárias tivessem sido observadas em todas as idades, houve um predomínio nos cães de média idade. Observou-se ainda que a urolitíase foi um fator pré-disponente ou adjacente de ITU, envolvendo germes como Staphylococcus sp. e Proteus mirabilis naqueles casos com pH urinário alcalino.

scholarly journals Comparison of PCR-based molecular markers for the characterization of Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lessandra Michelim ◽  
Gabriela Muller ◽  
Jucimar Zacaria ◽  
Ana Paula Longaray Delamare ◽  
Sérgio Olavo Pinto da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Clinical Isolates

Morphology and description of infraciliary bands pattern in four Metadinium Awerinzew & Mutafowa, 1914 species (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae) with taxonomic notes on the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4500 (4) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIANE CEDROLA ◽  
MARIANA FONSECA ROSSI ◽  
ISABEL MARTINELE ◽  
MARTA D’AGOSTO ◽  
ROBERTO JÚNIO PEDROSO DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Type Pattern ◽  
Anterior Body ◽  
Contractile Vacuoles ◽  
Geographical Locations

The genus Metadinium includes ophryoscolecid ciliates, with two retractile ciliary zones in the anterior body portion, two broad skeletal plates, a lobed macronucleus and two contractile vacuoles. Species belonging to this genus were recorded in several geographical locations and in different host species. However, they were mostly described based on a single ciliatological technique, and until now, there is only one description of the infraciliary pattern in Metadinium ciliates (Metadinium medium). The present study performs the morphological and infraciliature characterization of four species belonging to Metadinium: M. esalqum, M. minorum, M. rotundatum and M. ypsilon; and presents taxonomic notes on the genus. The oral infraciliature in these four Metadinium species corresponds to the Diplodinium-type, pattern shared with genera Diplodinium, Diploplastron, Eudiplodinium, Eremoplastron and Polyplastron. A brief review conducted highlights the difficulty of delimiting Metadinium species due to the morphological similarity among them. 

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