scholarly journals Modeling land use impacts on spatial distribution of floating plastic litter in surface water of Southeast Asian archipelago

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Land Use Impacts

AbstractPlastics are present in many ecosystems including floating in surface water of remote archipelago and this can lead to the increase in plastic litter density. Whereas the spatial model of plastic litter density related to the population inhabits isolated archipelago is still limited. And what are the underlying factors driving the presence of plastic litter is also poorly understood. This study is trying to find the answers of those questions. The study was implemented in Thousand Island archipelago located in North of Java Island, one of populated islands in Southeast Asia. The studied surface water covers an area of 10000 Ha and consists of 10 islands with 3 islands are occupied by settlements and the remaining islands are occupied by vegetation. This study has recorded 3 types of floating macro-litter from water that consist of PET, HDPE, and LDPE litter. The plastic litter was observed concentrated in the east sides of archipelago where the populated islands were located. The spatial models show LDPE litter was distributed in the vast areas in comparison to PET and HDPE litter. Beside land use variables, the model has confirmed that the population density was the main underlying factors contribute to the plastic litter density in Thousand Island archipelago. The model can be applied to estimate PET (AIC = −0.53060) and HDPE (AIC = 18.28828) litter density. While LDPE litter density was influenced by population (AIC = 22.60201) rather than population density factors.

scholarly journals Changing Land Use and Population Density Are Degrading Water Quality in the Lower Mekong Basin

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1948
Author(s):  
Flavia Tromboni ◽  
Thomas E. Dilts ◽  
Sarah E. Null ◽  
Sapana Lohani ◽  
Peng Bun Ngor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Land Use Impacts ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mekong Basin ◽  
Lower Mekong Basin

Establishing reference conditions in rivers is important to understand environmental change and protect ecosystem integrity. Ranked third globally for fish biodiversity, the Mekong River has the world’s largest inland fishery providing livelihoods, food security, and protein to the local population. It is therefore of paramount importance to maintain the water quality and biotic integrity of this ecosystem. We analyzed land use impacts on water quality constituents (TSS, TN, TP, DO, NO3−, NH4+, PO43−) in the Lower Mekong Basin. We then used a best-model regression approach with anthropogenic land-use as independent variables and water quality parameters as the dependent variables, to define reference conditions in the absence of human activities (corresponding to the intercept value). From 2000–2017, the population and the percentage of crop, rice, and plantation land cover increased, while there was a decrease in upland forest and flooded forest. Agriculture, urbanization, and population density were associated with decreasing water quality health in the Lower Mekong Basin. In several sites, Thailand and Laos had higher TN, NO3−, and NH4+ concentrations compared to reference conditions, while Cambodia had higher TP values than reference conditions, showing water quality degradation. TSS was higher than reference conditions in the dry season in Cambodia, but was lower than reference values in the wet season in Thailand and Laos. This study shows how deforestation from agriculture conversion and increasing urbanization pressure causes water quality decline in the Lower Mekong Basin, and provides a first characterization of reference water quality conditions for the Lower Mekong River and its tributaries.

scholarly journals What Awaits Myanmar’s Uplands Farmers? Lessons Learned from Mainland Southeast Asia

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jepsen ◽  
Matilda Palm ◽  
Thilde Bruun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia

Mainland Southeast Asia (MSA) has seen sweeping upland land use changes in the past decades, with transition from primarily subsistence shifting cultivation to annual commodity cropping. This transition holds implications for local upland communities and ecosystems. Due to its particular political regime, Myanmar is at the tail of this development. However, with Myanmar’s official strategy of agricultural commercialization and intensification, recent liberalization of the national economy, and influx of multinational agricultural companies, the effects on upland land transitions could come fast. We analyze the current state of upland land use in Myanmar in a socio-economic and political context, identify the dynamics in three indicator commodity crops (maize, cassava, and rubber), and discuss the state driven economic, tenurial and policy reforms that have occurred in upland areas of mainland Southeast Asian countries in past decades. We draw on these insights to contextualize our study and hypothesize about possible transition pathways for Myanmar. The transition to annual commodity cropping is generally driven by a range of socio-economic and technical factors. We find that land use dynamics for the three indicator crops are associated with market demand and thus the opening of national Southeast-Asian economies, research and development of locally suitable high yielding varieties (HYVs), and subsidies for the promotion of seeds and inputs. In contrast, promotion of HYVs in marginal areas and without adequate agricultural extension services may results in agricultural contraction and yield dis-intensification. The environmental impacts of the transition depend on the transition pathway, e.g., through large-scale plantation projects or smallholder initiatives. The agricultural development in upland MSA follows a clear diffusion pattern with transition occurring first in Thailand, spreading to Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. While these countries point to prospects for Myanmar, we hypothesize that changes will come slow due to Myanmar’s sparse rural infrastructure, with uncertainty about tenure, in particular in areas still troubled by armed conflicts, and unwillingness of international investors to approach Myanmar given the recent setbacks to the democratization process.

scholarly journals Generalized Linear Spatial Models to Predict Slate Exploitability

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Angeles Saavedra ◽  
Javier Taboada ◽  
María Araújo ◽  
Eduardo Giráldez
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Response Variable ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Model Residuals

The aim of this research was to determine the variables that characterize slate exploitability and to model spatial distribution. A generalized linear spatial model (GLSMs) was fitted in order to explore relationship between exploitability and different explanatory variables that characterize slate quality. Modelling the influence of these variables and analysing the spatial distribution of the model residuals yielded a GLSM that allows slate exploitability to be predicted more effectively than when using generalized linear models (GLM), which do not take spatial dependence into account. Studying the residuals and comparing the prediction capacities of the two models lead us to conclude that the GLSM is more appropriate when the response variable presents spatial distribution.

scholarly journals How do East and Southeast Asian Cities Differ from Western Cities? A Systematic Review of the Urban Form Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Ling Chen ◽  
Hao-Wei Chiu ◽  
Yu-Fang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Asian Cities

The Fifth Assessment Report released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5) revealed that the scale of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Asian cities is similar to those from developed economies, which are driven predominantly by economic growth. Due to variations in geographic and climatic contexts, culture and religion, living style and travel behavior, governance and institutions, and a wide range of density and land use mixes, there are significant variations in urban form patterns across Western and Asian cities. This paper uses a systematic review, which is a critical interpretive synthesis methodology, to review keywords of studies related to urban form among East and Southeast Asian cities. From 3725 records identified through database searching, 213 studies were included in qualitative analysis. The results show that, although the population density in built-up areas is higher, annual population density is declining significantly in East and Southeast Asia. In addition, there are various kinds of land use mixes including horizontal, vertical, and temporal forms. As a whole, the inconsistencies of urban form characteristics exist not only between Western and Asian cities, but also among Asian cities. Serious population density decreases in Asian cities might indicate that they are undergoing similar urban development processes to those of Western cities. We should be aware of the potential lock-in trends of urban development patterns in Chinese and Southeast Asian cities.

Yield response of four popular banana varieties from southeast Asia to infection with a population of Radopholus similis from Davao, Philippines

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna E. Herradura ◽  
Ma. Adelfa N. Lobres ◽  
Dirk De Waele ◽  
Romulo G. Davide ◽  
Inge Van Den Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Nematode Population Density

The yield response of four popular banana cultivars from southeast Asia to infection with a population of Radopholus similis collected from banana in Davao, Philippines, was investigated in a microplot experiment. Bunch weight reduction of nematode-infected plants ranged from 25 to 68% for all four southeast Asian banana cultivars and Grand Nain (AAA), the susceptible reference cultivar included in the study. The banana cv. Latundan (AAB) had a nematode population density of 185, 38 and 27 nematodes at 6 months after planting, flowering and harvesting, respectively, and a low bunch weight reduction (25%) compared with the other banana cultivars examined, possibly suggesting that this cultivar is partially resistant to R. similis.

scholarly journals Concentração de Nitrato em águas superficiais e sua correlação com a agricultura e o despejo de esgoto bruto: Estudo de caso da represa de Nova Ponte – MG (Nitrate concentration in surface water and its correlation with agriculture and raw sewage...)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
Eliane Maria Vieira ◽  
Elizabeth Lomelino Cardoso ◽  
Vicente De Paulo Macedo Gontijo ◽  
Giovanni Resende de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Lélia Rodriguez Simão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Sewage Discharge ◽  
Sampling Points

O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para a represa de Nova Ponte, localizada no estado de Minas Gerais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento e as possíveis causas da concentração de Nitrato na represa de Nova Ponte. Foram empregadas técnicas de Geoprocessamento e avaliando-se o uso do solo, as classes de solos e o aporte por descarga de esgoto bruto das cidades no entorno da represa. Para a realização do trabalho foram coletados cinquenta e nove pontos amostrais distribuídos ao longo de toda a represa onde foram obtidos a concentração de Nitrato em agosto de 2007 e espacializado para a represam empregando-se geoestatistica, foi elaborado o mapa de uso e ocupação do entorno da represa e digitalizado o mapa de solos da região, além da espacialização dos centros urbanos no entorno da represa e a quantificação da distância destes à represa. Analisando conjuntamente o uso do solo, as classes de solo e o aporte de esgoto bruto nos tributários da represa e contrapondo-se às regiões de maiores concentrações de Nitrato, conclui-se que tais concentrações seriam advindas do esgoto bruto e não da agropecuária nesta região.   A B S T R A C T The presence of nitrate in water bodies can promote the appearance of algae and other aquatic plants affecting the quality of these for various uses. Depending on the concentration you can also promote the development of methemoglobinemia, of certain types of cancer, so studies related to determining the concentration and the possible contribution of causes are extremely important. This study was conducted for the dam of Nova Ponte, located in the Minas Gerais states. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior and the possible causes of the nitrate concentration in the Nova Ponte Dam. It was done using GIS techniques and also evaluating the land use, the soil types and the possible contribution of the raw sewage discharge of the cities surrounding the dam. To conduct the study were collected fifty nine sampling points distributed throughout the dam in August 2007 and spatialized for dam employing geostatistics, and it was prepared the use and occupation of the surrounding map dam and digitized the region of soil map, in addition to the spatial distribution of urban centers in the vicinity of the dam and the quantification of the distance between the cite to the dam. Analyzing together the land use, the soil classes and the raw sewage inflow in the dam tributaries and contrasting to the regions of higher concentrations of nitrate, it is concluded that such concentrations would be coming from the raw sewage and not from the agriculture in this region. Keywords: nitrate, agriculture, sewage, geoprocessing.   

scholarly journals Historical Evolution of Placemaking in Historic City of Palembang, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajri Romdhoni
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Asian Cities ◽  
Quality Of Place ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Because of the rapid transformation of Southeast Asian cities with modernization and westernization, this paper aims to present the historical evolution of Palembang's city into clear morphological phases of the city. Palembang is essential because it represents one of the earliest and historical cities in Southeast Asia and could serve as a good case study to the morphological changes in Southeast Asia. Studies selected for this paper are historical maps on the 17th century, a combination and sets of the early 19th century, and post Indonesia's independence maps that include the latest map of the modern Palembang city. A framework of the historical and interpretive study was conducted and implementing the maps using GIS and OSM as the newest data source and analysis. Using Placemaking theory and utilizing Street pattern, Land use, and landmark as an approach tool to clarify the city's spatial form. Analysis of street patterns, land use, and landmarks was carried out on the three different morphological phases, and we founded out that there have been changes in the quality of place over time. The city form has shifted more complex from a linear settlement and transform into a co-centric form city and later on morphed into a multiple-centered metropolis. The land use had also changed over time due to political, economic conditions, and dwelling pattern. Palembang city's landmarks have also evolved or multiplied over time, and it has given the evolution of meaning to the city. From the changes in the quality of place and geographical model transformations, future studies will need to focus on increasing the quality of place by classifying the city's spatial configuration from its integration, betweenness, and choice that could define the city's network and systems. Future studies will also need to compare the research findings with other cities in the Southeast Asia regions with similar conditions to create a comparison between the results and a better understanding of Historic Southeast Asian cities.

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