scholarly journals Underground Heterosis for Melons Yield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asaf Dafna ◽  
Ilan Halperin ◽  
Elad Oren ◽  
Tal Isaacson ◽  
Galil Tzuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Multiple Root ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Shoot Effects

AbstractHeterosis, the superiority of hybrids over their parents, is a major genetic force associated with plant fitness and crop yield enhancement. Understanding and predicting heterosis is crucial for evolutionary biology, as well as for plant and animal breeding. We investigated root-mediated yield heterosis in melons (Cucumis melo) by characterizing common variety grafted onto 190 hybrid rootstocks resulting from crossing 20 diverse inbreds in a diallel-mating scheme. Hybrid rootstocks improved yield by more than 40% compared to their parents and the best hybrid outperformed the reference commercial variety by 65% under both optimal and minimal irrigation treatments. To characterize the genetics of the underground heterosis we conducted whole-genome re-sequencing of the 20 founder lines, and showed that parental genetic distance was no predictor for the level of heterosis. Through inference of the 190 hybrids genotypes from their parental genomes, followed by genome-wide association analysis, we mapped multiple root-mediated yield QTLs. The yield enhancement of the four best-performing hybrid rootstocks was validated in multiple experiments with four different scion varieties. While root biology is receiving increased attention, most of the research is conducted using plants not amenable to grafting and, as a result, it is difficult to separate root and shoot effects. Here, we use the rich genetic and genomic resources ofCucumis melo, where grafting is a common practice, to dissect a unique phenomenon of root-mediated yield heterosis, by directly evaluating in the field the contribution of the roots to fruit yield. Our grafting approach is inverted to the common roots genetics research path that focuses mainly on variation in root system architecture rather than the ultimate root-mediated whole-plant performance, and is a step towards discovery of candidate genes involved in root function and yield enhancement.HighlightWe show that yield heterosis is significant in melon and controlled independently above and underground. Using common-scion grafting approach, we find that heritable rootstock-mediated variation in a diallel population is associated with substantial fruit yield heterosis.

Mechanisms underlying root system architecture adaptation to low phosphate environment

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigal Savaldi-Goldstein ◽  
Siobhan M. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
P Availability ◽  
New Genes

In order to advance our understanding towards potential biotechnology improvement of plant performance, we studied root responses to limited P in two different plants, Arabidopsis and tomato. Arabidopsis is among the most studied model plants that allows rapid application of molecular and developmental experiments while tomato is an important crop, with application in agriculture. Using Arabidopsis we found that steroid hormones modulate the extent of root elongation in response to limited P, by controlling the accumulation of iron in the root. We also found that the availability of P and iron control the activity of the steroid hormone in the root. Finally, we revealed the genes involved in this nutrient-hormone interaction. Hence, the ferroxidase LPR1 that promotes iron accumulation in response to low P is repressed by the transcription factor BES1/BZR1. Low P inhibits the steroid hormone pathway by enhancing the accumulation of BKI1. High levels of BKI1 inhibit the activity of the steroid hormone receptor at the cell surface and iron accumulation increases inside the root, resulting in a slow growth. Together, the extent of root elongation depends on interactions between an internal cue (steroid hormone) and cues derived from the availability of P and iron in the environment. Using tomato, we found that the response of two cultivated tomato varieties (M82 and New Yorker) to limited P is distinct from that of the wild species, Solanumpennellii. This is implicated at both the levels of root development and whole plant physiology. Specifically, while the root system architecture of cultivated tomato is modulated by limited P availability, that of the wild type species remained unaffected. The wild species appears to be always behaving as if it is always in phosphate deprived conditions, despite sufficient levels of phosphate. Hyper-accumulation of metals appears to mediate this response. Together, this knowledge will be used to isolate new genes controlling plant adaptation to limited P environment. 

scholarly journals Forward from the crossroads of ecology and evolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1569) ◽  
pp. 1322-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Rowntree ◽  
David M. Shuker ◽  
Richard F. Preziosi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Community Genetics ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Ecological Community ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Community Genetic ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Literature Reviews

Community genetics is a synthesis of community ecology and evolutionary biology. It examines how genetic variation within a species affects interactions among species to change ecological community structure and diversity. The use of community genetics approaches has greatly expanded in recent years and the evidence for ecological effects of genetic diversity is growing. The goal of current community genetics research is to determine the circumstances in which, and the mechanisms by which community genetic effects occur and is the focus of the papers in this special issue. We bring a new group of researchers into the community genetics fold. Using a mixture of empirical research, literature reviews and theoretical development, we introduce novel concepts and methods that we hope will enable us to develop community genetics into the future.

Effect of Solid CO2 Generator Treatment on Fruit Yield and Quality of Korean Melon(Cucumis melo var. hybrida)

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Seub Shin ◽  
습 신용 ◽  
Ji Eun Lee ◽  
Min Ki Kim ◽  
Joung Do Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne Incognita Race 1 on Tomato as Influenced by Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Bioformulated Paecilomyces Lilacinus in a Dysteric Cambisol Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idorenyin Asukwo Udo ◽  
Michael Ifeanyichukwu Uguru ◽  
Rufus Omemaramadu Ogbuji
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Race 1

Abstract A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the single and combined effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and bioformulated Paecilomyces lilacinus against M. incognita race 1 on tomato. Dysteric Cambisol soil was used. The experiment took place in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The experiment was laid out as a 3x6 factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Three applications of the bionematicide were combined with five species of AMF plus an uninoculated control. The results indicated that AMF species differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in their efficacy of gall and egg mass inhibition, tomato root colonization rate as well as growth and fresh fruit yield enhancement. Glomus etunicatum and G. deserticola were the most efficient species. Two applications of the bionematicide more significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced galling and egg production than a single application. Individual combinations of two AMF (G. etunicatum and G. deserticola) with a double application of the bionematicide, resulted in the greatest gall and egg mass inhibition and consequently the greatest growth and fresh fruit yield enhancement.

scholarly journals Inheritance of fruit yield and its components in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
DINAR S. PATIL ◽  
A.M. MUSMADE ◽  
H.K. SHIRSATH
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

scholarly journals The role of clade competition in the diversification of North American canids

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (28) ◽  
pp. 8684-8689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Silvestro ◽  
Alexandre Antonelli ◽  
Nicolas Salamin ◽  
Tiago B. Quental
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Size ◽  
North American ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
Body Size Evolution ◽  
The Rich

The history of biodiversity is characterized by a continual replacement of branches in the tree of life. The rise and demise of these branches (clades) are ultimately determined by changes in speciation and extinction rates, often interpreted as a response to varying abiotic and biotic factors. However, understanding the relative importance of these factors remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Here we analyze the rich North American fossil record of the dog family Canidae and of other carnivores to tease apart the roles of competition, body size evolution, and climate change on the sequential replacement of three canid subfamilies (two of which have gone extinct). We develop a novel Bayesian analytic framework to show that competition from multiple carnivore clades successively drove the demise and replacement of the two extinct canid subfamilies by increasing their extinction rates and suppressing their speciation. Competitive effects have likely come from ecologically similar species from both canid and felid clades. These results imply that competition among entire clades, generally considered a rare process, can play a more substantial role than climate change and body size evolution in determining the sequential rise and decline of clades.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of Bangi (Cucumis melo L.) in charland agriculture affected by micronutrients

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
A.K.M. Golam Sarwar ◽  
Jannat-E-Tajkia ◽  
Sontosh Chandra Chanda ◽  
Md. Ashrafuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Summer Fruit ◽  
Plant Length

Bangi (Cucumis melo L.) is an important short duration summer fruit crop, it is rich in vitamins and minerals, facilitated to protect from hidden hunger. To expedite the growth attributes and fruit yield of Bangi through micronutrient application for the Charland Agriculture, an experiment was conducted at the farmer’s (Charland) field in two locations viz., Sadar and Belkuchi upazilas of Sirajgong district, Bangladesh. The crop was cultivated following farmer’s management practices in mada(s)/pits (spacing 3.5 m × 3.5 m) in RCBD design with 3 replications. Two fertilizer doses as control (farmers practice; cow dung + NPK) and improved practice (farmers practice + micronutrients), were used as experimental treatments. The application of micronutrients enhanced plant length and other growth descriptors and fruit yield as well; however, locations did not affect the studied descriptors except the number of secondary branches plant–1 and leaf characters. The plant length varied from 148.6 cm to 321.7 cm, the fruit yield (number plant–1) almost quadrupled and size more than double due to improved practice (with micronutrients) resulting in 4–5 times increase the farmer's profit compared to conventional (farmers) practices. Further research on the effect of micronutrients on nutritional quality enhancement (Biofortification) and self-life is suggested for better understanding and nutritional quality improvement processes of Bangi through nutrient management.

scholarly journals Correlation and Path Analysis Studies on Yield and Yield Components in Musk Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
S. Nanthakumar ◽  
R. S. Sankar ◽  
D. Rameshkumar
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Correlation And Path Analysis ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

Problem: The correlation co-efficient indicates the nature of association among the different traits, path analysis splits the correlation co-efficient into measure of direct and indirect effects thus providing understanding of the direct and indirect association of each character towards yield. Methods: An experiment on correlation and path analysis involving thirty F1 and six parents in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) was carried out at Department of Horticulture, Adhiparasakthi Agricultural College, Kalavai, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu India. Results: The fruit yield per plant had exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with individual fruit weight (0.845), fruit diameter (0.656), fruit length (0.536) and flesh thickness (0.503). Path coefficient analysis revealed that the characters viz., fruit weight exerted the highest positive direct effect (1.034) on fruit yield per vine followed by number of fruits per vine (0.497), days to first female flower anthesis (0.088), vine length (0.072) and fruit length (0.070). Conclusion: The fruit yield per plant can be improved by making selection of these traits in yield improvement programme.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality in Cantaloupe Plant (Cucumis melo Var. Cantaloupensis cv. Shahpasandi)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Mohsen Heidari ◽  
Nadia Bahremand ◽  
Mohammad Javad Arvin ◽  
Ghasem Mohamadinejad ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality
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