Assessment of the relationship of yield and its contributing traits in wheat

Wheat is an essential source of nutrition for humans and an important cereal crop of Pakistan due to its widespread use as food. To fulfill the nutrition needs of boosted population, crop yield must be improved. In this perspective, we conducted the experiment reported in this paper to achieve correlation and path coefficient attributes given by yield-related traits. Our study enables to understand the association and contribution of nine traits toward grain production. The genetic material was comprised of seven parents and twelve F1 hybrids. Correlation analysis showed that grain yield per spike, thousand grain weight, spike length, and number of tillers per plant have positive and significant correlation with grain yield per plant, at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that direct effects of number of tillers per plant, grain yield per spike, and spike length were positive. This data persuaded that selection based on these traits could be useful for breeding purposes to higher grain yield.

Improved Efficiency and Reliability of Hydraulic Fracture Modeling and Design with Standardized Stress Inputs for South Oil Fields in Sultanate of Oman

Hydraulic Fracturing (HF) is widely used in PDO in low permeability tight gas formations to enhance production. The application of HF has been expanded to the Oil South as conventional practice in enhancing the recovery and production at lower cost. HF stimulation is used in a number of prospects in the south Oman, targeting sandstone formations such as Gharif, Al Khlata, Karim and Khaleel, most of which have undergone depletion. Fracture dimension are influenced by a combination of operational, well design and subsurface parameters such as injected fluid properties, injection rate, well inclination and azimuth, rock mechanical properties, formation stresses (i.e. fracture pressures) etc. Accurate fracture pressure estimate in HF design and modeling improves reliability of HF placement, which is the key for improved production performance of HF. HF treatments in the studied fields provide large volumes of valuable data. Developing standardized tables and charts can streamline the process to generate input parameters for HF modeling and design in an efficient and consistent manner. Results of the study can assist with developing guidelines and workflow and for HF operations. Field HF data from more than 100 wells in south Oman fields were analyzed to derive the magnitude of breakdown pressure (BP), Fracture Breakdown Pressure (FBP), Instantaneous Shut-In Pressure (ISIP) pressure, and Fracture Closure Pressure (FCP) and develop input correlations for HF design. Estimated initial FCP (in-situ pore pressure conditions) is in the range of 15.6 - 16 kPa/mTVD at reservoir formation pressure gradient of about 10.8 kPa/m TVD bdf. However, most of the fields have undergone variable degree of depletion prior to the HF operation. Horizontal stresses in the reservoir decrease with depletion, it is therefore important to assess the reduction of FCP with reduction in pore pressure (stress depletion). Depletion stress path coefficient (i.e. change on FCP as a fraction of change in pore pressure) was derived based on historic field data and used to predict reduction of FCP as a function of future depletion. Data from this field indicates that the magnitude of decrease in fracture pressure is about 50% of the pore pressure change. Based on the data analysis of available HF data, standardized charts and tables were developed to estimate FCP, FBP, and ISIP values. Ratios of FBP and ISIP to FCP were computed to establish trend with depth to provide inputs to HF planning and design. Results indicate FBP/FCP ratio ranges between 1.24-1.35 and ISIP/FCP ratio ranges between 1.1 to 1.2. Developed workflow and standardized tables, charts and trends provide reliable predictions inputs for HF modeling and design. Incorporating these data can be leveraged to optimize parameters for HF design and modeling for future wells.

Validation of Acromegaly Quality of Life Questionnaire (AcroQol) for the Iranian Population

Background Acromegaly is a chronic disease seriously impacting the patients' quality of life. This study aimed to validate the Acromegaly Quality of Life Questionnaire (AcroQoL) for the Persian-speaking population. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 73 Iranian patients with a confirmed diagnosis of acromegaly. The content validity of the scales was evaluated by an expert panel of eight endocrinologists. Construct validity was assessed by using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was assessed on the basis of Cronbach’s alpha, and a goodness-of-fit (GoF) index was calculated to display whether the model fitted the data. Results The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) yielded values of 0.85 and 0.80, respectively. The average variance extracted (AVE) from physical and psychological dimensions was 0.520 and 0.462, respectively, exceeding the minimum criterion of 0.40. Cronbach’s alpha for physical and psychological dimensions equaled 0.868 and 0.866, respectively, indicating the adequate internal consistency of multiple items for each construct. The subscales’ R square and path coefficient were greater than the recommended threshold (physical dimension: 0.778, psychological dimension: 0.873), demonstrating the suitability of this criterion. Finally, the GoF value of 0.29 indicated the model's moderate fit. Conclusions The findings revealed that the Persian version of AcroQoL is of adequate validity and reliability for evaluating the quality of life of Iranian people with acromegaly.

Path-coefficient and correlation analysis in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) accessions over environments

In a breeding program, studies of genotypic and phenotypic relationships among agricultural crop traits are useful to design, evaluate, and develop selection criteria for desirable traits. Using path coefficient analysis, the present study was executed to estimate the phenotypic, genotypic, and environmental correlation coefficients between yield and yield-related traits and to determine the direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on yield per plant. A total of 30 genotypes of Vigna subterranea were studied under tropical conditions at two sites over two planting seasons (considered as four environments). The experiment at each site used a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data were collected on vegetative and yield component attributes. Based on analysis of variance, pooled results showed that there were positive and highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) among the 30 genotypes for all attributes studied. Highly significant and positive strong correlation at phenotypic level was observed for dry seed weight (0.856), hundred seed weight (0.754), fresh pod weight (0.789), and total pod weight (0.626) with yield in kg per hectare, while moderate positive correlations were observed for harvest cut (0.360) and days to maturity (0.356). However, a perfect positive correlation was observed for the dry weight of pods with seed yield. In contrast, days to 50% flowering (− 0.350) showed a negative significant relationship with yield per hectare. The dried pod weight attribute (1.00) had a high positive direct effect on yield. Fresh pod weight had the greatest indirect effect on yield per hectare, followed by the number of total pods by dry pod weight. As a result, dry pod weight, hundred seed weight, number of total pods, and fresh pod weight could be used as selection criteria to improve the seed yield of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea).

Structural Causality Between National Examination Score and The School Accreditation Categories

This study aims to compare and determine the best model to describe the relationship between National Education Standard (NES) and CBNE scores using generalized structured component analysis. Model 1 describes the causal relationship between the NES and CBNE based on the educational theory of the Ministry of National Education and the Ministry of Religion (2010), Model 2 describes the causal relationship between the NES and CBNE based on the educational theory of the Ministry of Education and Culture (2012), and Model 3 describes the causal relationship between the NES and CBNE based on the educational theory of the Ministry of Education and Culture (2017). The results of the structural model evaluation have found that in Model 1, the SI path coefficient to Academic Achievement (PA) is not significant, in Model 2, the SI path coefficient to PA and SPT to SPN is not significant and in Model 3, the SI path coefficient to PA is also not significant. The coefficient of determination of each endogenous latent variable for each model ranges from 0.20 - 0.75. While the resulting Q-square value for all models is more than 0.9 to represent very good predictive relevance. Based on the overall goodness of fit, it is found that Model 3 produces the largest FIT and AFIT values. So it can be said that model 3 is better than other models. This model produces 11 invalid indicator variables, namely points 17, 39, 51, 55, 57, 59, 73, 75, 76, 80, and 108. The study found that National Education Standards that significantly affect academic achievement are graduate competency standards, process standards, and educational assessment standards

Character Association and Path Coefficient Analysis in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Background: Correlation analysis informs us about the relative importance of the breeding traits and quite useful for plant breeders to formulate their breeding and selection strategies. Path coefficient analysis splits the correlation coefficient into the measures of indirect and direct effect. It identifies the indirect and direct influence of different autonomous genotype on a dependent trait. Present study aimed to determine major seed contributing components affecting seed yield and also to know the relationship among these components. Methods: Present investigation was carried out on 147 advanced breeding lines to know the correlations and path coefficient for 12 yield and yield contributing traits. The material was evaluated in augmented block design with 07 blocks, each block having 21 lines. A set of three check varieties were repeated in each block. Observations were recorded on number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, plant height (cm), silique/plant, fruiting zone length (cm), main shoot length (cm), number of seeds/siliquae, siliquae length (cm), biological yield/plant (g), seed yield/plant (g), harvest index and test weight. Result: The seed yield per plant showed positive and significant correlation with primary branches per plant (0.273), secondary branches per plant (0.280), siliquae per plant (0.627), biological yield per plant (0.744), harvest index (0.188), test weight (0.212) and oil content (0.225). Biological yield per plant (0.5747) had maximum direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by siliquae per plant (0.2438), harvest index (0.127), oil content (0.118) and test weight. These characters have positive and significant association with seed yield per plant. The study thus indicated that biological yield per plant, siliquae per plant, harvest index and test weight are the important characters which should be considered in selection programme in Indian mustard.

Growth regulators and their reflection on different hop genotypes cultivated under in vitro conditions

Hops is a new culture in Brazil. Tissue culture can be an important technique for rapid hop propagation. This paper aims to characterize responses from different genotypes under different growth regulators through the interrelationship of response variables important to hop in vitro growth. Three genotypes were cultivated in six culture media with different combinations of growth regulators, BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), IAA (3-indolacetic acid) and GA3 (gibberellic acid). The means were compared by orthogonal contrasts and the interrelationship of the response variables was performed by path analysis. American genotypes showed favorable root development under the BAP + IAA combination, while the use of IAA improved shoot development. The origin of genotypes was important for defining the best protocol for in vitro cultivation. The path coefficient showed that the variable number of shoots has stronger direct effect on the number of nodal segments. Additionally, in tissue culture assays, the use of a covariable and proper error distribution significantly increased experimental accuracy.

Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sayur Organik di "Orgo Organic Farm" Kota Malang

“Orgo Organic Farm” melakukan bisnis sayur organik mulai dari budidaya hingga pemasaran. Ketatnya persaingan bisnis sayur organik di Malang mengharuskan pelaku bisnis memahami faktor-faktor yang mendorong keputusan konsumen melakukan pembelian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas produk dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian di OOF. Data primer diperoleh dengan wawancara pelanggan OOF. Teknik accidental sampling digunakan untuk menentukan sampel pelanggan OOF. Data dianalisis dengan metode Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas produk dan harga berpengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian di OOF. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan konsumen dengan nilai p value 0,001 atau lebih kecil dari 0,05. Nilai original sample (path coefficient) 0,336 menunjukkan arah hubungan positif dan terdapat pengaruh harga terhadap keputusan konsumen. Harga tidak signifikan terhadap keputusan konsumen dengan nilai p value 0,109 atau lebih besar dari 0,05. Nilai original sampel (path coefficient) 0,172 menunjukan arah hubungan positif. Kata kunci : Harga Sayur, Keputusan Pembelian, Kualitas Sayur, Sayur Organik.

Building Brand Loyalty Based Brand Characteristic on Middle Eastern Culinary Msme Products

This research aims to determine the effect of brand characteristic variables, including brand reputation, brand predictability, and brand competence, on brand loyalty among MSME consumers of the Kak Fiet brand. The research sample was drawn using a non-probability sampling method called purposive sampling. One hundred twenty-seven respondents participated in this research. The data used in this research were primary data collected through questionnaires. Data analysis included validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, path coefficient tests, the goodness of fit tests, and hypothesis testing using the SmartPLS program. The results show that 1) brand reputation has a significant effect on brand loyalty; 2) brand predictability has no significant effect on brand loyalty; and 3) brand competence has a significant effect on brand loyalty. It demonstrates that the hypotheses that brand reputation has a significant effect on brand loyalty and that brand competence has a significant effect on brand loyalty are confirmed. In contrast, the hypothesis that brand predictability has a significant effect on brand loyalty is not proven. This means that not all brand characteristic elements have a significant effect on brand loyalty on Kak Fiet MSME products.

“The Effect Of Achievement Goals On Homework Behavior And Academic Emotions On Students Of Smp Negeri 1 Larantuka In East Flores Timur-Ntt-Indonesia”

Research reveals the impact of achievement goals on behavior in doing assignments and academic emotions to achieve learning goals. The study was conducted on 1200 students at SMP 1 Larantuka with the conclusion that the Achievement Goal (X) has a positive and significant effect on the behavior of doing assignments (Y) as evidenced by an error rate of 0.05 (α = 5%), the path coefficient is 0.237, the Sig value is t is 0.000 (0.000 < 0.05) and the adjusted R Square y value is 0.053. Achievement Goal (X) has a positive and significant effect on academic emotion (Z) as evidenced by the error rate of 0.05 (α=5%), the path coefficient of 0.379, the Sig.t value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05) and the value of Adjusted R Square of 0.141. Academic Emotion (Z) has a positive and significant effect on the behavior of doing tasks (Y) as evidenced by the error rate of 0.05 (α=5%), the path coefficient of 0.395, the Sig.t value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05) and Adjusted R Square value of 0.153. The achievement goal (X) has no significant effect on the behavior of doing the task (Y) as evidenced by a significance value of 0.076>0.05 (α=5%). Academic Emotion (Z) has a positive and significant effect on the behavior of doing the task (Y) as evidenced by the error rate of 0.05 (α=5%), the path coefficient of 0.356, the Sig.t value of 0.000 (0.000 <0.05), R Square value is 0.165 and R Square value is 0.242