scholarly journals Heat wave event facilitates defensive responses in invasive C3 plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. under elevated CO2 concentration to the detriment of insect herbivores

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenya Tian ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Chenchen Zhao ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Xuyuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
C3 Plant ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Heat Wave Event ◽  
Wave Event

AbstractTo predict and mitigate the effects of climate change on communities and ecosystems, the joint effects of extreme climatic events on species interactions need to be understood. Using the common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)—leaf beetle (Ophraella communa) system, we investigated the effects of heat wave and elevated CO2 on common ragweed growth, secondary metabolism, and the consequent impacts on the beetle. The results showed that elevated CO2 and heat wave facilitated A. Artemisiifolia growth; further, A. artemisiifolia accumulated large amounts of defensive secondary metabolites. Being fed on A. artemisiifolia grown under elevated CO2 and heat wave conditions resulted in the poor performance of O. communa (high mortality, long development period, and low reproduction). Overall, under elevated CO2, heat wave improved the defensive ability of A. artemisiifolia against herbivores. This implies that heat wave event will relieve harm of A. artemisiifolia to human under elevated CO2. On the other hand, super adaptability to climatic changes may aggravate invasive plant distribution, posing a challenge to the control of invasive plants in the future.

scholarly journals Estimates of common ragweed pollen emission and dispersion over Europe using RegCM-pollen model

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 17595-17641 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Liu ◽  
F. Solmon ◽  
R. Vautard ◽  
L. Hamaoui-Laguel ◽  
Cs. Zs. Torma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Ragweed Pollen ◽  
Pollen Emission ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Pollen Concentrations

Abstract. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is a highly allergenic and invasive plant in Europe. Its pollen can be transported over large distances and has been recognized as a significant cause of hayfever and asthma (D'Amato et al., 2007; Burbach et al., 2009). To simulate production and dispersion of common ragweed pollen, we implement a pollen emission and transport module in the Regional Climate Model (RegCM) version 4 using the framework of the Community Land Model (CLM) version 4.5. In the online model environment where climate is integrated with dispersion and vegetation production, pollen emissions are calculated based on the modelling of plant distribution, pollen production, species-specific phenology, flowering probability, and flux response to meteorological conditions. A pollen tracer model is used to describe pollen advective transport, turbulent mixing, dry and wet deposition. The model is then applied and evaluated on a European domain for the period 2000–2010. To reduce the large uncertainties notably due to ragweed density distribution on pollen emission, a calibration based on airborne pollen observations is used. Resulting simulations show that the model captures the gross features of the pollen concentrations found in Europe, and reproduce reasonably both the spatial and temporal patterns of flowering season and associated pollen concentrations measured over Europe. The model can explain 68.6, 39.2, and 34.3 % of the observed variance in starting, central, and ending dates of the pollen season with associated root mean square error (RMSE) equal to 4.7, 3.9, and 7.0 days, respectively. The correlation between simulated and observed daily concentrations time series reaches 0.69. Statistical scores show that the model performs better over the central Europe source region where pollen loads are larger. From these simulations health risks associated common ragweed pollen spread are then evaluated through calculation of exposure time above health-relevant threshold levels. The total risk area with concentration above 5 grains m−3 takes up 29.5 % of domain. The longest exposure time occurs on Pannonian Plain, where the number of days per year with the daily concentration above 20 grains m−3 exceeds 30.

Net ecosystem exchange of an uneven-aged managed forest in central Ontario, and the impact of a spring heat wave event

2014 ◽  
Vol 198-199 ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Geddes ◽  
Jennifer G. Murphy ◽  
Jon Schurman ◽  
Alexandre Petroff ◽  
Sean C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Net Ecosystem Exchange ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Heat Wave Event ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Management adaptation of invertebrate fisheries to an extreme marine heat wave event at a global warming hot spot

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3583-3593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Caputi ◽  
Mervi Kangas ◽  
Ainslie Denham ◽  
Ming Feng ◽  
Alan Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Heat Wave Event ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
Marine Heat Wave

scholarly journals Ragweed pollen production and dispersion modelling within a regional climate system, calibration and application over Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2769-2786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Fabien Solmon ◽  
Robert Vautard ◽  
Lynda Hamaoui-Laguel ◽  
Csaba Zsolt Torma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Ragweed Pollen ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Pollen Concentrations

Abstract. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is a highly allergenic and invasive plant in Europe. Its pollen can be transported over large distances and has been recognized as a significant cause of hay fever and asthma (D'Amato et al., 2007; Burbach et al., 2009). To simulate production and dispersion of common ragweed pollen, we implement a pollen emission and transport module in the Regional Climate Model (RegCM) version 4 using the framework of the Community Land Model (CLM) version 4.5. In this online approach pollen emissions are calculated based on the modelling of plant distribution, pollen production, species-specific phenology, flowering probability, and flux response to meteorological conditions. A pollen tracer model is used to describe pollen advective transport, turbulent mixing, dry and wet deposition. The model is then applied and evaluated on a European domain for the period 2000–2010. To reduce the large uncertainties notably due to the lack of information on ragweed density distribution, a calibration based on airborne pollen observations is used. Accordingly a cross validation is conducted and shows reasonable error and sensitivity of the calibration. Resulting simulations show that the model captures the gross features of the pollen concentrations found in Europe, and reproduce reasonably both the spatial and temporal patterns of flowering season and associated pollen concentrations measured over Europe. The model can explain 68.6, 39.2, and 34.3 % of the observed variance in starting, central, and ending dates of the pollen season with associated root mean square error (RMSE) equal to 4.7, 3.9, and 7.0 days, respectively. The correlation between simulated and observed daily concentrations time series reaches 0.69. Statistical scores show that the model performs better over the central Europe source region where pollen loads are larger and the model is better constrained. From these simulations health risks associated to common ragweed pollen spread are evaluated through calculation of exposure time above health-relevant threshold levels. The total risk area with concentration above 5 grains m−3 takes up 29.5 % of domain. The longest exposure time occurs on Pannonian Plain, where the number of days per year with the daily concentration above 20 grains m−3 exceeds 30.

scholarly journals Evaluation the WRF Model with Different Land Surface Schemes: Heat Wave Event Simulations and Its Relation to Pacific Variability over Coastal Region, Karachi, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12608
Author(s):  
Adil Dilawar ◽  
Baozhang Chen ◽  
Lifeng Guo ◽  
Shuan Liu ◽  
Muhammad Shafeeque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Heat Wave Event ◽  
Wave Event

This study investigates the relative role of land surface schemes (LSS) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, Version 4, to simulate the heat wave events in Karachi, Pakistan during 16–23 May 2018. The efficiency of the WRF model was evaluated in forecasting heat wave events over Karachi using the three different LSS, namely NOAH, NOAH-MP, and RUC. In addition to this we have used the longwave (RRTM) and shortwave (Dudhia) in all schemes. Three simulating setups were designed with a combination of shortwave, longwave, and LSS: E1 (Dudhia, RRTM, and Noah), E2 (Dudhia, RRTM, and Noah-MP), and E3 (Dudhia, RRTM, and RUC). All setups were carried out with a finer resolution of 1 km × 1 km. Findings of current study depicted that E2 produces a more realistic simulation of daily maximum temperature T(max) at 2m, sensible heat (SH), and latent heat (LH) because it has higher R2 and lower errors (BIAS, RMSE, MAE) compared to other schemes. Consequently, Noah-MP (LSS) accurately estimates T(max) and land surface heat fluxes (SH&LH) because uses multiple physics options for land atmosphere interaction processes. According to statistical analyses, E2 setup outperforms other setups in term of T(max) and (LH&SH) forecasting with the higher Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) agreement is 0.84 (0.89). This research emphasizes that the selection of LSS is of vital importance in the best simulation of T(max) and SH (LH) over Karachi. Further, it is resulted that the SH flux is taking a higher part to trigger the heat wave event intensity during May 2018 due to dense urban canopy and less vegetated area. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event played role to prolong and strengthen the heat wave period by effecting the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) through walker circulation extension.

A Typical Heat Wave Event and Daily Death Count in Beijing: A Case-crossover Study

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S24
Author(s):  
Jinliang Zhang ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Yun Zhou ◽  
Xiuge Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Heat Wave Event ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Wave Event ◽  
Death Count

scholarly journals 147 Changes in body temperature of lot-fed Bos taurus and Bos indicus steers during a heat wave

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 150-150
Author(s):  
Stephanie L Sammes ◽  
Angela M Lees ◽  
Judy A Cawdell-Smith ◽  
John B Gaughan
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Heat Wave Event ◽  
Wave Event

Abstract Body temperature (BT) is a reliable method for evaluating the thermal status of cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the regulation of BT in B. indicus and B. taurus steers during a heat wave event. Thirty-five steers (466.30±10.2kg) of mixed genotypes (B. taurus, n = 18; B. indicus, n = 17) were used in a larger 100-d study. Cattle were housed in six un-shaded pens at a commercial feedlot. Body temperature data for this were obtained at 1 h intervals over a 3-d heat wave event using in situ abdominal data loggers. Data were analysed using a repeated measures model, using residual maximum likelihood estimation. The model included genotype (B. taurus; B. indicus) and animal ID as random effects and hour as a fixed effect. Mean maximum BT occurred at 1500 h for B. taurus (40.52±0.03ºC) and 0400 h for B. indicus (40.48±0.31ºC). The BT of B. indicus decreased between 0400 h and 0700 h, and then increased to 1100 h (+0.10±0.01ºC/h), before decreasing again. The BT of B. taurus decreased between 0500 h and 0600 h, and then slowly increased (+0.04±0.01ºC/h) to 1500 h. Mean minimum BT occurred at 2100 h for B. taurus (40.12±0.11ºC) and 0700 h for B. indicus (40.00±0.22ºC). B. taurus maintained lower BT (40.21±0.05ºC) between 1900 h and 2200 h compared to B. indicus (40.27±0.05ºC) which may be due to disrupted heat loss mechanisms during the day, highlighting the importance of night time cooling. In response to increasing heat load, BT in B. taurus had slower increases but retained heat for longer, whilst B. indicus BT responded by a series of rapid increases and decreases. Developing an understanding of the differences in BT regulation in B. indicus and B. taurus will allow for more effective heat load management strategies during heat waves to be established.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Extreme Temperature (Heat Wave) in Bangladesh Using WRF-ARW Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Md. Abdul Aziz ◽  
M. A. Samad ◽  
M. R. Hasan ◽  
M. N. U. Bhuiyan ◽  
M. A. K. Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Wave ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Weather Research And Forecasting ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Heat Wave Event ◽  
Arw Model ◽  
Wave Event

Every year Bangladesh experiences different types of natural hazards and heat wave is one of them. In the present study, an advanced high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) numerical mesoscale model is used to simulate a severe heat wave event occurred during April over Bangladesh and eastern part of India. The model is integrated for 6 days starting from UTC of 19 April to UTC of 24 April 2016, on a single domain of 10 km horizontal resolution. For validation of the model performance, the model simulated results of temperature at 2 m height, relative humidity (RH), mean sea level pressure (MSLP) at UTC of 6 days are compared with the BMD observed data. And the results indicate that the model is able to simulate the occurrence of the heat wave event with 6 days over Bangladesh.

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