scholarly journals Impaired learning, memory, and extinction in posttraumatic stress disorder: translational meta-analysis of clinical and preclinical studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milou S. C. Sep ◽  
Elbert Geuze ◽  
Marian Joëls
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Trauma Memory

Background. Current evidence-based treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are efficacious in only part of PTSD patients. Therefore, novel neurobiologically-informed approaches are urgently needed. Clinical and translational neuroscience point to altered learning and memory processes as key in (models of) PTSD psychopathology. We extended this notion by clarifying at a meta-level i) the role of information valence, i.e. neutral versus emotional/fearful, and ii) comparability between clinical and preclinical phenotypes. We hypothesized that, cross-species, neutral versus emotional/fearful information processing is, respectively, impaired and enhanced in PTSD. Methods. This preregistered meta-analysis involved a literature search on PTSD+Learning/Memory+Behavior, performed in PubMed. First, the effect of information valence was estimated with a random-effects meta-regression. Then sources of variation were explored with a random forest-based analysis. Results. The analyses included 92 clinical (N=6732 humans) and 182 preclinical (N=6834 animals) studies. A general impairment of learning, memory and extinction processes was observed in PTSD patients, regardless of information valence. Impaired neutral learning/memory and fear extinction were also present in animal models of PTSD. Yet, PTSD enhanced fear/trauma memory in preclinical studies and impaired emotional memory in patients. Clinical data on fear/trauma memory was limited. Mnemonic phase and valence explained most variation in rodents but not humans. Conclusions. Impaired neutral learning/memory and fear extinction show very stable cross-species PTSD phenotypes. These could be targeted for novel PTSD treatments, building on neurobiological animal studies. We argue that seemingly cross-species discrepancies in emotional/fearful memory deserve further study; until then animal models targeting this phenotype should be applied with care.

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathew Hoskins ◽  
Jennifer Pearce ◽  
Andrew Bethell ◽  
Liliya Dankova ◽  
Corrado Barbui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundPharmacological treatment is widely used for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) despite questions over its efficacy.AimsTo determine the efficacy of all types of pharmacotherapy, as monotherapy, in reducing symptoms of PTSD, and to assess acceptability.MethodA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was undertaken; 51 studies were included.ResultsSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were found to be statistically superior to placebo in reduction of PTSD symptoms but the effect size was small (standardised mean difference −0.23, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.12). For individual pharmacological agents compared with placebo in two or more trials, we found small statistically significant evidence of efficacy for fluoxetine, paroxetine and venlafaxine.ConclusionsSome drugs have a small positive impact on PTSD symptoms and are acceptable. Fluoxetine, paroxetine and venlafaxine may be considered as potential treatments for the disorder. For most drugs there is inadequate evidence regarding efficacy for PTSD, pointing to the need for more research in this area.

scholarly journals Prevalence of suicidality, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and anxiety among female sex workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Millan-Alanis ◽  
Farid Carranza-Navarro ◽  
Humberto de León-Gutiérrez ◽  
Paloma C. Leyva-Camacho ◽  
Andrea Fernanda Guerrero-Medrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Altered sleep behavior in a genetic mouse model of impaired fear extinction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Maria Fritz ◽  
Matthias Kreuzer ◽  
Alp Altunkaya ◽  
Nicolas Singewald ◽  
Thomas Fenzl
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strain ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Fear Extinction ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Symptom ◽  
Sleep Behavior

AbstractSleep disturbances are a common complaint of anxiety patients and constitute a hallmark feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emerging evidence suggests that poor sleep is not only a secondary symptom of anxiety- and trauma-related disorders but represents a risk factor in their development, for example by interfering with emotional memory processing. Fear extinction is a critical mechanism for the attenuation of fearful and traumatic memories and multiple studies suggest that healthy sleep is crucial for the formation of extinction memories. However, fear extinction is often impaired in anxiety- and trauma-related disorders—an endophenotype that is perfectly modelled in the 129S1/SvImJ inbred mouse strain. To investigate whether these mice exhibit altered sleep at baseline that could predispose them towards maladaptive fear processing, we compared their circadian sleep/wake patterns to those of typically extinction-competent C57BL/6 mice. We found significant differences regarding diurnal distribution of sleep and wakefulness, but also sleep architecture, spectral features and sleep spindle events. With regard to sleep disturbances reported by anxiety- and PTSD patients, our findings strengthen the 129S1/SvImJ mouse models’ face validity and highlight it as a platform to investigate novel, sleep-focused diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Whether the identified alterations causally contribute to its pathological anxiety/PTSD-like phenotype will, however, have to be addressed in future studies.

The Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Birth Parents in Child Protection Services: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110484
Author(s):  
Aino Suomi ◽  
Annalese Bolton ◽  
Dave Pasalich
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Birth Parents ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background Birth parents of children in the statutory child protection system have disproportionally high rates of trauma exposure and mental health problems, however, little is known about the extent to which this population display symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) or Complex PTSD. This study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the PTSD rates in parent samples involved in the child protection services. Method Articles were identified by searching PSYCINFO, Medline, CINAHL, and PILOTS. The search included terminology pertaining to parents, trauma, and child protective services and we included all peer-reviewed articles that reported a valid measure of PTSD and child protection service involvement. Results Fifteen studies were included in the review with a combined prevalence estimate for PTSD based on 11 studies ( n = 4871) was 26.0% (95% CI 20.0–32.0%) for mothers, and estimate based on three studies ( n = 2606) was 13.0% (95% CI 7.0%–18.0%) for fathers and 23.0% (95% CI 17.0–29.0) for all parents based on 7848 responses. Four studies that did not report prevalence rates, reported sample mean scores for PTSD that were consistently higher than in general population. Factors associated with parents’ PTSD symptoms included mental health co-morbidities, victimization of physical and sexual violence, and perpetration of child abuse. Conclusion There are high rates of PTSD in parents involved in the protective system, thus more targeted efforts are needed to identify and adequately address trauma symptoms of parents as part of child protection interventions.

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