scholarly journals Making Plants Smell Like Moths: Nicotiana benthamiana release moth pheromone alcohol, aldehyde and acetate upon transient expression of biosynthetic genes of different origin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Han Xia ◽  
Bao-Jian Ding ◽  
Shuanglin Dong ◽  
Hong-Lei Wang ◽  
Per Hofvander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Insect Pheromones ◽  
Headspace Volatiles ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Novel Strategy

Using genetically modified plants as natural dispensers of insect pheromones may eventually become part of a novel strategy for integrated pest management. In the present study, we first characterized essential functional genes for sex pheromone biosynthesis in the rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker) by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana, including two desaturase genes CsupYPAQ and CsupKPSE, and a reductase gene CsupFAR2. Subsequently, we co-expressed CsupYPAQ and CsupFAR2 together with the previously characterized moth desaturase AtrΔ11 in N. benthamiana. This resulted in the production of (Z)-11-hexadecenol together with (Z)-11-hexadecenal, the major pheromone component of C. suppressalis. Both compounds were collected from the transformed N. benthamiana headspace volatiles using solid phase microextraction. We finally added the expression of a yeast acetyltransferase gene ATF1 and could then confirm also (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate release from the plant. Our results pave the way for stable transformation of plants to be used as biological pheromone sources in different pest control strategies.

Electron microscope study of the effects of radiation on insect fertility

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
Judy Ju-Hu Chiang ◽  
Robert Kuo-Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Rice Stem Borer ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Germ cells from the rice stem borer Chilo suppresalis, were examined by light and electron microscopy. Damages to organelles within the germ cells were observed. The mitochondria, which provide the cell with metabolic energy, were seen to disintegrate within the germ cell. Lysosomes within the germ cell were also seen to disintegrate. The subsequent release of hydrolytic enzymesmay be responsible for the destruction of organelles within the germ cell. Insect spermatozoa were seen to lose the ability to move because of radiation treatment. Damage to the centrioles, one of which is in contact with the tail, may be involved in causing sperm immobility.

scholarly journals Latest Developments in Insect Sex Pheromone Research and Its Application in Agricultural Pest Management

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi ◽  
Justin George ◽  
Gadi V. P. Reddy ◽  
Xinnian Zeng ◽  
Angel Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Pheromone Biosynthesis ◽  
Insect Pheromones ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Recent Developments

Since the first identification of the silkworm moth sex pheromone in 1959, significant research has been reported on identifying and unravelling the sex pheromone mechanisms of hundreds of insect species. In the past two decades, the number of research studies on new insect pheromones, pheromone biosynthesis, mode of action, peripheral olfactory and neural mechanisms, and their practical applications in Integrated Pest Management has increased dramatically. An interdisciplinary approach that uses the advances and new techniques in analytical chemistry, chemical ecology, neurophysiology, genetics, and evolutionary and molecular biology has helped us to better understand the pheromone perception mechanisms and its practical application in agricultural pest management. In this review, we present the most recent developments in pheromone research and its application in the past two decades.

Double ryanodine receptor mutations confer higher diamide resistance in rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing‐Mei Huang ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Lin‐Feng He ◽  
Chong Liu ◽  
Wen‐Chao Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Chilo Suppressalis ◽  
Rice Stem Borer

scholarly journals α-Terpineol: An Aggregation Pheromone in Optatus palmaris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Pascoe, 1889) Enhanced by Its Host-Plant Volatiles

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2861
Author(s):  
José Manuel Pineda-Ríos ◽  
Juan Cibrián-Tovar ◽  
Luis Martín Hernández-Fuentes ◽  
Rosa María López-Romero ◽  
Lauro Soto-Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Aggregation Pheromone ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Host Plant Volatiles ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Volatile Production

The Annonaceae fruits weevil (Optatus palmaris) causes high losses to the soursop production in Mexico. Damage occurs when larvae and adults feed on the fruits; however, there is limited research about control strategies against this pest. However, pheromones provide a high potential management scheme for this curculio. Thus, this research characterized the behavior and volatile production of O. palmaris in response to their feeding habits. Olfactometry assays established preference by weevils to volatiles produced by feeding males and soursop. The behavior observed suggests the presence of an aggregation pheromone and a kairomone. Subsequently, insect volatiles sampled by solid-phase microextraction and dynamic headspace detected a unique compound on feeding males increased especially when feeding. Feeding-starvation experiments showed an averaged fifteen-fold increase in the concentration of a monoterpenoid on males feeding on soursop, and a decrease of the release of this compound males stop feeding. GC-MS analysis of volatiles identified this compound as α-terpineol. Further olfactometry assays using α-terpineol and soursop, demonstrated that this combination is double attractive to Annonaceae weevils than only soursop volatiles. The results showed a complementation effect between α-terpineol and soursop volatiles. Thus, α-terpineol is the aggregation pheromone of O. palmaris, and its concentration is enhanced by host-plant volatiles.

scholarly journals Metabolism of the optical isomers of cyanofenphos in rice stem borer larvae.

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo OHKAWA ◽  
Nobuyoshi MIKAMI ◽  
Junshi MIYAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Stem Borer ◽  
Optical Isomers ◽  
Rice Stem Borer

Knockdown of the GABA receptor RDL genes decreases abamectin susceptibility in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangkun Meng ◽  
Xuemei Yang ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Heng Jiang ◽  
Huichen Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Chilo Suppressalis ◽  
Rice Stem Borer
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