scholarly journals Tasselyzer, a machine learning method to quantify anther extrusion in maize, based on PlantCV

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Teng ◽  
Noah Fahlgren ◽  
Blake C. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Anther Extrusion ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Sterile Mutant

Male fertility in maize is controlled by development and genetic programming and is directly impacted by environmental factors such as light, temperature, water, and nutrient availability; the control of this trait has substantial agronomic utility. Maize anthers emerge from male florets, which are clustered to form the tassel at the top of the plant separated from the female ear. Quantification of anther extrusion is one important aspect in the determination of male fertility. To address the lack of an automated method to measure anther extrusion on a large scale, we developed 'Tasselyzer', a quantitative, image-based color trait analysis pipeline for tassel image segmentation, based on the existing PlantCV platform, and we applied it to determine the proportion of anther extrusion. We evaluated Tasselyzer in maize during the seven-day period of pollen shedding as well as in the temperature-sensitive male sterile mutant dcl5. With tassel images obtained with a smart phone camera, we show that the anther scores positively correlate with anther extrusion, and such methods can be used to measure environmental impacts on the dcl5 mutant. Altogether, this work establishes an automated and inexpensive method to quantify anther extrusion in maize, which would be useful for research and breeding.

A Temperature-Sensitive Male-Sterile Mutant of the Tomato

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Rick ◽  
John E. Boynton
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sterile Mutant

scholarly journals Restoration of Male Fertility in Seasonally Dependent Male Sterile Mutant Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum cv. First.

2000 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Masuda ◽  
Koji Uchida ◽  
Kenji Kato ◽  
Stephen G. Agong
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sterile Mutant

A TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MALE-STERILE MUTANT OF THE TOMATO

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (5Part1) ◽  
pp. 601-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Rick ◽  
John E. Boynton
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sterile Mutant

scholarly journals Fine Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis For A Novel Male-Sterile Mutant Ms40 in Maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Xiaowei ◽  
Yue Yujing ◽  
Gu Zicheng ◽  
Huang Qing ◽  
Pan Zijin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Bhlh Transcription Factor ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Sterile Mutant ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Maize male sterile mutant 40 (ms40) was obtained from the progeny of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) treated inbred line RP125. Genetic analysis showed that it was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Cytological observation of anthers revealed that abnormal cuticles and disappearing of Ubisch bodies presented in ms40. Moreover, its tapetum exhibited delayed degradation and blocked the formation of abnormal microspore. Using map-based cloning, ms40 locus was located in a 282-kb interval on chromosome 4, five annotated genes were predicted within this region. PCR-based sequencing detected a single nonsynonymous SNP (G>A) which changed glycine (G) to arginine (A) in the seventh exon of Zm00001d053895, while no difference was found for the other four genes between ms40 and RP125. Zm00001d053895 encodes the bHLH transcription factor bHLH51 which protein was located at nuclear. Phylogenetic analysis presented that bHLH51 had the highest homology with Sb04g001650, a tapetum degeneration retardation (TDR) bHLH transcription factor in Sorghum bicolor. Co-expression analysis exposed a total of 1192 genes coexpressed with Zm00001d053895 in maize, 647 out of 1192 were anther-specific genes. In summary, these findings are conducive to the marker-assisted selection of ms40 in hybrid breeding and laid a foundation for further studies on the mechanisms of male fertility.

scholarly journals Variability in expression of male fertility in triticale (Xtriticosecale wittmack) with Triticum timopheevi cytoplasm

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Góral ◽  
Mirosław Tyrka ◽  
Stefan Stojałowski ◽  
Maria Wędzony
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Triticum Timopheevi ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plant Fertility

Variability in expression of male fertility in triticale (Xtriticosecalewittmack) withTriticum timopheevicytoplasmWe present a reliable, visual method for evaluation of the level of male fertility during flowering, that is indispensable for breeding of hybrid cultivars of winter triticale based on the cms-T.timopheevisystem. Detailed observations of anther development were performed on 20 F2and BC1plants derived from crosses between male-sterile and fertility restoring lines. Variation of anther development within florets, spikelets, spikes, and among spikes of the same plant was examined. Hierarchic analysis showed significant role of these factors in determination of anther development, irrespective of the level of plant fertility. The sterilizing effect of cytoplasm was always better visible in the tip and base spikelets of the spike, in the third floret, and the anther adjacent to the floret axis. Our data indicate that during selection toward male-sterile plants at anthesis, at least 5 spikes should be evaluated. Special attention should be paid to the development of the anthers at the 2ndand 7thspikelet of the spike along with the variability in anther development within spikelet and floret. The anthers in the tip and base spikelets of the spike must be precisely evaluated during selection toward restorer lines.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Photoperiod-Associated Genes Expressed in Rice Anthers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Sun ◽  
Duoxiang Wang ◽  
Jingbin Li ◽  
Yaqi Lei ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Fertility ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive

Environmental conditions, such as photoperiod and temperature, can affect male fertility in plants. While this feature is heavily exploited in rice to generate male-sterile lines for hybrid breeding, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we use a transcriptomics approach to identify key genes and regulatory networks affecting pollen maturation in rice anthers in response to different day lengths. A total of 11,726 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were revealed, of which 177 were differentially expressed at six time points over a 24-h period. GO enrichment analysis revealed that genes at all time points were enriched in transport, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolic processes, and signaling pathways, particularly phytohormone signaling. In addition, co-expression network analysis revealed four modules strongly correlated with photoperiod. Within these four modules, 496 hub genes were identified with a high degree of connectivity to other photoperiod-sensitive DEGs, including two previously reported photoperiod- and temperature-sensitive genes affecting male fertility, Carbon Starved Anther and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, respectively. This work provides a new understanding on photoperiod-sensitive pollen development in rice, and our gene expression data will provide a new, comprehensive resource to identify new environmentally sensitive genes regulating male fertility for use in crop improvement.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

An Improved Quantitative Image Analyser

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
J.P. Fallon ◽  
P.J. Gregory ◽  
C.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Image Analyser ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results

Quantitative image analysis systems have been used for several years in research and quality control applications in various fields including metallurgy and medicine. The technique has been applied as an extension of subjective microscopy to problems requiring quantitative results and which are amenable to automatic methods of interpretation.Feature extraction. In the most general sense, a feature can be defined as a portion of the image which differs in some consistent way from the background. A feature may be characterized by the density difference between itself and the background, by an edge gradient, or by the spatial frequency content (texture) within its boundaries. The task of feature extraction includes recognition of features and encoding of the associated information for quantitative analysis.Quantitative Analysis. Quantitative analysis is the determination of one or more physical measurements of each feature. These measurements may be straightforward ones such as area, length, or perimeter, or more complex stereological measurements such as convex perimeter or Feret's diameter.

A quantitative image analysis method for the determination of cocontinuity in polymer blends

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
William A. Heeschen
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Phase Ratio ◽  
Irregular Shapes ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Discrete Domains ◽  
A Domains

Two new morphological measurements based on digital image analysis, CoContinuity and CoContinuity Balance, have been developed and implemented for quantitative measurement of morphology in polymer blends. The morphology of polymer blends varies with phase ratio, composition and processing. A typical morphological evolution for increasing phase ratio of polymer A to polymer B starts with discrete domains of A in a matrix of B (A/B < 1), moves through a cocontinuous distribution of A and B (A/B ≈ 1) and finishes with discrete domains of B in a matrix of A (A/B > 1). For low phase ratios, A is often seen as solid convex particles embedded in the continuous B phase. As the ratio increases, A domains begin to evolve into irregular shapes, though still recognizable as separate domains. Further increase in the phase ratio leads to A domains which extend into and surround the B phase while the B phase simultaneously extends into and surrounds the A phase.

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