scholarly journals Identification of new leaf intrinsic yield genes using cross-species network analysis in plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Luca Curci ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Niklas Mähler ◽  
Carolin Seyfferth ◽  
Chanaka Mannapperuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Plant Defense Responses ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling

Plant leaves differ in their size, form and structure, and the processes of cell division and cell expansion contribute to this diversity. Leaf transcriptional networks covering cell division and cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana, maize (Zea mays) and aspen (Populus tremula) were compared to identify candidate genes that are conserved in plant growth and ultimately have the potential to increase biomass (intrinsic yield, IY). Our approach revealed that genes showing strongly conserved co-expression were mainly involved in fundamental leaf developmental processes such as photosynthesis, translation, and cell proliferation. Next, known intrinsic yield genes (IYGs) together with cross-species conserved networks were used to predict novel potential Arabidopsis leaf IYGs. Using an in-depth literature screening, 34 out of 100 top predicted IYGs were confirmed to affect leaf phenotype if mutated or overexpressed and thus represent novel potential IYGs. Globally, these new IYGs were involved in processes mostly covering cell cycle, plant defense responses, gibberellin, auxin and brassinosteroid signaling. Application of loss-of-function lines and phenotypic characterization confirmed two newly predicted IYGs to be involved in leaf growth (NPF6.4 and LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY2). In conclusion, the presented network approach offers an integrative cross-species strategy to identify new yield genes and to accelerate plant breeding.

scholarly journals The reduction in maize leaf growth under mild drought affects the transition between cell division and cell expansion and cannot be restored by elevated gibberellic acid levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Nelissen ◽  
Xiao-Huan Sun ◽  
Bart Rymen ◽  
Yusuke Jikumaru ◽  
Mikko Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Mild Drought

Developmental stages of delayed-greening leaves inferred from measurements of chlorophyll content and leaf growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Stefan Czech ◽  
Kazimierz Strzałka ◽  
Ulrich Schurr ◽  
Shizue Matsubara
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Delayed Greening

Chlorophyll (Chl) accumulation and leaf growth were analysed in delayed-greening leaves of Theobroma cacao (L.) to examine whether these parameters are correlated during leaf development and can be used as non-destructive indicators of leaf developmental stages. There was a clear correlation between Chl content and leaf relative growth rate (RGR) and between Chl content and percentage of full leaf expansion (%FLE) under different growth conditions. Five distinct developmental phases were defined according to the correlation between these parameters and corroborated by data from the analyses of leaf growth (epidermal cell size and specific leaf area) or photosynthetic properties (maximal PSII efficiency, CO2 assimilation and non-structural carbohydrate contents). The five phases were characterised by rapid leaf expansion by cell division (I), pronounced cell expansion (II), development of photosynthetic capacity concomitant with reinforcement of leaf structure (III), and maturation (IV and V). The transition from cell division to cell expansion happened uniformly across the leaf lamina between phase I and II; the sink-to-source transition was found between phase III and IV. These results demonstrate coordinated development of photosynthetic machinery and leaf structure in delayed-greening leaves and provide a simple and non-invasive method for estimation of leaf developmental stages in T. cacao.

scholarly journals The Control of Cell Expansion, Cell Division, and Vascular Development by Brassinosteroids: A Historical Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1743
Author(s):  
Man-Ho Oh ◽  
Saxon H. Honey ◽  
Frans E. Tax
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling

Steroid hormones are important signaling molecules in plants and animals. The plant steroid hormone brassinosteroids were first isolated and characterized in the 1970s and have been studied since then for their functions in plant growth. Treatment of plants or plant cells with brassinosteroids revealed they play important roles during diverse developmental processes, including control of cell expansion, cell division, and vascular differentiation. Molecular genetic studies, primarily in Arabidopsis thaliana, but increasingly in many other plants, have identified many genes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and responses. Here we review the roles of brassinosteroids in cell expansion, cell division, and vascular differentiation, comparing the early physiological studies with more recent results of the analysis of mutants in brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling genes. A few representative examples of other molecular pathways that share developmental roles with brassinosteroids are described, including pathways that share functional overlap or response components with the brassinosteroid pathway. We conclude by briefly discussing the origin and conservation of brassinosteroid signaling.

scholarly journals DROOPY LEAF1 controls leaf architecture by orchestrating early brassinosteroid signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21766-21774
Author(s):  
Meicheng Zhao ◽  
Sha Tang ◽  
Haoshan Zhang ◽  
Miaomiao He ◽  
Jihong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Preferential Expression ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling ◽  
Sequential Reduction

Leaf architecture directly determines canopy structure, and thus, grain yield in crops. Leaf droopiness is an agronomic trait primarily affecting the cereal leaf architecture but the genetic basis and underlying molecular mechanism of this trait remain unclear. Here, we report that DROOPY LEAF1 (DPY1), an LRR receptor-like kinase, plays a crucial role in determining leaf droopiness by controlling the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling output inSetaria, an emerging model for Panicoideae grasses. Loss-of-function mutation in DPY1 led to malformation of vascular sclerenchyma and low lignin content in leaves, and thus, an extremely droopy leaf phenotype, consistent with its preferential expression in leaf vascular tissues. DPY1 interacts with and competes for SiBAK1 and as a result, causes a sequential reduction in SiBRI1–SiBAK1 interaction, SiBRI1 phosphorylation, and downstream BR signaling. Conversely, DPY1 accumulation and affinity of the DPY1–SiBAK1 interaction are enhanced under BR treatment, thus preventing SiBRI1 from overactivation. As such, those findings reveal a negative feedback mechanism that represses leaf droopiness by preventing an overresponse of early BR signaling to excess BRs. Notably, plants overexpressing DPY1 have more upright leaves, thicker stems, and bigger panicles, suggesting potential utilization for yield improvement. The maize ortholog of DPY1 rescues the droopy leaves indpy1, suggesting its conserved function in Panicoideae. Together, our study provides insights into how BR signaling is scrutinized byDPY1to ensure the upward leaf architecture.

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