scholarly journals Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and characterization of the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from slaughtered cattle in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Bosco Ntivuguruzwa ◽  
Anita Michel ◽  
Francis Babaman Kolo ◽  
Ivan Emil Mwikarago ◽  
Claude Semuto Ngabonziza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Mycobacterial Species ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Individual Risk Factors

Background: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an endemic disease in Rwanda, but little is known about its prevalence and causative mycobacterial species. The disease causes tremendous losses in livestock and wildlife and remains a significant threat to public health. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study employing a systematic random sampling of cattle (n=300) with the collection of retropharyngeal lymph nodes and tonsils (n=300) irrespective of granulomatous lesions was carried out in six abattoirs to investigate the prevalence and identify mycobacterial species using culture, acid-fast bacteria staining, polymerase chain reaction, and GeneXpert assay. Individual risk factors and the origin of samples were analysed for association with the prevalence. Findings: Of the 300 samples, six were collected with visible TB-like lesions. Our findings demonstrated the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in 1.7% (5/300) of sampled slaughtered cattle. M. bovis was isolated from 1.3% (4/300) animals while one case was caused by a rifampicin-resistance (RR) M. tuberculosis. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria were identified in 12.0% (36/300) of the sampled cattle. There were no significant associations between the prevalence and abattoir category, age, sex, and breeds of slaughtered cattle. Conclusions: This study is the first in Rwanda to isolate both M. bovis and RR M. tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle indicating that bTB is prevalent in Rwanda with a low prevalence. The isolation of RR M. tuberculosis from cattle indicates possible zooanthroponotic transmission of M. tuberculosis and close human-cattle contact. To protect humans against occupational zoonotic diseases, it is essential to control bTB in cattle and raise the awareness among all occupational groups as well as reinforce biosafety at the farm level and in the abattoirs.

scholarly journals Insights into the ancestry evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from analysis of Mycobacterium riyadhense

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtian Guan ◽  
Musa Garbati ◽  
Sara Mfarrej ◽  
Talal AlMutairi ◽  
Thomas Laval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dna Sensors ◽  
Mycobacterial Species ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cumulative Process ◽  
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

Abstract Current evolutionary scenarios posit the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from an environmental saprophyte through a cumulative process of genome adaptation. Mycobacterium riyadhense, a related bacillus, is being increasingly isolated from human clinical cases with tuberculosis-like symptoms in various parts of the world. To elucidate the evolutionary relationship between M. riyadhense and other mycobacterial species, including members of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC), eight clinical isolates of M. riyadhense were sequenced and analyzed. We show, among other features, that M. riyadhense shares a large number of conserved orthologs with M. tuberculosis and shows the expansion of toxin/antitoxin pairs, PE/PPE family proteins compared with other non-tuberculous mycobacteria. We observed M. riyadhense lacks wecE gene which may result in the absence of lipooligosaccharides (LOS) IV. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of infected macrophages reveals genes encoding inducers of Type I IFN responses, such as cytosolic DNA sensors, were relatively less expressed by macrophages infected with M. riyadhense or M. kansasii, compared to BCG or M. tuberculosis. Overall, our work sheds new light on the evolution of M. riyadhense, its relationship to the MTBC, and its potential as a system for the study of mycobacterial virulence and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Exposure of Wild Boar to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in France since 2000 Is Consistent with the Distribution of Bovine Tuberculosis Outbreaks in Cattle

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e77842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Richomme ◽  
Mariana Boadella ◽  
Aurélie Courcoul ◽  
Benoît Durand ◽  
Antoine Drapeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Pulmonary Mycobacteriosis in Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
T. Y. Raheem ◽  
B. A. Iwalokun ◽  
A. Oluwadun ◽  
O. A. Adesesan ◽  
N. Tochukwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen

Background: Pulmonary mycobacteriosis has been documented in HIV-infected, diabetics, asthmatics, smokers and alcoholics and its progression and severity are affected by these risk factors. Inappropriate diagnosis of mycobacteriosis could lead to inappropriate treatment with anti- tuberculosis drugs. Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted in patients with TB-like diseases attending six DOTs centres in Lagos, Nigeria, from May 2012 to October 2016. Participants’ informed consent was obtained, structured questionnaires administered to obtain socio-demographic and co-morbid data. Sputum samples collected and processed for microscopy and culture using Lowenstein-Jensen medium with or without pyruvate and MGIT 960 liquid medium. Mycobacteria were identified using MPT64 immunochromatographic, biochemical and molecular methods. This study investigated the presence and prevalence of mycobacteriosis in the participants and assessed the risk factors for the mycobacterial infections. Results: Of the 1,020 participants, 339 (33.2%) had mycobacteriosis of which 33 (9.7%) were caused by Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) and 306 (90.3%) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Of the isolated 306 MTBC, 247 (80.7%) were M. tuberculosis, 28 (9.2%) were M. africanum, 23 (7.5%) were M. bovis while 8(2.6%) were M. ulcerans [P < 0.0005]. The 33 NTM showed 11 (33.3%), 20 (60.6%) had HIV, 8(24.2%) M. fortuitum, 2 (6.1%) M. abscessus, 2 (6.1%) M. scrofulacium, 6 (18.2%) M. kansasii, 4 (12.1%) M. megateriense and 11 (33.3%) Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Sequence analysis of the 16s rRNA of the 11 MAC showed 3 (27.3%) M. avium, 5(45.5%) M. intracellulare, 2(18.2%) M. colombiense and 1(9.1%) M. velneri.  M. fortuitum and MAC were significantly (P<0.05) associated with HIV infection, while only M. fortuitum relate strongly with diabetes (P <0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that mycobacteriosis is caused by different species of MTBC and NTM. Relatively high mycobacteriosis were detected during dry season and were significantly associated with gender, age, HIV and diabetes.

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