scholarly journals Predictors and consequences of HIV status disclosure to adolescents living with HIV in Eastern Cape, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanrewaju Edun ◽  
Yulia Shenderovich ◽  
Siyanai Zhou ◽  
Elona Toska ◽  
Lucy C Okell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Art Adherence ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Living With Hiv

Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends full disclosure of HIV-positive status to adolescents who acquired HIV perinatally (APHIV) by age 12. However, even among adolescents (aged 10-19) already on antiretroviral therapy (ART), disclosure rates are low. Caregivers often report the child being too young and fear of disclosure worsening adolescents mental health as reasons for non-disclosure. Evidence is limited about predictors of disclosure and its association with adherence, viral suppression, and mental health outcomes among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: Analyses included three rounds (2014-2018) of data collected among a closed cohort of adolescents living with HIV in Eastern Cape, South Africa. We used logistic regression with respondent random-effects to identify factors associated with disclosure, and assess differences in ART adherence, viral suppression, and mental health symptoms between adolescents by disclosure status. We also explored differences in the change in mental health symptoms and ART adherence between study rounds and disclosure groups with logistic regression. Results: 813 APHIV were interviewed at baseline, of whom 769 (94.6%) and 729 (89.7%) were interviewed at the second and third rounds, respectively. The proportion aware of their HIV-positive status increased from 63.1% at the first round to 85.5% by the third round. Older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.24; 1.07 - 1.43) and living in an urban location (aOR: 2.76; 1.67 - 4.45) were associated with disclosure between interviews. There was no association between awareness of HIV-positive status and ART adherence, viral suppression, or mental health symptoms among all APHIV interviewed. However, among APHIV not aware of their status at baseline, adherence decreased at the second round among those who were disclosed to (N=131) and increased among those not disclosed to (N=151) (interaction aOR: 0.39; 0.19 - 0.80). There was no significant difference in the change in mental health symptoms between study rounds and disclosure groups. Conclusions: Awareness of HIV-positive status was not associated with higher rates of mental health symptoms, or lower rates of viral suppression among adolescents. Disclosure was not associated with worse mental health. These findings support the recommendation for timely disclosure to APHIV, however, adherence support post-disclosure is important.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression among HIV-Positive Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy in O.R. Tambo, Eastern Cape, South Africa: A cross-sectional descriptive study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dlulane Yola Zimasa ◽  
Apalata Teke ◽  
Dominic Targema Abaver
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Hiv Positive Adults ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Living with HIV/AIDS is associated with negative emotional and bodily symptoms; however, there is paucity of data on the prevalence and associated factors depression among this population. This study investigate the prevalence and factors contributing to depression among HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in O.R. Tambo Eastern Cape, South Africa. Method This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 334 adults receiving ART in the two Community Health Centers in OR Tambo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa. The Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was used to collect data, in addition to a semi-structured questionnaire on coping mechanism and challenges in seeking help with depressive symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis were used to assess the factors associated with depression among the HIV-positive adults. Results The prevalence of depression among the HIV-positive adults receiving ART was 44%, and the majority of the patient’s depression fall within the borderline and moderate threshold. The prevalence of depression was significantly higher among females (71.0%; p < 0.0003) and unemployed (73.0%; p < 0.0014) HIV-positive adults. Participants not benefiting from any form of social grant exhibited higher prevalence of depression (79%). Race (p=0.590), age (p=0.338) and married participants (p=0.511) show no statistical significant association between HIV-positive adults accessing ART and depression. Unadjusted logistic regression model show being female (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.23-3.23; p < 0.003) and unemployed (OR =1.73, 95% CI: 1.08-2.77; p < 0.014) were significantly associated with a likelihood of depression. Majority of the participants who could express their feelings of HIV disease and challenges in accessing ART felt more depressed (85%) compared to those who could not express their feelings.Conclusion The rate of depression among HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART is high. Early detection of depression and the challenges associated with accessing treatment and treating would help in improving the compliance to treatment as well as quality of life.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Current and Severe Pain among People Living with HIV: Results from a Statewide Sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verlin Joseph ◽  
Abenaa Jones ◽  
Shantrel Canidate ◽  
Zachary Mannes ◽  
Huiyin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Short Form ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to suffer from pain compared to the general public. Pain often clusters with mental health symptoms and substance use. This study sought to evaluate mental health and substance use factors associated with and pain and severe pain intensities among PLWH. Methods Data were derived from HIV+ adults (N=733) recruited from community health centers across Florida who completed questionnaires regarding demographics, chronic pain, HIV clinical outcomes, mental health symptoms, and substance use information. Pain was assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) short form. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the relationship between selected covariates and pain. Results Approximately half (45.0%) of participants reported having current pain. After controlling for covariates, PLWH reporting current symptoms of anxiety or PTSD were 2.49 (CI=1.48, 4.18) and 1.69 (CI= 1.11, 2.57) times as likely to report pain compared to PLWH without those factors respectively. PLWH reporting current symptoms of anxiety and male participants were 2.03 (CI= 1.03, 4.01) and 2.02 (CI= 1.26, 3.24) times as likely to report severe pain compared to PLWH without those factors respectively. Conclusion The relationship between pain and mental health is complex, thus future research is needed to determine if pain treatments may reduce mental health symptoms or if treatments can be targeted to address both issues simultaneously

scholarly journals Depression symptoms, HIV testing, linkage to ART, and viral suppression among women in a high HIV burden district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: A cross-sectional household study

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532098204
Author(s):  
Kaymarlin Govender ◽  
Dick Durevall ◽  
Richard G Cowden ◽  
Sean Beckett ◽  
Ayesha BM Kharsany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets by 2020 is contingent on identifying and addressing mental health challenges that may affect HIV testing and treatment-related behaviors. This study is based on survey data from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2014–2015). HIV positive women who reported higher depression scores had a lower odds of having tested previously for HIV (15–25 years: AOR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.83, 0.98]; 26–49 years: AOR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.84, 0.96]). Because HIV testing behavior represents a gateway to treatment, the findings suggest mental health may be one challenge to attaining the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets.

Physical Violence Perpetration Among College Students: Prevalence and Associations With Substance Use and Mental Health Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199188
Author(s):  
Kyle T. Ganson ◽  
Julia O’Connor ◽  
Jason M. Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression ◽  
Violence Perpetration

The aims of this study were to, first, report the prevalence of physical violence perpetration among a sample of college students and, second, to identify associations between physical violence perpetration, substance use, and mental health symptoms. We analyzed survey data from the Healthy Minds Study. We examined the 12-month prevalence of physical violence perpetration by gender identity from 2014–2019 ( n = 181,056). We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to estimate associations between physical violence perpetration, substance use, and mental health symptoms from the 2018–2019 survey year ( n = 43,563). Results revealed that 12-month prevalence rates of physical violence perpetration increased from 2014–2019 among male, female, and transgender/gender nonconforming college students. Results from multivariable logistic regression analyses using the 2018–2019 survey year revealed higher odds of physical violence perpetration in the previous 12 months among students who reported substance use and mental health symptoms, including vaping or e-cigarette use, illicit drug use, and nonsuicidal self-injury, among others. Our findings highlight steadily rising prevalence of physical violence perpetration from 2014–2019 among college students, indicating a growing need for more research and prevention efforts to address this problem in higher education settings. Efforts to prevent violence on college campuses should consider how to reduce substance use and improve mental health to reduce this form of violence.

scholarly journals Mental Health Status of Late-Middle-Aged Adults in China During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Bo Zheng ◽  
Le Shi ◽  
Zheng-An Lu ◽  
Jian-Yu Que ◽  
Kai Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Acute Stress Symptoms

Background: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related compulsory measures have triggered a wide range of psychological issues. However, the effect of COVID-19 on mental health in late-middle-aged adults remains unclear.Methods: This cross-sectional, web-based survey recruited 3,730 participants (≥ 50 years old) between February 28 and March 11 of 2020. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Insomnia Severity Index, and Acute Stress Disorder Scale were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, insomnia, and acute stress symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was fitted to explore risk factors that were associated with the selected outcomes.Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.44 ± 5.99 years, and 2,026 (54.3%) of the participants were female. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and acute stress symptoms among late-middle-aged adults in China during the COVID-19 pandemic was 20.4, 27.1, 27.5, and 21.2%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that participants who were quarantined had increased odds ratios for the four mental health symptoms, and those with a good understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic displayed a decreased risk for all mental health symptoms among late-middle-aged adults. In addition, participants with a low income and with a risk of COVID-19 exposure at work had a remarkably high risk of depression, anxiety, and acute stress symptoms.Conclusions: Mental health symptoms in late-middle-aged adults in China during the COVID-19 pandemic are prevalent. Population-specific mental health interventions should be developed to improve mental health outcomes in late-middle-aged adults during this public health emergency.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Current and Severe Pain Among People Living with HIV: Results From a Statewide Sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verlin Joseph ◽  
Abenaa Jones ◽  
Shantrel Canidate ◽  
Zachary Mannes ◽  
Huiyin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Short Form ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) are more likely to suffer from pain compared to the general public. Pain often clusters with mental health symptoms and substance use. This study sought to evaluate mental health and substance use factors associated with any pain and severe pain intensities among PLHIV. Methods: Data were derived from HIV+ adults (N=733) recruited from community health centers across Florida who completed questionnaires regarding demographics, chronic pain, HIV clinical outcomes, mental health symptoms, and substance use information. Pain was assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) short form. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the relationship between selected covariates and pain. Results: Approximately half (45.0%) of participants reported having any current pain while 16.1% reported severe pain. The odds of having any current pain were 2.49 (CI 95% 1.48, 4.18, p<0.01) times greater among PLHIV reporting anxiety and 1.69 (CI 95% 1.11, 2.57, p=0.01) times greater among PLHIV reporting PTSD compared to those without those factors. The odds of having severe pain were 2.03 (CI 95% 1.03, 4.01, p=0.04) times greater among PLHIV reporting anxiety and 2.02 (CI 95% 1.26, 3.24, p<0.01) times greater among female participants compared to PLHIV without those factors respectively. Factors including depression, alcohol consumption, and marijuana use were not statistically associated with any current pain nor with severe pain.Conclusion: The relationship between pain and mental health is complex. Thus, future research is needed to determine if pain treatments may reduce mental health symptoms or if treatments can be targeted to address both issues simultaneously.

scholarly journals Factors associated with current and severe pain among people living with HIV: results from a statewide sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verlin Joseph ◽  
Abenaa Jones ◽  
Shantrel Canidate ◽  
Zachary Mannes ◽  
Huiyin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Short Form ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLHIV) are more likely to suffer from pain compared to the general public. Pain often clusters with mental health symptoms and substance use. This study sought to evaluate mental health and substance use factors associated with any pain and severe pain intensities among PLHIV. Methods Data were derived from HIV+ adults (N = 733) recruited from community health centers across Florida who completed questionnaires regarding demographics, chronic pain, HIV clinical outcomes, mental health symptoms, and substance use information. Pain was assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) short form. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the relationship between selected covariates and pain. Results Approximately half (45.0%) of participants reported having any current pain while 16.1% reported severe pain. The odds of having any current pain were 2.49 (CI 95% 1.48, 4.18, p <  0.01) times greater among PLHIV reporting anxiety and 1.69 (CI 95% 1.11, 2.57, p = 0.01) times greater among PLHIV reporting PTSD compared to those without those factors. The odds of having severe pain were 2.03 (CI 95% 1.03, 4.01, p = 0.04) times greater among PLHIV reporting anxiety and 2.02 (CI 95% 1.26, 3.24, p <  0.01) times greater among female participants compared to PLHIV without those factors respectively. Factors including depression, alcohol consumption, and marijuana use were not statistically associated with any current pain nor with severe pain. Conclusion The relationship between pain and mental health is complex. Thus, future research is needed to determine if pain treatments may reduce mental health symptoms or if treatments can be targeted to address both issues simultaneously.

scholarly journals Modelling of HIV prevention and treatment progress in five South African metropolitan districts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cari van Schalkwyk ◽  
Rob E. Dorrington ◽  
Thapelo Seatlhodi ◽  
Claudia Velasquez ◽  
Ali Feizzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Living With Hiv

AbstractGlobally, large proportions of HIV-positive populations live in cities. The Fast-Track cities project aims to advance progress toward elimination of HIV as a public health threat by accelerating the response in cities across the world. This study applies a well-established HIV transmission model to provide key HIV estimates for the five largest metropolitan districts in South Africa (SA): Cape Town, Ekurhuleni, eThekwini, Johannesburg and Tshwane. We calibrate the model to metro-specific data sources and estimate progress toward the 90-90-90 targets set by UNAIDS (90% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) diagnosed, 90% of those diagnosed on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and viral suppression in 90% of those on ART). We use the model to predict progress towards similarly defined 95-95-95 targets in 2030. In SA, 90.5% of PLHIV were diagnosed in 2018, with metro estimates ranging from 86% in Johannesburg to 92% in eThekwini. However, only 68.4% of HIV-diagnosed individuals nationally were on ART in 2018, with the proportion ranging from 56% in Tshwane to 73% in eThekwini. Fractions of ART users who were virally suppressed ranged from 77% in Ekurhuleni to 91% in eThekwini, compared to 86% in the whole country. All five metros are making good progress to reach diagnosis targets and all (with the exception of Ekurhuleni) are expected to reach viral suppression targets in 2020. However, the metros and South Africa face severe challenges in reaching the 90% ART treatment target.

scholarly journals Knowledge of mental health symptoms and help seeking attitude in a population-based sample in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Wai Tung Fung ◽  
Linda Chiu Wa Lam ◽  
Sandra Sau Man Chan ◽  
Sing Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Knowledge

Abstract Background Mental health symptoms can be subtle, resulting in delaying treatment. A prompt identification of mental signs and symptoms is important for preventing mental disorders in the public. This study examined whether local public have adequate knowledge to identify mental health symptoms and the need to get timely professional help. Methods The population-based telephone surveys were conducted in 2015 and 2018. It involved a random sample of 4033 respondents aged 12–75 years. Mental health knowledge and help seeking attitude were assessed using six vignettes depicting subtle and obvious symptoms of anxiety disorders, mixed anxiety and depressive disorders, and dementia. Logistic regression models were performed to examine association between mental health knowledge and help-seeking attitude. Results Individuals with poor knowledge in subtle symptoms were more likely to be males (t =  − 5.0, p < .001), younger (F = 15.0, p < .001), have tertiary education (F = 15.0, p < .001), and employed (t =  − 2.1, p = .037). The knowledge scores of subtle and obvious symptoms were 1.5 and 2.3 respectively. Binary logistic regression found that poor knowledge of subtle symptoms was associated with reluctance to professional help seeking. Conclusions Poorly identified subtle mental health symptoms is a major barrier to early professional help in highly educated working males. Future research should explore specific interventions to increase knowledge and professional help seeking in this group.

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