scholarly journals The expansion and severity of chronic MS lesions follows a periventricular gradient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
samuel klistorner ◽  
Michael Barnett ◽  
Stuart Graham ◽  
Chenyu Wang ◽  
Alexander Klistorner
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Lesion Core ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Images ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
3D Flair

Background and Objectives: Expansion of chronic lesions in MS patients and recently described CSF-related gradient of tissue damage are linked to microglial activation. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether lesion expansion is associated with proximity to ventricular CSF spaces. Methods: Pre- and post-gadolinium 3D-T1, 3D FLAIR and diffusion tensor images were acquired from 36 RRMS patients. Lesional activity was analysed between baseline and 48 months at different distances from the CSF using successive 1-mm thick concentric rings radiating from the ventricles. Results: Voxel-based analysis of the rate of lesion expansion demonstrated a clear periventricular gradient decreasing away from the ventricles. This was particularly apparent when lesions of equal diameter were analysed. Periventricular lesional tissue showed higher degree of tissue distraction at baseline that significantly increased during follow-up in rings close to CSF. This longitudinal change was proportional to degree of lesion expansion. Lesion-wise analysis revealed a gradual, centrifugal decrease in the proportion of expanding lesions from the immediate periventricular zone. Discussion: Our data suggest that chronic white matter lesions in close proximity to the ventricles are more destructive, show a higher degree of expansion at the lesion border and accelerated tissue loss in the lesion core.

Altered brainstem anatomy in migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasia K Marciszewski ◽  
Noemi Meylakh ◽  
Flavia Di Pietro ◽  
Vaughan G Macefield ◽  
Paul M Macey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Trigeminal System ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Images ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Brainstem Anatomy

Background The exact mechanisms responsible for migraine remain unknown, although it has been proposed that changes in brainstem anatomy and function, even between attacks, may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of headache during migraine attacks. The aim of this investigation is to use brainstem-specific analyses of anatomical and diffusion weighted images to determine if the trigeminal system displays altered structure in individuals with migraine. Methods Voxel-based morphometry of T1-weighted anatomical images (57 controls, 24 migraineurs) and diffusion tensor images (22 controls, 24 migraineurs) were used to assess brainstem anatomy in individuals with migraine compared with controls. Results We found grey matter volume decreases in migraineurs in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and dorsomedial pons. In addition, reduced grey matter volume and increased free water diffusivity occurred in areas of the descending pain modulatory system, including midbrain periaqueductal gray matter, dorsolateral pons, and medullary raphe. These changes were not correlated to migraine frequency, duration, intensity or time to next migraine. Conclusion Brainstem anatomy changes may underlie changes in activity that result in activation of the ascending trigeminal pathway and the perception of head pain during a migraine attack.

scholarly journals Quantitative spinal cord MRI in radiologically isolated syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Alcaide-Leon ◽  
Kateryna Cybulsky ◽  
Stephanie Sankar ◽  
Courtney Casserly ◽  
General Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Radiologically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
And Diffusion

ObjectivesTo assess whether quantitative spinal cord MRI (SC-MRI) measures, including atrophy, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetization transfer imaging metrics were different in radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) vs healthy controls (HCs).MethodsTwenty-four participants with RIS and 14 HCs underwent cervical SC-MRI on a 3T magnet. Manually segmented regions of interest circumscribing the spinal cord cross-sectional area (SC-CSA) between C3 and C4 were used to extract SC-CSA, fractional anisotropy, mean, perpendicular, and parallel diffusivity (MD, λ⊥, and λ||) and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). Spinal cord (SC) lesions, SC gray matter (GM), and SC white matter (WM) areas were also manually segmented. Multivariable linear regression was performed to evaluate differences in SC-MRI measures in RIS vs HCs, while controlling for age and sex.ResultsIn this cross-sectional study of participants with RIS, 71% had lesions in the cervical SC. Of quantitative SC-MRI metrics, spinal cord MTR showed a trend toward being lower in RIS vs HCs (p = 0.06), and there was already evidence of brain atrophy (p = 0.05). There were no significant differences in SC-DTI metrics, GM, WM, or CSA between RIS and HCs.ConclusionThe SC demonstrates minimal microstructural changes suggestive of demyelination and inflammation in RIS. These findings are in contrast to established MS and raise the possibility that the SC may play an important role in triggering clinical symptomatology in MS. Prospective follow-up of this cohort will provide additional insights into the role the SC plays in the complex sequence of events related to MS disease initiation and progression.

scholarly journals Unifying the analyses of anatomical and diffusion tensor images using volume-preserved warping

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongrong Xu ◽  
Xuejun Hao ◽  
Ravi Bansal ◽  
Kerstin J. Plessen ◽  
Weidong Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Images ◽  
And Diffusion

scholarly journals Abstract P352: Reversible Relative FLAIR Signal Intensity Changes in the Penumbra Correlate With Severity of Hypoperfusion

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauranne Scheldeman ◽  
Anke Wouters ◽  
Patrick Dupont ◽  
Soren Christensen ◽  
Florent Boutitie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Residue Function ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Lesion Core ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
Ischemic Core ◽  
And Diffusion

In ischemic stroke, the study of edema, measurable as fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal increase, has mainly focused on the ischemic core and less on the surrounding penumbra. To the naked eye, no FLAIR changes are present in the penumbra. However, changes in perfusion status could induce physiological changes resulting in subtle penumbral FLAIR signal alterations. To investigate penumbral FLAIR changes, we included subjects from the Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke (WAKE-UP) and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke (AXIS 2) trial with perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging (PWI, DWI) and FLAIR at baseline. We used RAPID software to calculate the core and perfusion lesion on DWI and PWI and selected subjects with a minimal mismatch volume (15 ml) and ratio (1.2). We created voxel-based relative FLAIR signal intensity (rFLAIR SI) maps at baseline and follow up (FU) by calculating the ratio of the FLAIR intensity in one voxel and the median FLAIR intensity in a sphere with 15 mm radius around a contralateral homologues voxel. We studied rFLAIR SI in two regions of interest: the baseline penumbra (baseline perfusion lesion - [core lesion + voxels with apparent diffusion coefficient <620 10 -6 mm 2 /s]) and the non-infarcted penumbra (baseline perfusion lesion - FU FLAIR lesion) at 24 hours (WAKE-UP) or 30 days (AXIS 2). Severity of hypoperfusion was defined as the time to maximum of the residue function. In the baseline penumbra, rFLAIR SI was elevated (ratio=1.04, p=1.7*10 -13 , n=126) and correlated with severity of hypoperfusion (Pearson’s r 0.03, p<1.0*10 -4 , n=126). At 24 hours in a subgroup from WAKE-UP, rFLAIR SI in the non-infarcted penumbra further increased (ratio=1.05 at 24h vs 1.03 at baseline, p=7.1*10 -3 , n=43). In a different subgroup from AXIS 2, this increase in rFLAIR SI was reversible (ratio=1.02 at 30d vs 1.04 at baseline, p=1.5*10 -3 n=26) since it was no longer different from 1 at 30 days (ratio=1.01 at 30 days, p=0.099, n=26). Increases in rFLAIR SI, likely representing edema, are not restricted to the ischemic core and correlate with severity of hypoperfusion in the penumbra. They appear early after stroke onset, further increase at 24 hours and are reversible by 30 days.

Discriminative analysis of multivariate features from structural MRI and diffusion tensor images

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muwei Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Qin ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Wenzhen Zhu ◽  
Xiaohai He
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Images ◽  
Discriminative Analysis ◽  
And Diffusion

Frontostriatal Dysconnectivity in adolescent Onset Schizophrenia and its Associations with Cognition: An MRI Volumetric and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S59-S59
Author(s):  
A. James ◽  
H.M. Fernandes ◽  
P. Alves Da Mota ◽  
M. Hough
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Poor Clinical Outcome ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Structural Networks ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study

BackgroundAdolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) is associated with cognitive impairment and poor clinical outcome. Cognitive dysfunction is thought to reflect functional dysconnectivity between the frontal cortex and the striatum, Previous work [1] has shown frontostriatal dysconnectivity in large WM tracts explain core cognitive deficits, with processing speed, which is affected by alterations in WM connectivity, being an intermediary variable.ObjectiveTo undertake a follow-up MRI study using whole-brain structural connectomics to track topological changes in the follow-up (1st episode versus follow-up), in order to characterize the early stages (evolution of the first two years) of the disorder.DesignA follow-up study of 25 AOS subjects and 25 age and sex-matched healthy subjects.OutcomeNetwork theory will be applied to identify topological alterations in structural networks, including frontostriatal white matter (WM) tracts in relation to cognition and outcome measures.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Five-year longitudinal changes in quantitative spinal cord MRI in multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852092397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwon Oh ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Kateryna Cybulsky ◽  
Suradech Suthiphosuwan ◽  
Estelle Seyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Subject Specific

Background: The spinal cord (SC) is highly relevant to disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), but few studies have evaluated longitudinal changes in quantitative spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (SC-MRI). Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the relationships between 5-year changes in SC-MRI with disability in MS. Methods: In total, 75 MS patients underwent 3 T SC-MRI and clinical assessment (expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and MS functional composite (MSFC)) at baseline, 2 and 5 years. SC-cross-sectional area (CSA) and diffusion-tensor indices (fractional anisotropy (FA), mean, perpendicular, parallel diffusivity (MD, λ⊥, λ||) and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR)) were extracted at C3–C4. Mixed-effects regression incorporating subject-specific slopes assessed longitudinal change in SC-MRI measures. Results: SC-CSA and MTR decreased ( p = 0.009, p = 0.03) over 5.1 years. There were moderate correlations between 2- and 5-year subject-specific slopes of SC-MRI indices and follow-up EDSS scores (Pearson’s r with FA = −0.23 ( p < 0.001); MD = 0.31 ( p < 0.001); λ⊥ = 0.34 ( p < 0.001); λ|| = −0.12 ( p = 0.05), MTR = −0.37 ( p < 0.001); SC-CSA = −0.47 ( p < 0.001) at 5 years); MSFC showed similar trends. The 2- and 5-year subject-specific slopes were robustly correlated ( r = 0.93–0.97 for FA, λ⊥, SC-CSA and MTR, all ps < 0.001). Conclusion: In MS, certain quantitative SC-MRI indices change over 5 years, reflecting ongoing tissue changes. Subject-specific trajectories of SC-MRI index change at 2 and 5 years are strongly correlated and highly relevant to follow-up disability. These findings suggest that individual dynamics of change should be accounted for when interpreting longitudinal SC-MRI measures and that measuring short-term change is predictive of long-term clinical disability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document