scholarly journals Interactions of pharmaceutical companies with world countries, cancers and rare diseases from Wikipedia network analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Rollin ◽  
José Lages ◽  
Tatiana S. Serebriyskaya ◽  
Dima L. Shepelyansky
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Google Matrix

AbstractUsing the English Wikipedia network of more than 5 million articles we analyze interactions and interlinks between the 34 largest pharmaceutical companies, 195 world countries, 47 rare renal diseases and 37 types of cancer. The recently developed algorithm using a reduced Google matrix (REGOMAX) allows us to take account both of direct Markov transitions between these articles and also of indirect transitions generated by the pathways between them via the global Wikipedia network. This approach therefore provides a compact description of interactions between these articles that allows us to determine the friendship networks between them, as well as the PageRank sensitivity of countries to pharmaceutical companies and rare renal diseases. We also show that the top pharmaceutical companies in terms of their Wikipedia PageRank are not those with the highest market capitalization.

scholarly journals Interactions of pharmaceutical companies with world countries, cancers and rare diseases from Wikipedia network analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. e0225500
Author(s):  
Guillaume Rollin ◽  
José Lages ◽  
Tatiana S. Serebriyskaya ◽  
Dima L. Shepelyansky
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies

scholarly journals Network analysis of genes regulated in renal diseases: implications for a molecular-based classification

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (S9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh K Bhavnani ◽  
Felix Eichinger ◽  
Sebastian Martini ◽  
Paul Saxman ◽  
HV Jagadish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Renal Diseases

scholarly journals Service, Activism, and Friendships in High School: A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis of Peer Influence and Critical Beliefs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Wegemer
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Service Activities

AbstractScholars acknowledge that friends shape youth civic engagement, but the relative contribution of peer influence and critical beliefs to civic behaviors has yet to be disaggregated. Informed by sociopolitical development and critical consciousness theories, the present study used longitudinal social network analysis to examine peer socialization and adolescents’ awareness of systemic inequities in relation to participation in service and activist activities at a high school serving primarily low-income Latinx youth. Students were surveyed in May 2019 and May 2020 (N = 354; 51% female; in 2019, Mage = 15.9, age range 14.4 to 18.5). The results yielded evidence of peer influence on service activities, but not activism or perceptions of inequities. In contrast, adolescents’ perception of inequities predicted their activist behavior, but not service, after controlling for network effects and individual covariates. The school provided scaffolding for service activities, but not activist activities, potentially explaining the salience of service participation in youth friendship networks.

scholarly journals A Network Analysis of the Stock Market in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Iqmal Ibrahim ◽  
Siti Aida Muhammad ◽  
Mimi Hafizah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Minimal Spanning Tree ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Tree Approach

In this study, we investigate the stock market network among the stocks traded in Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia using the minimal spanning tree approach. Based on the market capitalization, the monthly adjusted closing prices from 2016 until 2017 of 10 companies for each stock market are chosen to construct the network, and the most influential stocks between Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia stock markets are identified. Findings of this study show that 3 out of 30 companies are identified as the most influential in the Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia stock market. 

scholarly journals Multidimensional homophily in friendship networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
PER BLOCK ◽  
THOMAS GRUND
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Models ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Friendship Formation ◽  
Multiple Groups ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractHomophily—the tendency for individuals to associate with similar others—is one of the most persistent findings in social network analysis. Its importance is established along the lines of a multitude of sociologically relevant dimensions, e.g. sex, ethnicity and social class. Existing research, however, mostly focuses on one dimension at a time. But people are inherently multidimensional, have many attributes and are members of multiple groups. In this article, we explore such multidimensionality further in the context of network dynamics. Are friendship ties increasingly likely to emerge and persist when individuals have an increasing number of attributes in common? We analyze eleven friendship networks of adolescents, draw on stochastic actor-oriented network models and focus on the interaction of established homophily effects. Our results indicate that main effects for homophily on various dimensions are positive. At the same time, the interaction of these homophily effects is negative. There seems to be a diminishing effect for having more than one attribute in common. We conclude that studies of homophily and friendship formation need to address such multidimensionality further.

scholarly journals Orphan drugs

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Svetlana Golocorbin-Kon ◽  
Aleksandra Vojinovic ◽  
Mladena Lalic-Popovic ◽  
Nebojsa Pavlovic ◽  
Momir Mikov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Diseases ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Orphan Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Drugs used for treatment of rare diseases are known worldwide under the term of orphan drugs because pharmaceutical companies have not been interested in ?adopting? them, that is in investing in research, developing and producing these drugs. This kind of policy has been justified by the fact that these drugs are targeted for small markets, that only a small number of patients is available for clinical trials, and that large investments are required for the development of drugs meant to treat diseases whose pathogenesis has not yet been clarified in majority of cases. The aim of this paper is to present previous and present status of orphan drugs in Serbia and other countries. The beginning of orphan drugs development. This problem was first recognized by Congress of the United States of America in January 1983, and when the ?Orphan Drug Act? was passed, it was a turning point in the development of orphan drugs. This law provides pharmaceutical companies with a series of reliefs, both financial ones that allow them to regain funds invested into the research and development and regulatory ones. Seven years of marketing exclusivity, as a type of patent monopoly, is the most important relief that enables companies to make large profits. Conclusion. There are no sufficient funds and institutions to give financial support to the patients. It is therefore necessary to make health professionals much more aware of rare diseases in order to avoid time loss in making the right diagnosis and thus to gain more time to treat rare diseases. The importance of discovery, development and production of orphan drugs lies in the number of patients whose life quality can be improved significantly by administration of these drugs as well as in the number of potential survivals resulting from the treatment with these drugs.

scholarly journals Orphan drug policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshani goel
Keyword(s):  
Orphan Drug ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Drug Policies ◽  
The Cost

Millions of people in developing countries do not have access to health care services and medications which are available in developed countries. Most of the rare diseases are genetic in nature. They disproportionately impact children: 50% of new cases are in children and are responsible for 35% of deaths before the age of 1 year, 10% between the ages of 1 and 5 years and 12% between 5 and 15 years (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2017, p.9). One of the main problems is that doctors are not able to study the disease as it is genetic in nature. Despite having the medication, they do not know how to track and treat the disease. However, patients suffering from rare diseases have same rights of care like any other patient. The major concern related to it is of accessibility and awareness. This shows an obvious link between the disease and poverty which raises a serious question on the cost of a treatment which is unaffordable by the patient. Development of Orphan drug policies are least of pharmaceutical companies. They work on the calculation of number of vaccines manufactured on cost of per vaccination. Market is a precious venture for pharmaceutical companies. They are hesitant on the sale of the product. Research done for the development of are diseases and money invested in it will not be recovered by market sales. Thus, government has asked ministries to draft a policy balancing both the issue simultaneously.

scholarly journals COVID 19: Effect on leading pharmaceutical stocks listed with NSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Aravind M ◽  
Manojkrishnan C G
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Brand Reputation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Backward Integration

The purpose of this study is to examine how Covid 19 outbreak has affected leading pharmaceutical stocks listed with the National Stock Exchange of India. We have selected ten leading pharmaceutical companies listed with NSE, and the selection was purely based on the market capitalization of the companies. The general hypothecation of this study was the pharmaceutical stocks will move against the general market trend (contrarian effect). The study period was classified in to pre-crisis period and Covid 19 crisis period. The data consists of 123 daily price observations of the selected 10 pharmaceutical companies. The period of study is ranging from 3rd September 2019 to 28th February 2020. The results reported that momentum effect is persisting with pharmaceutical stocks as the pharmaceutical stocks are moving in accordance with the general benchmarking index. Only two companies, namely Aurobindo Pharma Ltd and Lupin Ltd reported with varied return trend during the study period. This study also signifies that companies like Sun Pharma, Cipla, Glenmark with strong brand reputation were seems to be sustaining in the crisis period in spite of the general falling market trend. This paper is strongly urge the need for backward integration and enhanced research and development activities to Indian Pharmaceutical sector for ensuring their sustainable long-run operations.

scholarly journals European and Italian regulation on orphan medicinal products

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Roberta Joppi
Keyword(s):  
Orphan Drug ◽  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Orphan Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Drug Status ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Orphan Medicinal Products ◽  
The Eu

The paper presents an overview of the European and Italian Regulation on Orphan Medicinal Products (OMPs), along with some data on the OMPs licensed in the EU from 2000 to 2012. The EU legislation encourages pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs for rare diseases, so-called “orphan drugs”. The European Medicine Agency recognizes orphan drug status mainly on the basis of the prevalence of the disease (≤ 5/10,000), and potential benefit. Orphan status implies incentives for pharmaceutical companies. From 2000 up to 2012 890 candidate orphan drug designations received a positive opinion and the marketing authorization was granted to 72 OMPs corresponding to 80 different indications. Currently, 59 OMPs are available to Italian patients either because licensed to the market by the AIFA or included in the list of the L. 648/96. Despite of an encouraging regulation nearly all the currently estimated rare diseases still await treatments.

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