scholarly journals Variation in neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis) diet: Effects of an invasive prey species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Juarez Sanchez ◽  
John G. Blake ◽  
Eric C. Hellgren

AbstractDue to human activities, some species have expanded their distribution into areas that were historically difficult or impossible to reach by natural dispersal. Such species may become invasive if they successfully establish reproductive populations. Predation is one of the main barriers that exotic species may face in newly colonized areas. We evaluated the effect of an invasive prey (armored catfish:Pterygoplichtyssp.) on the dietary niche breadth and trophic level of a native predator (Neotropical river otter:Lontra longicaudis) in northern Guatemala. We examined otter scats from three rivers: two where the invasive armored catfish occurred and one without the invasive fish. Samples were collected two and seven years after the first report of the catfish in the area. We performed gross scat analysis and stable isotope analyses of nitrogen and carbon of fecal matter. Where the invasive armored catfish occurred, it was the main prey item forL. longicaudis. Particularly in the river outside of protected areas seven years after the first report of the catfish, where it accounted for 49% of the otter diet. Concordance was found between the two techniques to estimate dietary niche breadth and trophic level. The dietary niche breath of otters was narrower seven years after the invasion in comparison to two years after the invasion in both invaded rivers, but, the extent of the reduction was less inside the protected area. Finally, the trophic level of otters also showed a reduction related to the occurrence of the armored catfish on their diet.ResumenComo producto de las actividades humanas algunas especies han expandido su distribución hacia áreas que históricamente eran difícil o imposible de alcanzar mediante de dispersión natural. Estas especies pueden convertirse en invasoras si establecen exitosamente poblaciones reproductivas. La depredación es una de las principales barreras que las especies exóticas deben afrontar en las áreas recientemente colonizadas. Evaluamos los efectos de una especie invasora (el pez diablo:Pterygoplichtyssp.) sobre la amplitud de nicho alimenticio y el nivel trófico de un depredador nativo (la nutria de rio Neo-tropical:Lontra longicaudis) en el norte de Guatemala. Examinamos las excretas de nutrias provenientes de tres ríos: dos donde el pez diablo se encuentra presente y uno donde este invasor aún está ausente. Las muestras fueron colectadas dos y siete años después del primer reporte de del pez diablo en le área. Realizamos un análisis macroscópico de las excretas y análisis de isotopos estables de nitrógeno y carbono de la materia fecal. Donde el pez diablo invasor estaba presente, fue el principal ítem alimenticio deL. longicaudis. Particularmente en el río ubicado fuera de áreas protegidas siete años después del primer reporte del pez diablo, donde este consistió en el 49% de la dieta de la nutria. Encontramos concordancia entre las dos técnicas para estimar la amplitud de nicho dietario y nivel trófico. La amplitud de nicho dietario de las nutrias fue más angosto siete años después de la invasión en comparación con dos años luego de la invasión en ambos ríos invadidos, pero la magnitud de la reducción fue inferior dentro del área protegida. Finalmente, observamos una reducción en el nivel trófico de las nutrias relacionada con la ocurrencia del pez diablo en su dieta.

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Antonieta Casariego-Madorell ◽  
Rurik List Sánchez ◽  
Gerardo Ceballos González

Abstract: Southern river otter densities of 0.03 to 0.62/km of river were estimated for three rivers of the coast of the Mexican State of Oaxaca by the number of feces found on transects. The estimated population for the 19 perennial rivers of the state was 495. Scat analysis showed that crustaceans, fish, insects and amphibians are the main components of the otter’s diet.  Keywords: Lontra longicaudis, density, abundance, diet, Ayuta, Copalita, Zimatán. Palabras clave: Lontra longicaudis, densidad, abundancia, alimentación, Ayuta, Copalita, Zimatán.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0217727
Author(s):  
Diego Juarez-Sanchez ◽  
John G. Blake ◽  
Eric C. Hellgren

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Jesús Coasaca-Céspedes ◽  
Eduardo Segura-Cobeña ◽  
Rebeca Montero-Taboada ◽  
Adriana Gonzalez-Pestana ◽  
Eliana Alfaro-Córdova ◽  
...  

Abstract.- This study provides baseline information on the feeding habits of five batoid species from the genera Mobula and Myliobatis sampled from the small-scale driftnet fishery in northern Peru. The diets of Mobula mobular, Mobula munkiana and Mobula thurstoni consisted mainly of euphausiids. Dietary niche breadth indicated a pelagic feeding behaviour of a specialist and a trophic level of a secondary predator for both M. mobular and M. munkiana. In contrast, Myliobatis chilensis and Myliobatis peruvianus consumed mostly gastropods and crustaceans. Dietary niche breadth indicated a feeding behaviour of a benthic specialist and a trophic level of a secondary predator for Myliobatis chilensis.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 180849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ara Monadjem ◽  
Adam Kane ◽  
Peter Taylor ◽  
Leigh R. Richards ◽  
Grant Hall ◽  
...  

Bats play important ecological roles in tropical systems, yet how these communities are structured is still poorly understood. Our study explores the structure of African bat communities using morphological characters to define the morphospace occupied by these bats and stable isotope analysis to define their dietary niche breadth. We compared two communities, one in rainforest (Liberia) and one in savannah (South Africa), and asked whether the greater richness in the rainforest was due to more species ‘packing’ into the same morphospace and trophic space than bats from the savannah, or some other arrangement. In the rainforest, bats occupied a larger area in morphospace and species packing was higher than in the savannah; although this difference disappeared when comparing insectivorous bats only. There were also differences in morphospace occupied by different foraging groups (aerial, edge, clutter and fruitbat). Stable isotope analysis revealed that the range of δ 13 C values was almost double in rainforest than in savannah indicating a greater range of utilization of basal C 3 and C 4 resources in the former site, covering primary productivity from both these sources. The ranges in δ 15 N, however, were similar between the two habitats suggesting a similar number of trophic levels. Niche breadth, as defined by either standard ellipse area or convex hull, was greater for the bat community in rainforest than in savannah, with all four foraging groups having larger niche breadths in the former than the latter. The higher inter-species morphospace and niche breadth in forest bats suggest that species packing is not necessarily competitive. By employing morphometrics and stable isotope analysis, we have shown that the rainforest bat community packs more species in morphospace and uses a larger niche breadth than the one in savannah.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios E. Bakaloudis ◽  
Christos G. Vlachos ◽  
Malamati A. Papakosta ◽  
Vasileios A. Bontzorlos ◽  
Evangelos N. Chatzinikos

Stone martens (Martes foina) are documented as generalist throughout their distributional range whose diet composition is affected by food availability. We tested if this occurs and what feeding strategies it follows in a typical Mediterranean ecosystem in Central Greece by analysing contents from 106 stomachs, seasonally collected from three different habitats during 2003–2006. Seasonal variation in diet and feeding strategies was evident and linked to seasonal nutritional requirements, but possibly imposed by strong interference competition and intraguild predation. Fleshy fruits and arthropods predominated in the diet, but also mammals and birds were frequently consumed. An overall low dietary niche breadth (BA=0.128) indicated a fruit specialization tendency. A generalised diet occurred in spring with high individual specialisation, whereas more animal-type prey was consumed than fruits. A population specialization towards fruits was indicated during summer and autumn, whereas insects were consumed occasionally by males. In those seasons it switched to more clumped food types such as fruits and insects. In winter it selectively exploited both adult and larvae insects and partially fruits overwinter on plants. The tendency to consume particular prey items seasonally reflected both the population specialist behaviour and the individual flexibility preyed on different food resources.


Ecosphere ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. art162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Folks ◽  
Kory Gann ◽  
Timothy E. Fulbright ◽  
David G. Hewitt ◽  
Charles A. DeYoung ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel C. Costa ◽  
Laurie J. Vitt ◽  
Eric R. Pianka ◽  
Daniel O. Mesquita ◽  
Guarino R. Colli

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