scholarly journals Contralateral Delay Activity is not sensitive to cognitive decline in older adults at risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca R Farina ◽  
Gabija Pragulbickaitė ◽  
Marc Bennett ◽  
Cian Judd ◽  
Kevin Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contralateral Delay Activity

AbstractContralateral delay activity (CDA) has been proposed as a pre-clinical marker for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). However, existing evidence is limited to one study with a small sample size (n=12 per group). Our aim was to compare CDA amplitudes in a larger sample of low- and high-risk older adult groups (n=35 per group). As expected, behavioural performance decreased as the number of memory items increased, and the low-risk group out-performed the high-risk group. However, we found no differences in CDA amplitudes across groups, indicating that WM capacity increased irrespective of risk-level. These findings suggest that the CDA is not a sensitive marker of MCI risk. More broadly, our results highlight the difficulty in identifying at-risk individuals, particularly as MCI is a heterogeneous, unstable condition. Future research should prioritise longitudinal approaches in order to track the progression of the CDA and its association with cognitive decline in later life.

Mild cognitive impairment: a history and the state of current diagnostic criteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Gerstenecker ◽  
Benjamin Mast
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
The State ◽  
Clinical Vignette ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Future Research

ABSTRACTBackground:Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a diagnostic classification used to describe patients experiencing cognitive decline but without a corresponding impairment in daily functioning. Over the years, MCI diagnostic criteria have undergone major changes that correspond to advancements in research. Despite these advancements, current diagnostic criteria for MCI contain issues that are reflected in the research literature.Methods:A review of the available MCI literature was conducted with emphasis given to tracing MCI from its conceptual underpinnings to the most current diagnostic criteria. A clinical vignette is utilized to highlight some of the limitations of current MCI diagnostic criteria.Results:Issues are encountered when applying MCI diagnostic criteria due to poor standardization. Estimates of prevalence, incidence, and rates of conversion from MCI to dementia reflect these issues.Conclusions:MCI diagnostic criteria are in need of greater standardization. Recommendations for future research are provided that could potentially bring more uniformity to the diagnostic criteria for MCI and, therefore, more consistency to the research literature.

scholarly journals Frequency and subgroups of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and different stages of dementia in Alzheimer's disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Siafarikas ◽  
G. Selbaek ◽  
T. Fladby ◽  
J. Šaltytė Benth ◽  
E. Auning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACTBackground:Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), such as depression, apathy, agitation, and psychotic symptoms are common in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subgroups of NPS have been reported. Yet the relationship of NPS and their subgroups to different stages of cognitive impairment is unclear. Most previous studies are based on small sample sizes and show conflicting results. We sought to examine the frequency of NPS and their subgroups in MCI and different stages of dementia in AD.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study using data from a Norwegian national registry of memory clinics. From a total sample of 4,571 patients, we included those with MCI or AD (MCI 817, mild AD 883, moderate–severe AD 441). To compare variables across groups ANOVA or χ2-test was applied. We used factor analysis of Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) items to identify subgroups of NPS.Results:The frequency of any NPS was 87.2% (AD 91.2%, MCI 79.5%; p < 0.001) and increased with increasing severity of cognitive decline. The most frequent NPS in MCI was depression. Apathy was the most frequent NPS in AD across different stages of severity. The factor analysis identified three subgroups in MCI and mild AD, and a fourth one in moderate–severe AD. We labelled the subgroups “depression,” “agitation,” “psychosis,” and “elation.”Conclusions:The frequency of NPS is high in MCI and AD and increases with the severity of cognitive decline. The subgroups of NPS were relatively consistent from MCI to moderate-severe AD. The subgroup elation appeared only in moderate-severe AD.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of technology-based interventions in detection, prevention, monitoring and treatment of patients at risk or diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045978
Author(s):  
Jordi Martínez-Soldevila ◽  
Roland Pastells-Peiró ◽  
Carolina Climent-Sanz ◽  
Gerard Piñol-Ripoll ◽  
Mariona Rocaspana-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Review Protocol

IntroductionThe gradual changes over the decades in the longevity and ageing of European society as a whole can be directly related to the prolonged decline in the birth rate and increase in the life expectancy. According to the WHO, there is an increased risk of dementia or other cognitive disorders as the population ages, which have a major impact on public health. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is described as a greater than expected cognitive decline for an individual’s age and level of education, but that does not significantly interfere with activities of daily living. Patients with MCI exhibit a higher risk of dementia compared with others in the same age group, but without a cognitive decline, have impaired walking and a 50% greater risk of falling.The urban lifestyle and advent of smartphones, mobility and immediate access to all information via the internet, including health information, has led to a totally disruptive change in most general aspects.This systematic review protocol is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of technology-based interventions in the detection, prevention, monitoring and treatment of patients at risk or diagnosed with MCI.Methods and analysisThis review protocol follows the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols reporting guidelines. The search will be performed on MEDLINE (PubMed), CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus, ISI Web of Science and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2020. Studies of interventions either randomised clinical trials or pre–post non-randomised quasi-experimental designs, published in English and Spanish will be included. Articles that provide relevant information on the use of technology and its effectiveness in interventions that assess improvements in early detection, prevention, follow-up and treatment of the patients at risk or diagnosed with MCI will be included.Ethics and disseminationEthics committee approval not required. The results will be disseminated in publications and congresses.

Contralateral delay activity is not a robust marker of cognitive function in older adults at risk of mild cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2367-2375
Author(s):  
Francesca R. Farina ◽  
Gabija Pragulbickaitė ◽  
Marc Bennett ◽  
Cian Judd ◽  
Kevin Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Contralateral Delay Activity

scholarly journals Physical activity for cognitive health: what advice can we give to older adults with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment?

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Specific Advice ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are common conditions in older age and are associated with an increased risk of future cognitive decline and dementia. As there is currently no effective pharmacological treatment available for SCD and MCI, modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia have received increasing attention in the literature as a focus for clinical trials. Physical activity (PA) is one of the strongest protective lifestyle factors. This clinical review aims to highlight the accumulating evidence about the benefits of PA for SCD and MCI. Whilst there is agreement that at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic PA per week in combination with additional resistance training is necessary to support brain health in people with SCD and MCI, future research is required to help inform specific advice on type of exercise, intensity, “dose” and effective strategies to encourage behavior change.

scholarly journals A Behavioral Task Predicts Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Zola ◽  
C. M. Manzanares ◽  
P. Clopton ◽  
J. J. Lah ◽  
A. I. Levey
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Behavioral Task ◽  
Visual Paired Comparison ◽  
Not At Risk

Background/Rationale : Currently, we cannot reliably differentiate individuals at risk of cognitive decline, for example, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), from those individuals who are not at risk. Methods : A total of 32 participants with MCI and 60 control (CON) participants were tested on an innovative, sensitive behavioral assay, the visual paired comparison (VPC) task using infrared eye tracking. The participants were followed for 3 years after testing. Results : Scores on the VPC task predicted, up to 3 years prior to a change in clinical diagnosis, those patients with MCI who would and who would not progress to AD and CON participants who would and would not progress to MCI. Conclusions : The present findings show that the VPC task can predict impending cognitive decline. To our knowledge, this is the first behavioral task that can identify CON participants who will develop MCI or patients with MCI who will develop AD within the next few years.

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