scholarly journals Changes in freshwater macroinvertebrate richness due to river impoundment in the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Trottier ◽  
Katrine Turgeon ◽  
Francesca Verones ◽  
Daniel Boisclair ◽  
Cécile Bulle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Substitution

ABSTRACTWhether it is for water supply, flood control or hydropower uses, the transformation of a river into a reservoir can impact freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity. Using the National Lake Assessment (NLA; 148 reservoirs) and the National Rivers and Streams Assessment (NRSA; 2121 rivers and streams) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), we evaluated the impacts of river impoundment on macroinvertebrate biodiversity at three spatial scales (i.e., reservoir, ecoregion and country scale). We used a space-for-time substitution approach to model the impact of impoundment (i.e., we used rivers and streams as the before-impoundment conditions, and reservoirs as the after-impoundment conditions). We expressed the impact on biodiversity in terms of potentially disappeared fraction of species (PDF) to be used in the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. To understand the role of regionalization, and some potentially influential variables, on changes in macroinvertebrate richness following impoundment in the United States, we used analyses of variance (ANOVAs) as well as variation partitioning, and developed empirical predictive models. Overall, 26% of macroinvertebrate taxa disappeared following impoundment in the United States, and PDFs followed a longitudinal gradient across ecoregions (i.e., higher PDFs in the western part of the country, lower PDFs in the eastern part). We also observed that large and oligotrophic reservoirs, located in high elevation had high PDFs. This study provides the first empirical PDF values for macroinvertebrates to be used as characterization factors (CFs) by LCA practitioners. We also provide strong support for regionalization and a simple predictive model to be used by LCA modellers.

scholarly journals Empirical Characterization Factors for Life Cycle Assessment of the Impacts of Reservoir Occupation on Macroinvertebrate Richness across the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2701
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Trottier ◽  
Katrine Turgeon ◽  
Francesca Verones ◽  
Daniel Boisclair ◽  
Cécile Bulle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Characterization Factors ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Time Substitution

The transformation of a river into a reservoir and the subsequent occupation of the riverbed by a reservoir can impact freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity. We used the National Lake Assessment (134 reservoirs) and the National Rivers and Streams Assessment (2062 rivers and streams) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency in order to develop empirical characterization factors (CFs; in Potentially Disappeared Fraction of species [PDF]) evaluating the impacts of reservoir occupation on macroinvertebrate richness (number of taxa) at the reservoir, ecoregion and country spatial scales, using a space-for-time substitution. We used analyses of variance, variation partitioning, and multiple regression analysis to explain the role of ecoregion (or regionalization; accounting for spatial variability) and other potentially influential variables (physical, chemical and human), on PDFs. At the United States scale, 28% of macroinvertebrate taxa disappeared during reservoir occupation and PDFs followed a longitudinal gradient across ecoregions, where PDFs were higher in the west. We also observed that high elevation, oligotrophic and large reservoirs had high PDF. This study provides the first empirical macroinvertebrate-based PDFs for reservoir occupation to be used as CFs by LCA practitioners. The results provide strong support for regionalization and a simple empirical model for LCA modelers.

scholarly journals Israel and United States Claim on Al-Quds: World History and International Law Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Zulfikar ◽  
Romi Maulidi ◽  
Waskito Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Law ◽  
World History ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to explore the impact of Israel claims on the Al-Quds since the surrender of territory by the British. Al-Quds in Arabic means "The Holy One" which is another name of the city of Jerusalem. In its development Israel received strong support from the United States. This strong support was demonstrated by President Donald Trump in a statement on 6 December 2017 that Jerusalem (Al-Quds) is the capital of Israel. The statement gets the pros and cons of various parties. This phenomenon attracts authors to explore the claims of Israel and the United States from the perspective of world history and international law. This paper uses qualitative descriptive method and data collection through literature review. The study concludes that Israel and the United States based on consensus of UN member states can not make unilateral claims against Jerusalem (Al-Quds) because it is not in line with historical and international law.

TRANGUCH GASOLINE SITE CASE HISTORY

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 637-642
Author(s):  
Stephen Jarvela ◽  
Kevin Boyd ◽  
Robert Gadinski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT A team, consisting of the United States Environmental Protection Agency; Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection; Pennsylvania Department of Health; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; United States Coast Guard and United States Army Corps of Engineers, has completed major steps to provide a safe and healthy environment for the residents of Laurel Gardens, Hazleton, PA. What started as a simple underground gasoline leak took on more serious dimensions when gasoline vapors were found in nearby homes. The investigation and mitigation expanded to include over 400 properties. The remediation consists of a ground water treatment system and a soil vapor extraction system. This paper and its presenters look at the critical aspects of this case as the investigation went from subsurface soil and ground water contamination impacting surface water to the contamination of indoor air. It examines the impact of preferential pathways that include sanitary and storm sewers as well as a 19th century abandoned coal mine. In addition to the technical aspects, this examination looks at the public health and community issues that have surrounded this case.

scholarly journals The impact of marine organics on the air quality of the western United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 6257-6278 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gantt ◽  
N. Meskhidze ◽  
A. G. Carlton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Western United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of marine organic emissions to the air quality in coastal areas of the western United States is studied using the latest version of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regional-scale Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQv4.7) modeling system. Emissions of marine isoprene, monoterpenes, and primary organic matter (POM) from the ocean are implemented into the model to provide a comprehensive view of the connection between ocean biology and atmospheric chemistry and air pollution. Model simulations show that marine organics can increase the concentration of PM2.5 by 0.1–0.3 μg m−3 (up to 5%) in coastal cities. This increase in the PM2.5 concentration is primarily attributed to the POM emissions, with small contributions from the marine isoprene and monoterpenes. When marine organic emissions are included, organic carbon (OC) concentrations over the remote ocean are increased by up to 50% (25% in coastal areas), values consistent with recent observational findings. This study is the first to quantify the air quality impacts from marine POM and monoterpenes for the United States, and highlights the need for inclusion of marine organic emissions in air quality models.

scholarly journals Fine-scale spatial clustering of measles nonvaccination that increases outbreak potential is obscured by aggregated reporting data

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (45) ◽  
pp. 28506-28514
Author(s):  
Nina B. Masters ◽  
Marisa C. Eisenberg ◽  
Paul L. Delamater ◽  
Matthew Kay ◽  
Matthew L. Boulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The Impact

The United States experienced historically high numbers of measles cases in 2019, despite achieving national measles vaccination rates above the World Health Organization recommendation of 95% coverage with two doses. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, resulting in suspension of many clinical preventive services, pediatric vaccination rates in the United States have fallen precipitously, dramatically increasing risk of measles resurgence. Previous research has shown that measles outbreaks in high-coverage contexts are driven by spatial clustering of nonvaccination, which decreases local immunity below the herd immunity threshold. However, little is known about how to best conduct surveillance and target interventions to detect and address these high-risk areas, and most vaccination data are reported at the state-level—a resolution too coarse to detect community-level clustering of nonvaccination characteristic of recent outbreaks. In this paper, we perform a series of computational experiments to assess the impact of clustered nonvaccination on outbreak potential and magnitude of bias in predicting disease risk posed by measuring vaccination rates at coarse spatial scales. We find that, when nonvaccination is locally clustered, reporting aggregate data at the state- or county-level can result in substantial underestimates of outbreak risk. The COVID-19 pandemic has shone a bright light on the weaknesses in US infectious disease surveillance and a broader gap in our understanding of how to best use detailed spatial data to interrupt and control infectious disease transmission. Our research clearly outlines that finer-scale vaccination data should be collected to prevent a return to endemic measles transmission in the United States.

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