Optimal Spatial Separation of High-Order Harmonics from Infrared Driving Lasers with an Annular Beam in the Overdriven Regime

IntroductionA simple and accurate technique to determine the Burgers vector of a dislocation has become feasible with the advent of HVEM. The conventional image vanishing technique(1) using Bragg conditions with the diffraction vector perpendicular to the Burgers vector suffers from various drawbacks; The dislocation image appears even when the g.b = 0 criterion is satisfied, if the edge component of the dislocation is large. On the other hand, the image disappears for certain high order diffractions even when g.b ≠ 0. Furthermore, the determination of the magnitude of the Burgers vector is not easy with the criterion. Recent image simulation technique is free from the ambiguities but require too many parameters for the computation. The weak-beam “fringe counting” technique investigated in the present study is immune from the problems. Even the magnitude of the Burgers vector is determined from the number of the terminating thickness fringes at the exit of the dislocation in wedge shaped foil surfaces.

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The usefulness of high index low symmetry zone axes for holz line analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126718 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 384-385

Author(s):

C. M. Sung ◽

D. B. Williams

Keyword(s):

Lattice Parameter ◽

High Order ◽

Zone Axis ◽

High Index ◽

High Symmetry ◽

Second Phases ◽

Line Patterns ◽

Low Symmetry ◽

Line Analysis

Researchers have tended to use high symmetry zone axes (e.g. <111> <114>) for High Order Laue Zone (HOLZ) line analysis since Jones et al reported the origin of HOLZ lines and described some of their applications. But it is not always easy to find HOLZ lines from a specific high symmetry zone axis during microscope operation, especially from second phases on a scale of tens of nanometers. Therefore it would be very convenient if we can use HOLZ lines from low symmetry zone axes and simulate these patterns in order to measure lattice parameter changes through HOLZ line shifts. HOLZ patterns of high index low symmetry zone axes are shown in Fig. 1, which were obtained from pure Al at -186°C using a double tilt cooling holder. Their corresponding simulated HOLZ line patterns are shown along with ten other low symmetry orientations in Fig. 2. The simulations were based upon kinematical diffraction conditions.

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Are HOLZ lines kinematic in off-zone-axis orientation?

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100149295 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 692-693

Author(s):

J. M. Zuo ◽

A. L. Weickenmeier ◽

R. Holmestad ◽

J. C. H. Spence

Keyword(s):

Structure Determination ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

High Order ◽

Zone Axis ◽

Great Promise ◽

Line Position ◽

Measured Intensity ◽

Constant Intensity ◽

Axis Orientation ◽

Diffraction Condition

The application of high order reflections in a weak diffraction condition off the zone axis center, including those in high order laue zones (HOLZ), holds great promise for structure determination using convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). It is believed that in this case the intensities of high order reflections are kinematic or two-beam like. Hence, the measured intensity can be related to the structure factor amplitude. Then the standard procedure of structure determination in crystallography may be used for solving unknown structures. The dynamic effect on HOLZ line position and intensity in a strongly diffracting zone axis is well known. In a weak diffraction condition, the HOLZ line position may be approximated by the kinematic position, however, it is not clear whether this is also true for HOLZ intensities. The HOLZ lines, as they appear in CBED patterns, do show strong intensity variations along the line especially near the crossing of two lines, rather than constant intensity along the Bragg condition as predicted by kinematic or two beam theory.

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The Effect of Nonlinear Amplitude Growth on the Speech Perception Benefits Provided by a Single-Sided Vocoder

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2018_jslhr-h-18-0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 745-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jessica M. Wess ◽

Joshua G. W. Bernstein

Keyword(s):

Transfer Functions ◽

Spatial Configuration ◽

Free Field ◽

Spatial Separation ◽

Compression And Expansion ◽

Interaural Difference ◽

Interaural Differences ◽

Single Sided Deafness ◽

Perceptual Separation ◽

Loudness Growth

PurposeFor listeners with single-sided deafness, a cochlear implant (CI) can improve speech understanding by giving the listener access to the ear with the better target-to-masker ratio (TMR; head shadow) or by providing interaural difference cues to facilitate the perceptual separation of concurrent talkers (squelch). CI simulations presented to listeners with normal hearing examined how these benefits could be affected by interaural differences in loudness growth in a speech-on-speech masking task.MethodExperiment 1 examined a target–masker spatial configuration where the vocoded ear had a poorer TMR than the nonvocoded ear. Experiment 2 examined the reverse configuration. Generic head-related transfer functions simulated free-field listening. Compression or expansion was applied independently to each vocoder channel (power-law exponents: 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2).ResultsCompression reduced the benefit provided by the vocoder ear in both experiments. There was some evidence that expansion increased squelch in Experiment 1 but reduced the benefit in Experiment 2 where the vocoder ear provided a combination of head-shadow and squelch benefits.ConclusionsThe effects of compression and expansion are interpreted in terms of envelope distortion and changes in the vocoded-ear TMR (for head shadow) or changes in perceived target–masker spatial separation (for squelch). The compression parameter is a candidate for clinical optimization to improve single-sided deafness CI outcomes.

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