scholarly journals Depth of shower maximum and mass composition of cosmic rays from 50 PeV to 2 EeV measured with the LOFAR radio telescope

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Corstanje ◽  
S. Buitink ◽  
H. Falcke ◽  
B. M. Hare ◽  
J. R. Hörandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Shower Maximum

ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS WITH THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
◽  
J. R. T. DE MELLO NETO
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
The Status ◽  
Shower Maximum

We present the status and the recent measurements from the Pierre Auger Observatory. The energy spectrum is described and its features discussed. We report searches for anisotropy of cosmic rays arrival directions in large scales and through correlation with catalogues of celestial objects. The measurement of the cross section proton-air is discussed. Finally, the mass composition is addressed with the measurements of the variation of the depth of shower maximum with energy and with the muon density at ground.

scholarly journals The highest-energy cosmic-rays – the past, the present and the future

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 00001
Author(s):  
Alan Watson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
The Mean

The greater part of this paper is concerned with a historical discussion of the development of the search for the origins of the highest-energy cosmic-rays together with a few remarks about future prospects.Additionally, in section 6, the situation with regard to the mass composition and energy spectrum at the highest energies is discussed. It is shown that the change of the depth of shower maximum with energy above 1 EeV, measured using the Telescope Array, is in striking agreement with similar results from the Auger Observatory. This implies that either the mean mass of cosmic rays is becoming heavier above ~4 EeV or that there is a change in details of the hadronic interactions in a manner such that protons masquerade as heavier nuclei. A long-standing controversy is thus resolved: the belief that pure protons dominate the mass distribution at the highest energies is no longer tenable.

scholarly journals The Pierre Auger Observatory: latest results and future perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Mario Buscemi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
Cosmic Ray Flux

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray observatory in the world. The huge amount of high quality data collected since 2004 up to now led to great improvements in our knowledge of the ultra-energetic cosmic rays. The suppression of the cosmic-ray flux at highest energies was clearly established, and the extra-galactic origin of these particles was confirmed. On the other hand, measurements of the depth of shower maximum indicate a puzzling trend in the mass composition of cosmic rays at energy around the ankle up to the highest energy. The just started upgrade of the Observatory, dubbed AugerPrime, will improve the identification of the mass of primaries allowing us to disentangle models of origin and propagation of cosmic rays.

scholarly journals Physics Potential of a Radio Surface Array at the South Pole

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank G. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Physics Potential ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
Mass Dependent ◽  
Near Future

A surface array of radio antennas will enhance the performance of the IceTop array and enable new, complementary science goals. First, the accuracy for cosmic-ray air showers will be increased since the radio array provides a calorimetric measurement of the electromagnetic component and is sensitive to the position of the shower maximum. This enhanced accuracy can be used to better measure the mass composition, to search for possible mass-dependent anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays, and for more thorough tests of hadronic interaction models. Second, the sensitivity of the radio array to inclined showers will increase the sky coverage for cosmic-ray measurements. Third, the radio array can be used to search for PeV photons from the Galactic Center. Since IceTop is planned to be enhanced by a scintillator array in the near future, a radio extension sharing the same infrastructure can be installed with minimal additional effort and excellent scientific prospects. The combination of ice-Cherenkov, scintillation, and radio detectors at IceCube will provide unprecedented accuracy for the study of highenergy Galactic cosmic rays.

scholarly journals Present status and prospects of the Tunka Radio Extension

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
D. Kostunin ◽  
P.A. Bezyazeekov ◽  
N.M. Budnev ◽  
D. Chernykh ◽  
O. Fedorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Digital Radio ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
Gamma Astronomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antenna Field ◽  
Future Plans

The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is a digital radio array operating in the frequency band of 30-80 MHz and detecting radio emission from air-showers produced by cosmic rays with energies above 100 PeV. The experimentis installed at the site of the TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy) observatory and performs joint measurements with the co-located particle and air-Cherenkov detectors in passive mode receiving a trigger from the latter. Tunka-Rex collects data since 2012, and during the last five years went throughseveral upgrades. As a result the density of the antenna field was increased by three times since its commission. In this contribution we present the latest results of Tunka-Rex experiment, particularly an updated analysis and efficiency study, which have been applied to the measurement of the mean shower maximum as a function of energy for cosmic rays of energies up to EeV. The future plans are also discussed: investigations towards an energy spectrum of cosmic rays with Tunka-Rex and their mass composition using a combination of Tunka-Rex data with muon measurements by the particle detector Tunka-Grande.

Energy spectrum and mass composition of high-energy cosmic rays

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Haungs ◽  
Heinigerd Rebel ◽  
Markus Roth
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays

The promise of the Tunka-Grande scintillation experiment for studying the mass composition of primary cosmic rays

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Budnev ◽  
A. L. Ivanova ◽  
N. N. Kalmykov ◽  
L. A. Kuzmichev ◽  
V. P. Sulakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Primary Cosmic Rays

The Distribution of Radio Polarisation in Three Southern Galaxies

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-268
Author(s):  
J. I. Harnett ◽  
U. Klein ◽  
R. Wielebinski ◽  
R. F. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Poloidal Magnetic Fields

AbstractWe are studying the distribution and morphology of magnetic fields in southern face-on and edge-on galaxies with the intention of clarifying the distribution, lifetimes and transport mechanisms of cosmic rays, and investigating the intensity and orientation of the disc, halo and poloidal magnetic fields. As a preliminary study, before the Australia Telescope was available, we observed a sample of well-known southern spiral galaxies with the Parkes radio telescope.Here, we present the resulting polarisation images for three galaxies, NGC 253, M 83 and NGC 4945, which were observed at 4.75 GHz and 8.55 GHz. The corresponding total power contour plots have been already published by Harnett et al. (1989a, 1990).

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