scholarly journals Physics Potential of a Radio Surface Array at the South Pole

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank G. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Physics Potential ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
Mass Dependent ◽  
Near Future

A surface array of radio antennas will enhance the performance of the IceTop array and enable new, complementary science goals. First, the accuracy for cosmic-ray air showers will be increased since the radio array provides a calorimetric measurement of the electromagnetic component and is sensitive to the position of the shower maximum. This enhanced accuracy can be used to better measure the mass composition, to search for possible mass-dependent anisotropies in the arrival directions of cosmic rays, and for more thorough tests of hadronic interaction models. Second, the sensitivity of the radio array to inclined showers will increase the sky coverage for cosmic-ray measurements. Third, the radio array can be used to search for PeV photons from the Galactic Center. Since IceTop is planned to be enhanced by a scintillator array in the near future, a radio extension sharing the same infrastructure can be installed with minimal additional effort and excellent scientific prospects. The combination of ice-Cherenkov, scintillation, and radio detectors at IceCube will provide unprecedented accuracy for the study of highenergy Galactic cosmic rays.

scholarly journals The Pierre Auger Observatory: latest results and future perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
Mario Buscemi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultrahigh Energy ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
Cosmic Ray Flux

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the largest ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray observatory in the world. The huge amount of high quality data collected since 2004 up to now led to great improvements in our knowledge of the ultra-energetic cosmic rays. The suppression of the cosmic-ray flux at highest energies was clearly established, and the extra-galactic origin of these particles was confirmed. On the other hand, measurements of the depth of shower maximum indicate a puzzling trend in the mass composition of cosmic rays at energy around the ankle up to the highest energy. The just started upgrade of the Observatory, dubbed AugerPrime, will improve the identification of the mass of primaries allowing us to disentangle models of origin and propagation of cosmic rays.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENTS OF COSMIC RAYS WITH ICETOP/ICECUBE: STATUS AND RESULTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (39) ◽  
pp. 1230038 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSIO TAMBURRO
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Electromagnetic Signal ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Nuclear Composition ◽  
Shower Development ◽  
Transient Events

The IceCube Observatory at the South Pole is composed of a cubic kilometer scale neutrino telescope buried beneath the icecap and a square-kilometer surface water Cherenkov tank detector array known as IceTop. The combination of the surface array with the in-ice detector allows the dominantly electromagnetic signal of air showers at the surface and their high-energy muon signal in the ice to be measured in coincidence. This ratio is known to carry information about the nuclear composition of the primary cosmic rays. This paper reviews the recent results from cosmic-ray measurements performed with IceTop/IceCube: energy spectrum, mass composition, anisotropy, search for PeV γ sources, detection of high energy muons to probe the initial stages of the air shower development, and study of transient events using IceTop in scaler mode.

scholarly journals Observation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with the Telescope Array experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 02122
Author(s):  
Ryuji Takeishi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Fluorescence Light ◽  
Hybrid Detector

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been a longstanding mystery. The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in the northern hemisphere observing UHECR in Utah, USA. It aims to reveal the origin of UHECR by studying the energy spectrum, mass composition and anisotropy of cosmic rays. TA is a hybrid detector comprised of three air fluorescence stations which measure the fluorescence light induced from cosmic ray extensive air showers, and 507 surface scintillator counters which sample charged particles from air showers on the ground. We present the cosmic ray spectrum observed with the TA experiment. We also discuss our results from measurement of the mass composition. In addition, we present the results from the analysis of anisotropy, including the excess of observed events in a region of the northern sky at the highest energy. Finally, we introduce the TAx4 experiment which quadruples TA, and the TA low energy extension (TALE) experiment.

scholarly journals A new parametrization for the radio emission of air showers applied to LOFAR data

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 03011
Author(s):  
I. Plaisier ◽  
A. Bonardi ◽  
S. Buitink ◽  
A. Corstanje ◽  
H. Falcke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Precise Description ◽  
Geomagnetic Effect ◽  
Separate Treatment ◽  
Charge Excess ◽  
Primary Cosmic Rays

The energy and mass composition of cosmic rays influence how the energy density of the radio emission of air showers is distributed on the ground. A precise description of the radio profiles can, therefore, be used to reconstruct the properties of the primary cosmic rays. Here, such a description is presented, using a separate treatment of the two radio-emission mechanisms, the geomagnetic effect and the charge excess effect. The model is parametrized as a function that depends only on the shower parameters, allowing for a precise reconstruction of the properties of the primary cosmic rays. This model is applied to cosmic-ray events measured with LOFAR and it is capable of reconstructing the properties of air showers correctly.

scholarly journals Present status and prospects of the Tunka Radio Extension

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
D. Kostunin ◽  
P.A. Bezyazeekov ◽  
N.M. Budnev ◽  
D. Chernykh ◽  
O. Fedorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Digital Radio ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
Gamma Astronomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antenna Field ◽  
Future Plans

The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is a digital radio array operating in the frequency band of 30-80 MHz and detecting radio emission from air-showers produced by cosmic rays with energies above 100 PeV. The experimentis installed at the site of the TAIGA (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic rays and Gamma Astronomy) observatory and performs joint measurements with the co-located particle and air-Cherenkov detectors in passive mode receiving a trigger from the latter. Tunka-Rex collects data since 2012, and during the last five years went throughseveral upgrades. As a result the density of the antenna field was increased by three times since its commission. In this contribution we present the latest results of Tunka-Rex experiment, particularly an updated analysis and efficiency study, which have been applied to the measurement of the mean shower maximum as a function of energy for cosmic rays of energies up to EeV. The future plans are also discussed: investigations towards an energy spectrum of cosmic rays with Tunka-Rex and their mass composition using a combination of Tunka-Rex data with muon measurements by the particle detector Tunka-Grande.

Dependence of the muon pseudorapidity on the cosmic ray mass composition around the knee

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gohar Rastegarzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Iron Nucleus ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Muon Tracking ◽  
Tracking Detector ◽  
The Mean

In order to identify the mass composition of cosmic rays (CRs), we have investigated the mean muon pseudorapidity (〈η〉) values of muonic component in extensive air showers (EASs). For this purpose we have simulated EASs by CORSIKA 7.4 code for Hydrogen, Oxygen and Iron nucleus. The energy range was selected between 1014 eV and 1016 eV with zenith angle from 0°–18°. We have compared our calculations with KASCADE muon tracking detector (MTD) measurements to obtain results on the primary mass relationship with mean muon pseudorapidity values of EASs muonic component. It is shown that after the knee energies, experimental data tend to the heavy primaries and mass composition becomes heavier. Finally, linear equations between the mass of primary and mean η values for different energies are obtained.

scholarly journals On the Galactic Center being the main source of galactic cosmic rays as evidenced by recent cosmic ray and gamma ray observations

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 013053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Qing Guo ◽  
Zhao-Yang Feng ◽  
Qiang Yuan ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Hong-Bo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays

Properties of air showers and the nature of the primary cosmic-ray spectrum

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S142-S146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cowsik
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Heavy Nucleus ◽  
Size Dependence ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Longitudinal Development

Calculations of the longitudinal development of air showers initiated by protons and heavy primaries are made. A comparison of the characteristics indicates that the separation of the heavy nucleus and proton-initiated showers is difficult. The size dependence of the number of muons of energy greater than 1, 220, and 660 GeV is shown to be consistent with the existence of a rigidity cutoff of galactic cosmic rays at ~ 105 GV, followed by an extragalactic component of protons at higher energies. The lateral distribution of 220-GeV muons in air showers is shown to be consistent with a mean transverse momentum of less than 1 GeV per pion.

scholarly journals Depth of shower maximum and mass composition of cosmic rays from 50 PeV to 2 EeV measured with the LOFAR radio telescope

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Corstanje ◽  
S. Buitink ◽  
H. Falcke ◽  
B. M. Hare ◽  
J. R. Hörandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Shower Maximum

scholarly journals Measurement of the cosmic ray proton spectrum from 40 GeV to 100 TeV with the DAMPE satellite

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. eaax3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Q. An ◽  
R. Asfandiyarov ◽  
P. Azzarello ◽  
P. Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Spectral Feature ◽  
Dark Matter Particle ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Proton Spectrum ◽  
First Time

The precise measurement of the spectrum of protons, the most abundant component of the cosmic radiation, is necessary to understand the source and acceleration of cosmic rays in the Milky Way. This work reports the measurement of the cosmic ray proton fluxes with kinetic energies from 40 GeV to 100 TeV, with 2 1/2 years of data recorded by the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE). This is the first time that an experiment directly measures the cosmic ray protons up to ~100 TeV with high statistics. The measured spectrum confirms the spectral hardening at ~300 GeV found by previous experiments and reveals a softening at ~13.6 TeV, with the spectral index changing from ~2.60 to ~2.85. Our result suggests the existence of a new spectral feature of cosmic rays at energies lower than the so-called knee and sheds new light on the origin of Galactic cosmic rays.

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