The energy transfer from Tb 3+ to Eu 3+ co-doped TiO 2( TiO 2: Tb , Eu ) inverse opal photonic crystals was investigated by photoluminescence. The results showed that the photonic band gap enhanced energy transfer from the donor Tb 3+ to the acceptor Eu 3+. When the fluorescence emission wavelength of Tb 3+ overlaps with the photonic band gap, the fluorescence intensity of Tb 3+ is suppressed, while the fluorescence intensity of Eu 3+ is enhanced. Energy transfer efficiencies were attributed to the tuning effects of energy transfer in the photoluminescence process by photonic crystal structure.