Approaches to and the management of the audit process in the food industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bradford-Knox
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Number Frequency ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the purpose of food safety auditing, effectiveness in maintaining and improving standards of food safety and ways to improve the process. Design/methodology/approach Using a grounded approach semi-structured interviews were held with actors with experience of food safety auditing. The aims and objectives being to obtain their viewpoints drawn from their experience. Findings The purpose of food safety audits should be regarded as one of continuous improvement rather than a single snapshot or policing exercise. Audits in terms of cost can be excessive because of the often high number and frequency of them. Costs can be reduced and food safety standards maintained if the number and frequency of audits is determined by the level of hazard and risk that a product or a process presents. Effectiveness of audits can also be improved if they are unannounced to make businesses “audit ready” at all times. It is also contended that unannounced audits are not applicable in all circumstances as they can increase costs by the need to maintain a group of personnel that are always available for audits. Research limitations/implications The research is limited by the scope and number of topics that were addressed in relation to the main subject. Originality/value The research value points to a need to review and better manage the audit process by risk assessing the number, frequency and type of audit a food business is subject to without lowering standards.

scholarly journals Regulatory incentives as a moderator of determinants for the adoption of Malaysian food safety system

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 1336-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudi Fernando ◽  
Hooi Huang Ng ◽  
Tim Walters
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
Regulatory Incentives

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of regulatory incentives offered by regulators as a moderator variable enhancing adoption of Malaysian food safety system (MeSTI). Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modelling (SEM) with partial least square (PLS) was used to examine the determinants of MeSTI adoption in food industry. Findings – Responses to a questionnaire were collected from 89 firms, and statistical results confirmed that organizational factors (top management support and perceived technical competent) and scheme factors (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) have significant influence upon MeSTI adoption. While environment factors (perceived industry pressure and perceived government pressure) and expected factors (expected social legitimacy and expected economic competitiveness) did not have significant impact on MeSTI adoption. Regulatory incentives the government offered had no moderating effect on the relationships of the determinants studied. Practical implications – Although many companies remain unfamiliar or have limited knowledge of MeSTI, the respondents surveyed herein, which were small and medium enterprises (SMEs), argued that MeSTI was very helpful in controlling food safety standards in Malaysia. Government or non-government regulatory agencies should promote and encourage food industry compliance with the Malaysian food safety certification. Governments also need to rethink and redesign current regulatory incentives offers to the food industry, which often have no direct impact on the companies’ business. Originality/value – Though many factors potentially could influence the industry to adopt a food safety scheme, the moderating effect of regulatory incentives is an interesting area to study in relationship to its potential effects to adopt food safety standards and practices. In some extent, this serves as a yardstick for measuring the impact of voluntary compliance and points to future directions for what should occur in the future.

Do China's food safety standards affect agricultural trade? The case of dairy products

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingqiang Sun ◽  
Jikun Huang ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine how China's food safety standards affect agricultural trade in the case of dairy products. Design/methodology/approach – A gravity model is applied to quantitatively address the impacts of changing food safety standards in China in the case of its dairy imports. The paper considers the trade impacts of not only a specific hazard substance but also overall strictness of safety standards. Findings – The paper shows that changes in food safety standards of dairy products have no effect on China's dairy imports. The finding is not particularly surprising considering special characteristics of China's food safety standards. Given the fact that China's safety standards are relatively lower than that in its major exporters, the trade-impeding effect may not be substantial. Research limitations/implications – First, this study is unable to estimate the trade-enhancing and trade-impending effects separately. Second, the study does not account for a potential endogeneity issue associated with food safety standards. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the debate on how food safety standards affect trade by demonstrating that safety standards in developing countries like China can affect international trade differently from that in developed countries. Although results are specific to China's dairy imports, the explanations are applicable to food safety standards in other developing countries.

Integrating culture and management control: is it oil and water or salad dressing?

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kane ◽  
Joanne Zaida Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Quality Culture ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Food Safety And Quality

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the significance of the notion of food safety and quality culture as an important element in the practice of food safety management. It is the concluding article in a special themed edition of the Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, discussing the importance of measuring food safety and quality culture. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a review and discussion of the findings outlined throughout the papers in this special themed journal edition. Findings Food safety and quality culture are important yet intangible; measurement tools are available and can add value to organisations in assessing and improving their culture. Originality/value This paper brings together literature, research, case studies and viewpoints to examine the significance of food safety and quality culture. It will be of value to food safety and quality practitioners, trainers, auditors and other stakeholders involved in the food industry.

Importance of Neo-formed Contaminants (NFCs) in Chemical Food Safety

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Food safety is the number one priority of the food and drink industry worldwide. It is always the target for modern food industry to meet the highest food safety standards based on sound science. While there are many scenarios that might cause food contamination, most fall under one of four categories; biological, chemical, physical and cross-contamination. Specifically, chemical contamination occurs when food comes into contact with chemicals and can lead to chemical food toxicant. Chemicals can produce both acute and chronic diseases depending on the level of contaminants in the food.

scholarly journals Food fraud and consumers’ choices in the wake of the horsemeat scandal

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 1898-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Agnoli ◽  
Roberta Capitello ◽  
Maria De Salvo ◽  
Alberto Longo ◽  
Marco Boeri
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Ready Meal ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Purpose – In 2012, the European food industry was hit by a food fraud: horsemeat was found in pre-prepared foods, without any declaration on the package. This is commonly referred to as the “horsemeat scandal”. The purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ preferences across Europe for a selected ready meal, ready to heat (RTH) fresh lasagne, to consider whether the effects of potential food frauds on consumers’ choices can be mitigated by introducing enhanced standards of RTH products. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was administered to 4,598 consumers of RTH lasagne in six European countries (Republic of Ireland, France, Italy, Spain, Germany and Norway), applying discrete choice experiments to estimate consumers’ willingness to pay for enhanced food safety standards and highlight differences between countries. Findings – Many similarities across countries emerged, as well as some differences. Consumers in Europe are highly concerned with the authenticity of the meat in ready meals and strongly prefer to know that ingredients are nationally sourced. Strong regional differences in price premiums exist for enhanced food safety standards. Originality/value – This research adds relevant insights in the analysis of consumers’ reaction to food fraud, providing practical guidelines on the most appropriate practices that producers should adopt and on the information to reduce food risk perception among consumers. This would prove beneficial for the food processing industry and the European Union. The survey is based on a representative sample of European consumers making this the largest cross-country study of this kind.

Urban households’ willingness to pay for milk safety in Samsun and Trabzon provinces of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bozoglu ◽  
Abdulbaki Bilgic ◽  
Chung L. Huang ◽  
Wojciech J. Florkowski ◽  
Bakiye Kilic Topuz
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine urban households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for milk safety and to analyze the factors affecting WTP premiums using data obtained from surveys conducted in Samsun and Trabzon provinces, Turkey. Design/methodology/approach Contingent valuation and censoring methods including the error-dependent bivariate Heckman SS model were used for estimating WTP for milk safety and its effective factors, respectively. Findings The study indicates that 68 percent of the households were willing to pay 0.35 per liter for improving the safety of milk. The model results show that satisfaction with food safety standards, being married and full-time employment have statistically significant positive effects on the WTP for ISO-certified milk. However, purchasing milk from farmers or open-air markets, age, having a child six-year old or younger, and high school or higher education have statistically significant negative effects on the WTP for ISO-certified milk. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the current study is that only urban consumers’ WTP and effective factors for milk safety were examined in two provinces of Turkey. Practical implications More rigorous implementations of food safety standards, traceability systems and effective educational campaigns could promote households’ food safety awareness and increase their demand for milk safety. Social implications Knowing what factors are involved in consumer WTP is extremely important for decision makers to create new social policies in the region or country. Originality/value A similar study has not been conducted in Turkey. The novelty of this study is the specification and robust estimation of three different but competing models to reveal the wide range of WTP amounts for safe milk.

Designing food safety standards in beef jerky production process with the application of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-347
Author(s):  
Nilda Tri Putri ◽  
Ajeng Rhamadani ◽  
Wisnel Wisnel
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Beef Jerky ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Purpose This paper aims to identify the hazards in the production process and designing standard operational procedure (SOP) in producing beef jerky (dendeng Lambok). This SOP is designed with the application of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) that aimed to be a standard guideline for producing dendeng lambok products that are safe for consumption. Design/methodology/approach Problems that are generally found in the food industry are that there are many products, which do not meet food safety standards so that these products are not safe for consumption. The method can be used in dealing with these problems is to apply HACCP and design the SOP for the production of dendeng lambok. The initial data used are a flow diagram of the dendeng lambok production process. Flowchart of dendeng lambok production process is needed to identify hazards in each process. Based on the identification of hazards in each process, a process is included in the critical control point (CCP). Furthermore, SOP is designed for processes that enter CCPs. Findings Based on the application of HACCP, there are four processes that are included in the CCP consisting of boiling beef, beef frying, chili frying and packaging. SOP is designed for processes included in the CCP so that they can be used as standard guidelines in the dendeng lambok production process in producing products that are safe for consumption. Research limitations/implications HACCP is a method that is widely applied to ensure the products produced are safe for consumption. Based on previous research studies, the application of HACCP can reduce the hazard to food and the resulting product is safe for consumption. The application of HACCP can also improve the safety and quality of products, thereby causing a decrease in overall costs and increasing company revenue. Practical implications This research can only be useful for one of the small and medium food-industries in West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is, namely, Asal Seiya Sekata (ASESE), Ltd. This is because the SOP is designed in accordance with the conditions and problems in the dendeng lambok production process at ASESE, Ltd. Social implications This research is expected to help ASESE, Ltd. in maintaining the quality and safety of the produced dendeng lambok products. HACCP is applied in the production process dendeng lambok done to minimize the hazards of each production process dendeng lambok. The SOP is given as a standard guideline in the production process of dendeng lambok in producing products that are safe for consumption. Originality/value SOP designed can be used as a reference or guideline in the production process of dendeng lambok to reduce hazards in the process that included in the CCP. SOP designed for boiling beef, beef frying, chili frying and packaging.

Importance of Neo-formed Contaminants (NFCs) in Chemical Food Safety

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Food safety is the number one priority of the food and drink industry worldwide. It is always the target for modern food industry to meet the highest food safety standards based on sound science. While there are many scenarios that might cause food contamination, most fall under one of four categories; biological, chemical, physical and cross-contamination. Specifically, chemical contamination occurs when food comes into contact with chemicals and can lead to chemical food toxicant. Chemicals can produce both acute and chronic diseases depending on the level of contaminants in the food.

Compliance with GLOBALGAP standards among smallholder pineapple farmers in Akuapem-South, Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baah Prince Annor ◽  
Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu ◽  
John Baptist D. Jatoe
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the adherence, constraints and key factors associated with smallholder pineapple farmers’ compliance with Global working group for Good Agricultural Practice (GLOBALGAP) standards in the Akuapem-South Municipal area, Ghana. It utilizes the modeling of socio-economic, farm, market and institutional factors influencing smallholder farmers’ compliance with GLOBALGAP standards. This paper aims to enhance smallholder farmers’ compliance with food safety standards in particular GLOBALGAP so they can continue to participate in international food trade. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses mainly primary data solicited from 150 randomly selected smallholder farmers. Descriptive statistics are employed in estimating compliant farmers’ rate of adherence with standards requirements and identifying constraints of farmers while a probit regression model is used to determine the factors influencing GLOBALGAP compliance decision of farmers. Findings – Findings of the study show that compliant farmers’ rate of adherence with the standard is about 90 percent and this is below the minor musts compliance criteria of 95 percent. The results also indicate that lack of access to farm credits, high cost of farm inputs and high cost of labor are the major constraints to GLOBALGAP compliance. Factors found to positively influence farmers’ compliance decision are number of pineapple farms, access to off-farm income, access to market information and extension services. However, compliance is negatively influenced by age. Research limitations/implications – Majority of Ghanaian smallholder pineapple farmers are not GLOBALGAP certified. The study was limited to Akuapem-South because most farmers produce pineapple for the export market and are certified under the Option II GLOBALGAP group certification. Originality/value – This paper brings to bear issues confronting food safety standards compliance among smallholder farmers in developing countries, particularly Ghana.

Smallholder farmers’ compliance with GlobalGAP standard: the case of Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Baah Annor
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Standards Compliance ◽  
Food Safety Standards

Subject area Agricultural Trade, Farm Management, Economics of Food Safety Study level/applicability Both undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics. Case overview The pineapple production sector plays a very significant role in the Ghanaian horticultural industry. Production and export of fresh pineapple has been Ghana’s most developed high-value supply chain. However, the introduction of the GlobalGAP food safety standard in 2007 resulted in a fall in smallholder farmers’ participation in exportable pineapple production and subsequently led to declining trends in pineapple exports. The Ghanaian horticultural industry received quite a number of interventions over the years aimed at revitalizing the horticultural export sector and enhancing international competitiveness. However, the pineapple export sub-sector is still constrained with production and market access challenges meaning the sector struggles to survive. Expected learning outcomes The GlobalGAP standard compliance case is an appropriate way of explaining how smallholder farmers make informed decisions concerning the adoption of new farm practices. The case presents a careful evaluation of technical, institutional and socio-economic factors influencing a farmer’s decision to comply or not to comply with the GlobalGAP standard. Students should be able to apply farm management decision-making concepts and tools such as profit maximization and binary choice modelling techniques to explain a farmers’ final decisions on GlobalGAP standard compliance. This case should enable students to appreciate key factors constraining agricultural export trade performance in developing countries. The case should also contribute to students’ understanding of smallholder farmers’ decisions on food safety standards compliance, particularly GlobalGAP, and the challenges associated with the entire compliance process. Moreover, this case should provide students with possible policy considerations geared towards making food safety standards compliance easier, effective and sustainable in developing countries so as to enhance market access while ensuring food quality and safety along high-value food supply chains. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 7 Management Science

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