scholarly journals Busy female directors: an exploratory analysis of the impact of quotas and interest groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-385
Author(s):  
Yasaman Sarabi ◽  
Matthew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to provide an exploratory analysis of male and female directors, comparing the case of UK FTSE 350 boards of directors for 2010–2018, with Norwegian boards from 2002 to 2018, to examine patterns of busy female directors. This paper considers the differences between the effects of interest groups’ actions and those of quotas on the emergence of busy female directors. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a longitudinal approach, providing an examination of both non-busy directors and busy directors sitting on the boards of UK and Norwegian firms, with a focus on female directors. Drawing on methods from social network analysis, several trends and patterns are mapped for the two corporate systems. The paper tests whether the proportion of busy male directors is significantly different from the proportion of busy female directors in the two institutional settings. Findings The results show there has been an increase in the proportion of busy female directors, whereas the level of busy male directors is slightly decreasing in the UK from 2010 to 2018. In Norway, following the introduction of gender quotas on corporate boards, there has been an increase in overboarded directors, especially female directors, along with the rise of so-called “golden skirt” directors. However, when compared to the UK case, the proportion of busy male and female directors is higher, suggesting that the emergence of the golden skirts in Norway is not a result of quotas alone. Originality/value The topic of busy directors has received increased attention in recent years, yet the gender of these directors is often neglected. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics of busy female directors for large UK and Norwegian firms, presenting avenues for future research.

Effect of female executives on Chinese cultural media enterprise efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Yung-Ho Chiu ◽  
Tai-Yu Lin ◽  
Hongyi Cen
Keyword(s):  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Female Executives ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cultural Media ◽  
Better Than

Purpose As more women are now being appointed to senior and top management positions and invited to sit on boards of directors, they are now directly participating in strategic company decision-making. As female directors have been found to provide new ideas, increase company competitiveness, efficiency and performance and bring a greater number of external resources to a company than male directors, this paper aims to put female directors as a variable into the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and statistical models to explore the effect of female directors on operating performances. The DEA first quantified and measured the company efficiencies, after which the statistical model analyzed the correlations between the variables to specifically identify the impact of female decision makers on the operating efficiencies in state-owned and private enterprises. Design/methodology/approach A novel two-stage, meta-hybrid dynamic DEA was developed to explore Chinese cultural media company efficiencies under optimal input and output resource allocations, after which Tobit Regression was applied to determine the effect of female executives on these efficiencies. Findings From 2012 to 2016, the overall efficiencies in Chinese state-owned cultural media enterprises were better than in the private cultural media enterprises. The overall technology gaps (TGs) in the state-owned cultural media enterprises were better than in the private cultural media enterprises. Originality/value Previous research has tended to focus on the causal relationships between female senior executives and business performances; however, there have been few studies on the relationships between female executives and company performance from an efficiency perspective (optimal resource allocation). This paper, therefore, is the first to develop a novel two-stage, meta-hybrid dynamic DEA to examine Chinese cultural media enterprise efficiencies, and the first to apply Tobit Regression to assess the effect of female executives on those efficiencies.

Quality and quantity of FTSE-100 segmental information reporting

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassan H. Mardini ◽  
Sameh Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Reporting ◽  
Ifrs 8 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to explore the impact of international financial reporting standard no. 8 (IFRS 8) on segmental information reporting (SIR) after the post-implementation review (PIR) issued by international accounting standards board (IASB). This impact is examined in relation to quality and quantity as SIR dimensions represent, respectively, the level of reported items and segments. As a complement to this, the chief operating decision maker (CODM) identity is considered to understand the patterns of SIR dimensions. Design/methodology/approach The SIR of the UK financial times stock exchange 100 (FTSE-100) listed companies over the period 2013-2016 is the research’s scope. Several criteria were developed to ensure a representative research sample. A disclosure index approach was used facilitating the use of content analysis for data collection, which pertained to the dimensions of SIR published by the FTSE-100 following IFRS 8 PIR. Findings The IFRS 8 PIR has had several implications shaping the growing trend that is underpinned by the SIR dimensions published by FTSE-100 companies. First, the SIR quantity dimension positively corresponds over 2013-2016, but it still does not meet IASB’s demands. This, secondly, also applies to the quality dimension of SIR to uncover inconsistency with the existing knowledge being held regarding the introduction of IFRS 8. More specifically, the response of the FTSE-100 to mandatory and voluntary items seems to be in transition of substitution. Third, CODM’s identity was an insightful dimension in rationalising the understanding through the aforementioned dimensions. It is undertaken by boards of directors or executive committees and the case of the latter is associated with more disclose in relation to the CODM’s identity. Practical implications These findings reveal implications to: academics undertaking further research about IFRS 8 PIR to challenge or endorse this conclusion, using similar or alternative approaches; the stakeholders’ decision-making process; and policymakers to re-think the structure of mandatory and voluntary items. Originality/value This paper provides empirical evidence on the quality and quantity of SIR published by FTSE-100 companies following IFRS 8 PIR.

CEO incentive compensation and earnings management

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2447-2461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madi Almadi ◽  
Philip Lazic
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Corporate Governance Quality ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of CEO incentive-based compensation on earnings management, taking into account the influence of institutional settings and corporate governance systems. Design/methodology/approach Using archival data of 3,000 British, Australian, German, and Austrian firm-years between 2005 and 2014, the study applies fixed-effect estimator to reduce risks of endogeneity bias. Findings The findings reveal that institutional factors influence the relationship between CEO incentive-based compensation and earnings management. Particularly, firms from countries within the Anglo-American model (the UK and Australia), which provide greater protection for investor, stricter legal enforcement, and higher quality of corporate governance, tend to have lower level of earnings management. However, besides corporate governance quality, it is relevant to consider weaker investor protection and legal enforcement to motivate earnings management in firms from countries within the Euro-Continental model (Germany and Austria). Originality/value The study suggests that robust implementation of corporate governance, derived from either model, helps in restraining CEO opportunistic behavior. Importantly, more qualified institutions have higher impact on the relative adequacy of CEO incentive-based pay formulas in mitigating earnings management concerns. This can be extended by future research through comparative studies using other contexts or influential institutions.

Celebrating a decade of International Journal of Lean Six Sigma – a bibliometric analysis to uncover the “as is” and “to be” states

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Puram ◽  
Anand Gurumurthy
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Lean Six Sigma ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose International Journal of Lean Six Sigma (IJLSS) has completed a decade. To celebrate the same, this study aims to review the articles published in IJLSS from its inception to the year 2020. The journal’s trends and professional impact over the years are investigated and potential future research directions are proposed. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric analysis comprising of citation, co-citation and keyword co-occurrence methods is used on all the articles published in IJLSS till the year 2020. Content analysis is further done to analyse the type of research, type of industry studied and the articles’ target audience. Findings The journal has improved its reputation, productivity and impact over the years. Currently, studies published in IJLSS have been cited more than 5,000 times, with the most prominent themes being Six Sigma, Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and Lean in manufacturing and services. Researchers from India, the USA and the UK have contributed a significant number of publications. Most of the work published is case-based. There is a need for more empirical or survey-based research having high generalizability. Future studies should also focus on integrating LSS with emerging topics such as sustainability, Industry 4.0 and the like. Research limitations/implications The study provides evidence of the impact of IJLSS and highlights the trend in the domain of LSS. It can be of use for the editorial board members to identify potential areas to focus on in the future. Researchers can use it to further their research by working on the research gaps identified. Originality/value This paper is the first to trace the progress of IJLSS from its inception till the year 2020.

scholarly journals The impact of board diversity and voluntary risk disclosure on financial outcomes. A case for the manufacturing industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-462
Author(s):  
Nuria Reguera-Alvarado ◽  
Francisco Bravo-Urquiza
Keyword(s):  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Risk Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
Risk Disclosures ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse how board diversity affects firm financial outcomes through the way in which this diversity helps to improve voluntary disclosures. Design/methodology/approach The partial least squares (PLS) technique is used, and a sample of the manufacturing firms listed in Standard and Poor’s 500 for 2009 is studied. In relation to board diversity, two specific characteristics are considered, namely, gender diversity and ethnic diversity. Content analysis techniques are used to measure risk disclosures. Findings The results show that there is a positive association between board diversity and firms’ financial outcomes, which is explained by disclosing risk information. Research limitations/implications The results indicate that the effect of boards of directors on firm outcoumes is influenced by the board involvement in specific strategies, thereby providing encouraging opportunities for future research. Practical implications These findings have implications both for companies, when selecting board members, and for policymakers, when establishing requirements concerning board composition. Moreover, the evidence highlights the role of disseminating risk information, which has direct implications for managers and regulators, who may better understand the value-relevance of risk disclosures. Originality/value The use of PLS technique is one of the novelties of this paper. The novelty of this approach provides fresh insights into the literature, highlighting that the effect of boards on firm outcomes may be mediated by director involvement in specific disclosure strategies.

scholarly journals Brexit: measuring the impact upon skilled labour in the UK construction industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Mohamed ◽  
Erika Anneli Pärn ◽  
David John Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Original Insight ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an understanding of the potential impact of Brexit upon the UK construction industry. Specifically, the work analyses the construction industry’s reliance upon European Union (EU) skilled labour and seeks to determine the potential impact that Brexit poses upon EU skilled labour entering the sector. Design/methodology/approach A perceptual questionnaire survey was used to elicit responses from construction professionals using the two techniques of opportunity and snowballing non-probability sampling. Summary statistical analysis of Boolean and Likert item scale data accrued was employed to elucidate upon respondents’ perceptions. Findings The majority of survey participants either “strongly agreed” or “agreed” that the UK construction industry relies upon EU skilled labour and that a career in the sector would not be attractive for foreign skilled labour post-Brexit. Future research proposed includes: predicting future trends in labour supply and demand and deriving new policies to address skills shortage imbalances that may be created by Brexit. Originality/value Original insight into an historic and unprecedented moment for the UK construction industry is presented. The work also provides pragmatic recommendations to policy makers and Higher Education Institutes to prevent the risk of Brexit further exacerbating skilled labour shortages within the industry.

Contested ideas and possible futures for the university

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maree Conway
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Organisational Form ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to identify and explore the nature of ideas of the university in the present to demonstrate how the ideas both enable and constrain the emergence of its possible futures. Design/methodology/approach An integrated literature review of work on the western university was undertaken to identify the defining elements of ideas discussed in the literature – purpose, social legitimacy and embedded future – for the university in each idea. Findings Four contested and co-existing ideas of the university in the present were identified, and the nature of their co-existence and their underpinning assumptions about the purpose and social legitimacy and the embedded future held by each idea are made explicit. Research limitations/implications The paper focuses only on public, non-profit western universities as they exist in Australia, Europe, the UK, Canada and the USA in the present. Whether other forms of the university such as private non-profit and private for-profit “fit” into the four ideas and university types identified here was not explored and is a topic for future research. Originality/value The paper draws on an extensive literature to identify a new frame to understand the evolution of multiple ideas of the university, the impact of these ideas on the empirical organisational form of the university and how they shape assumptions about the university’s possible futures.

scholarly journals Adult safeguarding in Wales: one step in the right direction

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the background to the recent changes to adult safeguarding in Wales as a result of the new measures introduced by the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 and discuss their potential impact. Design/methodology/approach The paper relies on a range of material including reports published by the Law Commission, the National Assembly for Wales and other public bodies. It also refers to academic and practitioner material in journals and government guidance. Findings Although the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 introduced many changes in adult safeguarding in Wales, not least the duty to make enquiries, it does not take the opportunity to include statutory powers of barring and removal. The introduction of Adult Protection and Support Orders (APSOs) is a cautious step forward – perhaps it is too cautious. More research in needed on the different approaches across the UK. Research limitations/implications At the time of publication, the full effect of the new legislation has not been seen. Local authorities and others are coming to terms with the new provisions. No data on the impact of the new legislation are yet available. The paper identifies future research evaluating the working of the different approaches to safeguarding within the UK. Practical implications For practitioners, the new legislation provides opportunities to rethink the approach to safeguarding. The lower threshold for referrals will mean an increase in caseloads and the need to react to both low- and high-risk cases. For authorised officers, the practical issues identified relate to the circumstances in which an APSO may be sought and what can be put in place to protect the adult at risk once the order has been used. Social implications For those who experience abuse or neglect, the new legislation provides additional support when compared to the POVA process. The duty to make enquiries and the duty to report will hopefully strengthen protection and, with a lower threshold for referral, enable more preventative work to be done at an earlier stage. Whether the new APSO will make a difference remains to be seen. Originality/value As this is new legislation, there is very little analysis of the implications of the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014 in relation to safeguarding. This paper presents an overview and, in places, a critical analysis of the new safeguarding duties.

scholarly journals Women On Boards Of Directors: Effects On Firm Social Performance In The Basic Materials And Financial Services Sectors

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mel E. Schnake ◽  
Robert J. Williams ◽  
William Fredenberger
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Board Characteristics ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Women On Boards ◽  
The Impact

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 34.2pt 0pt 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">This study examined relationships between the number of female board members, board tenure, and board size on the number of 10K investigations that were instigated against<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>firms in the basic materials and financial services sectors of the economy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>After controlling for the effects of firm size, we found evidence of an interaction effect between the number of female directors and average board tenure for firms in the financial services sector, such that a higher number of women on boards coupled with longer average board tenure results in higher firm social performance (i.e., the fewer the number of 10K investigations brought against the firm).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>No link was found between female directors and average board tenure for the basic materials firms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Further, no interactive patterns were observed between female directors and board size in either sector.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Our findings suggest that future board research may benefit from a &ldquo;contingency approach,&rdquo; as this study has provided some evidence that the relationships between board characteristics and firm performance may not be generalizable from one sector to another.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Future research should carefully consider how the sector or industry may affect the impact of board characteristics on firm performance.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Can the offence behaviours of stranger rapists discriminate between UK and non-UK nationals

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Louise Almond ◽  
Michelle McManus ◽  
Gemma Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Currently, no research is available for behavioural investigative advisors’ to provide justifications to infer from the crime scene that an offender is a UK or non-UK national. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from National Crime Agency and consisted of 651 stranger rapes, 434 UK nationals and 217 non-UK nationals. All cases were coded for 70 offence behaviour variables. χ2 analyses were conducted to identify significant associations between offence behaviours and offender nationality. Significant associations were then entered into a logistic regression analysis to assess their combined predictive ability of offender nationality. Findings Analyses revealed 11 offence behaviours with significant associations to offender nationality: confidence, darkness, offender kisses victim, victim performs sex acts, requests sex acts, apologises, destroys forensics, block entry/exit, weapon – firearm, vaginal penetration – hands/fist/digital, and violence: minimal. From this, seven variables held predictive ability within the logistic regression, with five predicting the non-UK grouping and two the UK grouping. Research limitations/implications Future research should test the distinctions between UK and non-UK national stranger rapists and explore the impact of length of residency. Practical implications Results indicated that on the whole UK and non-UK stranger rapists display similar behaviours, but there were some distinct behaviours within stranger rape crime scenes, particularly the use of firearms. The ability to use crime scene behaviours to narrow suspect pools by criminal conviction is only useful when police have access to full criminal histories. Unfortunately, the ability to access and search non-UK databases is not always possible. Therefore, this study may be the first step for BIAs to utilise in identifying the likely offender nationality, before using further models that narrow down to criminal history. Originality/value This is the first study to examine whether it is possible to differentiate stranger rapists nationality using their offence behaviours.

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