House prices and unemployment: an empirical analysis of causality

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuchehr Irandoust
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
House Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Panel Granger Causality

Purpose This paper aims to examine whether there exists a long-run causal relationship between house prices and unemployment rates for eight major European countries. Design/methodology/approach The bootstrap panel Granger causality approach that accounts for cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity and structural breaks is used to detect the direction of causality. Findings The empirical findings for the overall panel support the presence of unidirectional causality running from house prices to unemployment. Practical implications The findings are not only important for households but also for policymakers concerned with economic and financial stability. Originality/value There are only a limited number of studies that have investigated the direct link between house prices and employment or unemployment. Given the increased importance of labor market variables, particularly the choice of the unemployment rate as a key indicator in designing forward guidance and the increased financial stability concerns regarding house price dynamics, it is important to better understand the causal linkages between house prices and unemployment rates. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to apply the bootstrap panel Granger causality approach to examine the relationship between house prices and unemployment rates.

scholarly journals Amsterdam house price ripple effects in The Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Larm Teye ◽  
Michel Knoppel ◽  
Jan de Haan ◽  
Marja G. Elsinga
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
House Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Housing Markets ◽  
Wealth Effects ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lag Effect

Purpose This paper aims to examine the existence of the ripple effect from Amsterdam to the housing markets of other regions in The Netherlands. It identifies which regional housing markets are influenced by house price movements in Amsterdam. Design/methodology/approach The paper considers the ripple effect as a lead-lag effect and a long-run convergence between the Amsterdam and regional house prices. Using the real house prices for second-hand owner-occupied dwellings from 1995q1 to 2016q2, the paper adopts the Toda–Yamamoto Granger Causality approach to study the lead-lag effects. It uses the autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL)-Bounds cointegration techniques to examine the long-run convergence between the regional and the Amsterdam house prices. The paper controls for house price fundamentals to eliminate possible confounding effects of common shocks. Findings The cumulative evidence suggests that Amsterdam house prices have influence on (or ripple to) all the Dutch regions, except one. In particular, the Granger Causality test concludes that a lead-lag effect of house prices exists from Amsterdam to all the regions, apart from Zeeland. The cointegration test shows evidence of a long-convergence between Amsterdam house prices and six regions: Friesland, Groningen, Limburg, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zuid-Holland. Research limitations/implications The paper adopts an econometric approach to examine the Amsterdam ripple effect. More sophisticated economic models that consider the asymmetric properties of house prices and the patterns of interregional socio-economic activities into the modelling approach are recommended for further investigation. Originality/value This paper focuses on The Netherlands for which the ripple effect has not yet been researched to the authors’ knowledge. Given the substantial wealth effects associated with house price changes that may shape economic activity through consumption, evidence for ripples may be helpful to policy makers for uncovering trends that have implications for the entire economy. Moreover, the analysis controls for common house price fundamentals which most previous papers ignored.

The causality between house prices and stock prices: evidence from seven European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuchehr Irandoust
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to examine whether there exists a long-run causal relationship between the prices of households’ two major assets: stocks and houses over the period 1975Q1–2017Q1 for seven major European countries. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses the bootstrap panel Granger causality approach to determine the causal structure, focusing on cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity and structural breaks. Findings The findings show that, in most cases, there is a unidirectional causality running from stock price to house price but the converse is not true. This confirms a strong wealth effect in housing markets. The findings are important for not only households but also policymakers concerned with financial stability and housing prices. Originality/value First, the methodology used here devotes full attention to dynamic co-movement between housing and stock markets. Second, this study uses a rather long quarterly data, which implies that the findings could be robust. Third, the study uses real personal disposable income as a control variable to remove the effects of economic growth. Fourth, most of the previous studies do not consider the presence of structural breaks and this makes the result of causality invalid and biased. Fifth, most of the previous studies on housing and stock markets concentrated on the US and non-European countries such as China, Korea and Singapore.

Policy will cut the risk of booming house prices

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
House Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Mortgage Backed Securities ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government

Significance The government in New Zealand, where the market is particularly buoyant, was the first to react in February. It now requires the Reserve Bank to consider house prices when setting monetary policy. Other governments and central banks have shown little sign of following suit. Impacts Calls are rising for the US Federal Reserve to taper its purchases of mortgage-backed securities, but it will remain cautious. Rising financial stability risks and house price booms increase the risk of insolvency for borrowers and non-performing-loans for banks. Higher house prices add indirectly to consumer price inflation if they push up rents, but this link takes time to materialise.

scholarly journals Understanding the short- and long-run relationship between vacant allotment and established house prices

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rossini ◽  
Valerie Kupke
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
House Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
A Site ◽  
Urban Land Market

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address a key issue fundamental to the operation of land and housing markets, that is, the relationship between land and house prices. The study identifies possible causation between established house and vacant allotment prices using the metropolitan area of Adelaide, Australia as a case study. Design/methodology/approach – A key outcome of the study is the construction of a Site Adjusted Land Price Index against which a Quality Adjusted House Price Index is compared. Findings – The results show that there is a lagged effect of land prices on house prices and that this is significant at an interval of eight lag periods. The results also imply that the lead lag relationship between established house and vacant allotment prices is not unidirectional. This suggests that, while a change in house prices leads to a change in land prices in the short-run, the long-run position is for increasing land prices to lead to a delayed increase in house prices. Research limitations/implications – Rising house prices do not simply and solely reflect a shortage of land. There are suggested effects both immediate from house to land and delayed from land to house, particularly in a rising market. Originality/value – The lead lag relationships of both indexes are tested using Granger causality estimates to assess whether theoretical Ricardian concepts still hold in a modern urban land market.

scholarly journals The connectedness of house price affordability (HPA) and rental price affordability (RPA) measures

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Squires ◽  
Don Webber ◽  
Hai Hong Trinh ◽  
Arshad Javed
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
House Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lag Variables

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between house price affordability (HPA) and rental price affordability (RPA) in New Zealand. The cointegration of HPA and RPA is of particular focus given rising house prices and rising rents. Design/methodology/approach The study examines the lead-lad correlation between HPA and RPA. The method uses a generalised least square technique and the development of an ordinary least squares model. Findings The study shows that there is an existence of cointegration and unidirectional statistical causality effects between HPA and RPA across 11 regions in New Zealand. Furthermore, Auckland, Wellington and Canterbury are the three regions in which the results detect the most extreme effects amongst HPA and RPA compared to other places in the country. Extended empirical work shows interesting results that there are lead-lag effects of HPA and RPA on each other and on mortgage rates at the national scale. These effects are consistent for both methods but are changed at individual lead-lag variables and amongst different regions. Originality/value The study empirically provides useful insight for both academia and practitioners. Particularly in examining the long-run effects, cointegration and forecasting of the volatile interactions between HPA and RPA.

Superstar Cities

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Gyourko ◽  
Christopher Mayer ◽  
Todd Sinai
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
House Price ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Price Appreciation

We document large long-run differences in average house price appreciation across metropolitan areas over the past 50 years, and show they can be explained by an inelastic supply of land in some unique locations combined with an increasing number of highincome households nationally. The resulting high house prices and price-to-rent ratios in those “superstar” areas crowd out lower income households. The same forces generate a similar pattern among municipalities within a metropolitan area. These facts suggest that disparate local house price and income trends can be driven by aggregate demand, not just changes in local factors such as productivity or amenities. (JEL R11, R23, R31, R52)

A multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of housing market: a role of financial crises in developed economies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Raza ◽  
Nida Shah ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Suleman ◽  
Md Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Housing Market ◽  
Market Efficiency ◽  
House Price ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Before And After

Purpose This study aims to examine the house price fluctuations in G7 countries by using the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) for the years 1970–2019. The study examined the market efficiency between the short-term and long-term in the full sample period, before and after the global financial crisis period. Design/methodology/approach This study uses the MF-DFA to analyze house price fluctuations. Findings The findings confirmed that the housing market series are multifractal. Furthermore, all the markets showed long-term persistence in both the short and long-term. The USA is identified as the most persistent house market in the short run and Japan in the long run. Moreover, in terms of efficiency, Canada is identified as the most efficient house market in the long run and the UK in the short run. Finally, the result of before and after the financial crisis period is consistent with the full sample result. Originality/value The contribution of this study in the literature is fourfold. This is the first study that has examined the house prices efficiency by using the MF-DFA technique given by Kantelhardt et al. (2002). Previously, the house market prices and efficiency has been investigated using generalized Hurst exponent (Liu et al., 2019), Quantile Regression Approach (Chae and Bera, 2019; Tiwari et al., 2019) but no study to the best of the knowledge has been done that has used the MF-DFA technique on the housing market. Second, this is the first study that has focused on the house markets of G7 countries. Third, this study explores the house market efficiency by dividing the market into two periods i.e. before and after the financial crisis. The study strives to investigate if the financial crisis determines the change in the degree of market efficiency or not. Finally, the study gives valuable insights to the investors that will help them in their investment decisions.

The relationship between financial development and economic growth in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siphe-okuhle Fakudze ◽  
Asrat Tsegaye ◽  
Kin Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe paper examined the relationship between financial development and economic growth for the period 1996 to 2018 in Eswatini.Design/methodology/approachThe Autoregressive Distributed Lag bounds test (ARDL) was employed to determine the long-run and short-run dynamics of the link between the variables of interest. The Granger causality test was also performed to establish the direction of causality between financial development and economic growth.FindingsThe ARDL results revealed that there is a long-run relationship between financial development and economic growth. The Granger causality test revealed bidirectional causality between money supply and economic growth, and unidirectional causality running from economic growth to financial development. The results highlight that economic growth exerts a positive and significant influence on financial development, validating the demand following hypothesis in Eswatini.Practical implicationsPolicymakers should formulate policies that aims to engineer more economic growth. The policies should strike a balance between deploying funds necessary to stimulate investment and enhancing productivity in order to enliven economic growth in Eswatini.Originality/valueThe study investigates the finance-growth linkage using time series analysis. It determines the long-run and short-run dynamics of this relationship and examines the Granger causality outcomes.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Heeho Kim ◽  
◽  
SaeWoon Park ◽  
Sun Hye Lee ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
House Prices ◽  
House Price ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
High Price ◽  
Subprime Crisis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Price Escalation ◽  
Housing Submarket

This paper studies the abnormal price behavior of Kangnam, a premium (high price) housing submarket in Seoul, Korea, which addresses the correlation between house prices, bank lending, and other factors, including income. Kangnam experienced the most dramatic price escalation during the study period (1999-2009) despite Korean government policies to stabilize house prices in 2005 and the U.S. subprime crisis in 2008. The empirical result shows that even though the house price in a premium market is, to some degree, positively influenced by income, it is not affected by bank lending in the short-run while negatively affected in the long-run. This suggests that a premium housing submarket has a peculiar price dynamics of its own unlike the other submarkets which seem to comply more or less with our notion of a general economic theory, especially in terms of house prices and bank lending.

scholarly journals Structural Breaks and Explosive Behavior in the Long-Run: The Case of Australian Real House Prices, 1870–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Vicente Esteve ◽  
Maria A. Prats
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Unit Root Tests ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Bubble Behavior ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Long Time

Abstract In this article, we use tests of explosive behavior in real house prices with annual data for the case of Australia for the period 1870–2020. The main contribution of this paper is the use of very long time series. It is important to use longer span data because it offers more powerful econometric results. To detect episodes of potential explosive behavior in house prices over this long period, we use the recursive unit root tests for explosiveness proposed by Phillips et al. (2011), (2015a,b). According to the results, there is a clear speculative bubble behavior in real house prices between 1997 and 2020, speculative process that has not yet been adjusted.

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