Optimising end-to-end maritime supply chains: a carbon footprint perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate an optimisation method, and resulting insights, for minimising total logistics-related carbon emissions for end-to-end supply chains. Design/methodology/approach – The research is based on two real-life UK industrial cases. For the first case, several alternative realistic routes towards the UK are analysed and the optimal route minimising total carbon emissions is identified and tested in real conditions. For the second case, emissions towards several destinations are calculated and two alternative routes to southern Europe are compared, using several transport modes (road, Ro-Ro, rail and maritime). An adapted Value Stream Mapping (VSM) approach is used to map carbon footprint and calculate emissions; in addition Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) data provided information for vessel specification allowing the use of more accurate emission factors for each shipping leg. Findings – The analysis of the first case demonstrates that end-to-end logistics-related carbon emissions can be reduced by 16-21 per cent through direct delivery to the UK as opposed to transhipment via a Continental European port. The analysis of the second case shows that deliveries to southern Europe have the highest potential for reduction through deliveries by sea. Both cases show that for distant overseas destinations, the maritime leg represents the major contributor to CO2 emissions in the end-to-end supply chain. It is notable that one of the main apportionment approaches (that of Defra in the UK) generate higher carbon footprints for routes using Ro-Pax vessels, making those not optimal. The feasibility of the optimal route was demonstrated with real-life data. Originality/value – This research used real-life data from two UK companies and highlighted where carbon emissions are generated in the inbound and outbound transport chain, and how these can be reduced.

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Valuing retail lease options through time

Journal of Property Investment and Finance ◽

10.1108/jpif-05-2016-0036 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 369-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jussi Vimpari ◽

Seppo Junnila

Keyword(s):

Option Pricing ◽

Real Option ◽

Real Life ◽

Option Valuation ◽

Content Type ◽

Life Data ◽

Property Owner ◽

Real Life Data ◽

Different Types ◽

Lease Contracts

Purpose Retail properties are a perfect example of a property class where revenues determine the rent for the property owners. Estimating the value of new retail developments is challenging, as the initial revenues can have a significant variance from the long-term revenue levels. Owners and tenants try to manage this problem by introducing different kind of options, such as overage rent and extension rights, to the lease contracts. The purpose of this paper is to value these options through time for different types of retailers, using real-life data with a method that can be easily applied in practice. Design/methodology/approach This paper builds upon the existing papers on real option studies but has a strong practical focus, which has been identified as a challenge in the field. The paper presents simple mathematical equations for valuing overage rent and extension options. The equations capture the value related to uncertainty (volatility) that is missed by standard valuation practices. Findings The results indicate that overage and extension options can represent a significant proportion of retail lease contract’s value and their value is heavily time-dependent. The option values differ greatly between tenants, as the volatilities can have a large spread across tenants. The paper suggests that the applicability of option pricing theory and calculus should not be considered as an insurmountable barrier any more, rather a greater challenge for the practical adaptability of the method can be the availability of real-life data that is a common problem in real option analysis. Practical implications The value of extension and overage options varies greatly between tenants. In general, the property owner can try balance the positive effects from the overage rents to the negative effects of tenant extensions. However, this study tries to highlight that, as usual, using the “law of averages” can result into poor valuation in this context as well. Even the data used in this study provide valuable findings for the property owner as an analytical deduction can be made that certain types of tenants have higher volatilities and this should be acknowledged when valuing options within lease contracts. Originality/value Previous literature in this topic often takes the input data for the option valuation as granted rather than trying to identify the real-life data available for the calculation. This is a common problem in real options valuation and it seems to be one of the reasons why option valuation has not been used widely in practice. This study has used real-life data to assess the problem and more importantly assessed the data across different types of tenants. The volatility spread between different types of tenants has not been discussed previously, even though it has a significant importance when using option pricing in practice.

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PDB4 AN EVALUATION OF THE COST OF DIABETES-RELATED MEDICATION FOLLOWING INITIATION OF TREATMENT WITH INSULIN GLARGINE VERSUS INSULIN DETEMIR IN THE UK FROM OBSERVATIONAL, REAL-LIFE DATA FROM GENERAL PRACTICE

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/s1098-3015(10)63274-3 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. A224-A225

Author(s):

CD Poole ◽

AP Tetlow ◽

P Holmes ◽

P McEwan ◽

CJ Currie

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Insulin Glargine ◽

Insulin Detemir ◽

Real Life ◽

Life Data ◽

Real Life Data ◽

The Uk ◽

The Cost

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Abstract #601 Mortality; Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (Mace) and Weight are Reduced in 400 Hypogonadal Men on Long-Term Testosterone Therapy (TTH) Compared to 376 Untreated Hypogonadal Controls: Real-Life Data from A 10-Year Registry

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)47240-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 143

Author(s):

Farid Saad ◽

Ahmad Haider ◽

Karim Haider ◽

Gheorghe Doros ◽

Abdulmaged Traish

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Real Life ◽

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽

Testosterone Therapy ◽

Life Data ◽

Real Life Data

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Abstract #1216 Improvement of Blood Pressure (Bp); Heart Rate and Other Hemodynamic Markers in Hypogonadal Patients with Hypertension Receiving Long-Term Testosterone Therapy (Tth) Compared to Untreated Hypogonadal Controls: Real-Life Data from a 10-Year Registry

Endocrine Practice ◽

10.1016/s1530-891x(20)47508-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 312-313

Author(s):

Farid Saad ◽

Ahmad Haider ◽

Karim Haider ◽

Gheorghe Doros ◽

Abdulmaged Traish

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Real Life ◽

Testosterone Therapy ◽

Life Data ◽

Real Life Data

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Neuropsychology in the Real World

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x/a000139 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 233-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin Peper ◽

Simone N. Loeffler

Keyword(s):

Neuropsychological Assessment ◽

Real World ◽

Ecological Validity ◽

Real Life ◽

Emotional States ◽

Context Sensitive ◽

Traditional Assessment ◽

Life Data ◽

Real Life Data ◽

Assessment And Treatment

Current ambulatory technologies are highly relevant for neuropsychological assessment and treatment as they provide a gateway to real life data. Ambulatory assessment of cognitive complaints, skills and emotional states in natural contexts provides information that has a greater ecological validity than traditional assessment approaches. This issue presents an overview of current technological and methodological innovations, opportunities, problems and limitations of these methods designed for the context-sensitive measurement of cognitive, emotional and behavioral function. The usefulness of selected ambulatory approaches is demonstrated and their relevance for an ecologically valid neuropsychology is highlighted.

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