scholarly journals The expected social impact of the Winter Olympic Games and the attitudes of non-host residents toward bidding

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Liu ◽  
Christopher Hautbois ◽  
Michel Desbordes
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Winter Olympic Games

Purpose Using Beijing’s bid for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games as an example, the purpose of this paper is to explore the expected social impact of mega-sporting events, as perceived by non-host city residents, and the way in which this perception affects attitudes toward bidding. Design/methodology/approach An empirical survey study was conducted in which data were collected from residents in Shanghai, comprising a sample of 483 respondents. An exploratory factor analysis identified 40 items loaded on eight distinctive factors that underlie the expected social impact of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of the perceived impact on residents’ attitudes toward the bid to host the Olympics. Findings Among the eight identified impact factors, six were found to be positive and two negative. While all factors were significantly higher above the point of indifference, perceived positive impact factors tended to outweigh those that were negative. In addition, seven out of the eight factors were found to be significantly predictive of support for Beijing’s bidding: while the effect of “tourism and environment,” “social capital and psychic income,” “international cooperation and exchange,” “infrastructure,” “national image,” and “sport development” was positive, the effect of the “higher living cost” factor was negative with regard to the support of the bidding. This study seeks to contribute by taking a non-host community perspective. Originality/value A growing body of literature has documented perspectives on events and their specific timing during event cycles, i.e., during the bidding stage. In addition, it also offers insight into the perception and attitudes of citizens from emerging markets toward event bidding and hosting, both of which play an increasingly important role in global sports but, on the whole, remain relatively under researched.

Differences of perception between private and public officers in an organizing committee concerning stakeholders of an international sporting event

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Taeyeon Oh ◽  
Jihyeon Oh ◽  
Junhee Kim ◽  
Kisung Dennis Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Research Questions

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the perception of public and private officers of stakeholder at the PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games 2018. This event was selected as the subject of this research as it is the most recent mega-scale international sporting event and, given that the organizing committee (OC) is currently operating, it afforded a unique opportunity to investigate the staff of the organization. To clarify the research questions, this research identified stakeholders of Olympic Games.Design/methodology/approachThe research questions were examined by a stakeholder analysis that measured and compared perceptions conducted according to the stakeholder theory (Freeman, 2010) and previous research (Naraine et al., 2016).FindingsThis study identifies eight stakeholders of the 2018 Winter Olympic Games: the OC, the International Olympics Committee, National Olympic Committee, central government, local government, media, sponsors and non-government organizations. The authors pointed out that public officers are more sensitive to the opinions and movements of community members than private staff. Conversely, the authors found that the private staffs regard the media and influential stakeholders as more important compared with public officers.Originality/valueBased on the findings from the Olympics committee, this study contributes to the academic literature related to sporting events and their stakeholders by providing the most up-to-date identification of stakeholders.

Social impact of major sports events perceived by host community

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the social impact of major sports events perceived by host city residents using Shanghai as an example. Design/methodology/approach – Exploratory factor analysis based on 450 valid questionnaires. Findings – Research revealed six impact factors including four positive ones: “image and status,” “international exchange and cooperation,” “economic and tourism development,” and “infrastructure development.” In addition, two negative ones are also identified as “inconvenience of life” and “environment pollution and security concern.” Taken as a whole, the local residents in Shanghai have a relative positive perception of the impact of major sports events. Four out of six impact factors were significantly predictive of the attitude toward future bidding of major sports events. Originality/value – The existing literature mainly examined social impact of specific events through case study, and little is known about the overall perception of major sports events in general. Accordingly, this paper seeks to bridge the gap by taking an event portfolio approach using Shanghai as an example.

scholarly journals Adaptable design in Olympic construction

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Alexandra Brown ◽  
Manuel Cresciani
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
London 2012 ◽  
Mega Event ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The Olympic Games is the largest sporting mega event of its type, with deep cultural and historical roots. The event is short lived compared to the lifespan of the infrastructure required in host cities. The purpose of this paper is to examine models of adaptability in Olympic construction, using case studies in previous Olympic host cities of the Summer Olympic Games (Rome 1960, London 2012), to assess the impact of adaptability on future legacy. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods approach (archival research, direct observation), was used in two case studies: Rome (Palazzetto dello Sport, Palazzo dello Sport), and London (London Olympic Velodrome, London Aquatics Centre). The case studies examined how adaptability was used in design to secure legacy. Findings In the selected case studies (Rome 1960, London 2012), adaptability has had a positive impact on the post-Games use of venues, all four of which remain in use today. However, there are multiple factors that contribute to post-Games legacy, and further research is necessary. Research limitations/implications Whilst some positive results were observed in this study, more research is necessary across a broader spectrum of sites and venues to make conclusive recommendations for architects designing for Mega Sporting events. Social implications The significance of this study to architectural practice, academia, and society is its potential to benefit future Olympic Games, International Olympic Committee policy, and be extended to other Mega Sporting events. Originality/value The originality of this research lies within its analysis of Olympic infrastructures and sustainability, of which there is a current lack of comparative studies in academic research.

Examining service quality and social impact perceptions of the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Miguel Ribeiro ◽  
Abel Correia ◽  
Rui Biscaia ◽  
Carlos Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
City Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Olympic Games

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of service quality on perceived positive and negative social impact of the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games. Design/methodology/approach A field study was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, and data were collected from residents who attended the Olympic Games through a self-administered questionnaire (n=519). The questionnaire included measures of perceived service quality, positive and negative social impact. A confirmatory factor analysis analysed the psychometric properties of the constructs, and a subsequent structural equation model examined the relationships between service quality and social impact perceptions. Findings The results show good psychometric properties of a multidimensional construct of service quality composed of the technical, functional, aesthetic, access, accommodation and complementary events dimensions. The service quality construct was significantly related to both positive social impact (city image and community pride enhancement, social experiences and public infrastructures) and negative social impact (social conflicts and costs) perceptions. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by examining the role of service quality in sport mega-events and testing on different facets of social impact. The findings highlight that social atmosphere and new experiences in the Olympic Games are critical when planning these events.

An approach to improve service trade account of Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooyoung Sul
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Service Trade ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Trade Account ◽  
Hac Estimation ◽  
The Republic

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively confirm whether hosting the Winter Olympic Games can improve tourism balance or increase the number of inbound tourists, and to discuss how Korea could maximize this opportunity. It also attempts to identify other critical variables for improving tourism balances and further suggests that the certain characteristics of participating nation’s patterns of medal wins at the Games should be better understood to contribute to attracting more tourists. Design/methodology/approach For the quantitative analyses of the relationship between tourism balance and the Games, Newey-West Hac estimation is used to correct autoregression for seven host countries of the Winter Olympic Games in last 24 years. For the analyses of characteristics of specialization in medal wins, conventional revealed comparative advantage model is used and tobit estimation method is applied. Findings This research confirms the role of hosting the Winter Games in improving tourism balance and increasing the number of inbound tourists. The findings from analyses on country specialization in sports largely coincide with the existing literature, however, in addition to confirming the well-established significance of key variables determining country performance like population and GDP, this study also discloses the role of other variables like team size and population density. Originality/value Major contributions of this paper are two-fold: it analyzes the Winter Olympic Games which was rarely tackled; and relates hosting the mega-sport events with the service trade account. As the host country of the 2018 Winter Olympic Games, the Republic of Korea has great potential to overcome that chronic deficit by attracting more inbound tourists. This study indicates how country characteristics of specialization can be used to enhance effectiveness of promotion strategy to attract a large number of foreign tourists to the PyeongChang Winter Games and consequently improve tourism balance.

Exploring newsjacking as social media–based ambush marketing

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Burton ◽  
Cole McClean
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Sport Marketing ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Intent ◽  
Ambush Marketing ◽  
Winter Olympic Games

PurposeThis study explores the use of event-related promotional hashtags by non-sponsors as a form of social ambushing, akin to newsjacking, as potential means of ambushing major events and the potential challenges facing commercial rights holders.Design/methodology/approachFramed within the context of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games, the present research takes a descriptive analytical approach to social media analysis. Social media data were accessed from Twitter's API across a six-week Games period and subsequently coded and categorized based upon strategic intent, content and key structural characteristics. A quantitative analysis of Tweet distribution, frequency and buzz was then conducted, providing insight into the impacts and effects of social ambushing via newsjacking.FindingsImportantly, the study's findings suggest that whilst newsjacking by non-sponsors throughout the Games was pervasive, the potential reach and impact of such social ambushing may be limited. Non-sponsoring firms primarily adopted Games hashtags for behavioural or diversionary means, however consumer response to such attempts was minimal. These findings offer renewed perspective for scholars and practitioners on social ambushing and ambush marketing interventionism.Originality/valueThis research provides an important investigation into the manifestations and potential implications of social ambushing and illustrates the potential for brands to newsjack sporting events through unauthorized hashtag usage, necessary advances in sport marketing research.

Social impact of a participative small-scale sporting event

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Parra-Camacho ◽  
Rómulo Jacobo González-García ◽  
Manuel Alonso-Dos-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
City Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Collaboration ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

PurposeTo examine the social impact of a small-scale sporting event and its influence on the willingness to support future events.Design/methodology/approachA self-supplied questionnaire was used with 248 residents-sportspeople that participated in the Valencia Triathlon. Descriptive analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factorials were done through SPSS, FACTOR and EQS.FindingsThree dimensions of positive impacts were identified; sporting participation and city image, social development and human capital and economic development. The impacts in sporting participation and in the improvement to the image of the city contribute to positively explaining the willingness to support the holding of sporting events. Local sportspeople highlight their participative component and the projection of the city image as key factors to endorse holding future sporting events as a strategy for tourism.Research limitations/implicationsThe convenience sampling limits the extrapolation of the results.Practical implicationsMaking the most of the intangible aspects is recommended due to the great potential these events have to generate social capital and increase the networks of social collaboration. Give a more active role to volunteers and local organizers in an organization. Transmit the pride of the community and the sense of belonging to this community to the media and advertising communication.Social implicationsSmall scale sporting events can contribute to improving the quality of life, increasing pride, the sense of belonging of the residents, opportunities for entertainment and encouraging local participation.Originality/valueA contribution to the empirical analysis of the social impact of small-scale sporting events from the perspective of local participants.

The social impact of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games: comparison of residents' pre- and post-event perceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Ribeiro ◽  
Abel Correia ◽  
Rui Biscaia
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
City Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Sport Events

PurposeDespite the recognition that citizens' perceptions of mega sport events' social impact is critical for the sustainable development of these events and host cities, most previous studies have not taken into consideration how these perceptions may change over time. This study examines citizens' social impact perceptions of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games before and after the event.Design/methodology/approachData were collected amongst local residents of Rio de Janeiro pre- and post-event (n = 256). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) analysed the psychometric properties of the proposed social impact constructs. Subsequently, a multigroup analysis and latent mean comparisons were conducted to test social impact perceptions pre- and post-event.FindingsThe multigroup CFA showed factorial stability of the social impact model in both periods, while the latent mean comparisons revealed significant differences in the dimensions of social experiences, city image and community pride enhancement, public infrastructures and social conflicts. Results indicated that the perception of positive impacts tends to increase, while perceived negative impacts decrease from pre- to post-event.Social implicationsThe social effects of hosting sport mega events result in a short-term change in attitudes towards the local community, leading to a better comprehension on how communities perceive the event's impact on their lives.Originality/valueIn a highly complex mega event such as the Olympic Games, any change may influence residents' perceptions. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of residents for determining support or opposition in hosting the event, allowing a better understanding of the exchange effects.

Echo or organic: framing the 2014 Sochi Games

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Frederick ◽  
Ann Pegoraro ◽  
Lauren Burch
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Winter Olympic Games ◽  
Echo Chamber ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis of how traditional media and social media framed the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympic Games. Design/methodology/approach The researchers examined newspaper articles pertaining to the Sochi Olympics and Tweets containing #SochiProblems to determine if differences or overlap existed in terms of themes and frames. A thematic analysis was conducted with the qualitative software Leximancer. Findings An analysis of 2,856 newspaper articles and 497,743 Tweets revealed three frames across the two media platforms including: the setting, the politics, and the games. There was both a divergence and convergence of content. While there was an echo chamber in terms of discussions regarding political controversies, organic content related to conditions and accommodations existed primarily on Twitter. Originality/value This study sought to investigate whether organic content on Twitter could withstand the transference of sentiments that emerge in traditional media. This study adds to the current body of the literature by examining whether there is a convergence or divergence of content across media platforms pertaining to an international sporting event.

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