The future of the Internet of Things: toward heterarchical ecosystems and service business models

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Leminen ◽  
Mervi Rajahonka ◽  
Mika Westerlund ◽  
Robert Wendelin
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Purpose This study aims to understand their emergence and types of business models in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems. Design/methodology/approach The paper builds upon a systematic literature review of IoT ecosystems and business models to construct a conceptual framework on IoT business models, and uses qualitative research methods to analyze seven industry cases. Findings The study identifies four types of IoT business models: value chain efficiency, industry collaboration, horizontal market and platform. Moreover, it discusses three evolutionary paths of new business model emergence: opening up the ecosystem for industry collaboration, replicating the solution in multiple services and return to closed ecosystem as technology matures. Research limitations/implications Identifying business models in rapidly evolving fields such as the IoT based on a small number of case studies may result in biased findings compared to large-scale surveys and globally distributed samples. However, it provides more thorough interpretations. Practical implications The study provides a framework for analyzing the types and emergence of IoT business models, and forwards the concept of “value design” as an ecosystem business model. Originality/value This paper identifies four archetypical IoT business models based on a novel framework that is independent of any specific industry, and argues that IoT business models follow an evolutionary path from closed to open, and reversely to closed ecosystems, and the value created in the networks of organizations and things will be shareable value rather than exchange value.

scholarly journals Business Models and Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1192-1203
Author(s):  
Dragos Tohanean ◽  
Anca Vasilescu
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
New Business Models

Abstract Information technology has massively transformed the world of business over the past fifty years - first individual functional areas within companies (“first wave”), later increasingly also cross-divisional value-added processes and trade (“second wave”). Those companies that recognized the tremendous economic potential of these upheavals and consistently adapted, profited enormously - many others, however, fell dramatically. At the same time, innovative startups emerged that successfully created and occupied new markets. With the Internet of Things (IoT), the third digital wave is currently rolling up. Their impact will be enormous - both for our everyday lives and for many industries that have so far been largely spared the disruptive power of digital transformation. Accordingly, the challenges facing most companies today are: understanding more complex competition, acquiring new digital technologies, making existing offerings smart, developing new services, networking production, efficiently analyzing vast amounts of data, and building viable organizations to push all this forward. The IoT is a driver for digitization. By analyzing machine data, the use of sensors and the intelligent real-time processing of huge amounts of data in the cloud, new business models are created. With the information gained, companies are able to improve their value chain. However, one of the most difficult issues in this context for many companies is how they can further develop their existing business model or establish successful new business models that will be based on new technologies and IoT. To investigate resulting impacts, we draw on the existing business models and deduct specifics for the Internet of Things. Building on this, in order to reach the aims of the paper the authors will use a descriptive research method and a case study in order to present how new business models work with the IoT.

scholarly journals Research on the Connotation and Business Model of Internet of Things under the Background of Globalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Technology Industry ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Internet Of Things

 With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, the new generation of information technology industry represented by the Internet of Things has continually nurtured new business models and economic growth points, and created one after another IoT mythology, which greatly promoted the global socioeconomic development and transformation. IoT has increasingly become the new engine of the current global economic development. To this end, this paper starts with the concept and connotation of the Internet of Things, discusses the development and application of the global Internet of Things and the types and characteristics of the Internet of Things business model, and proposes the measures and countermeasures of the business model of the Internet of Things in the context of globalization.

A Business Model Framework for Crowd-Driven IoT Ecosystems

2019 ◽  
pp. 440-461
Author(s):  
Xenia Ziouvelou ◽  
Frank McGroarty
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Business Modelling ◽  
Emerging Ecosystems ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This article describes how the era of hyper-connectivity is characterized by distributed, crowd-centric ecosystems that utilise cutting edge technology so as to harness the collective power, co-creation ability and intelligence of the crowd utilising under open participatory value creation models. The Internet of Things (IoT) has fueled the emergence of such ecosystems that leverage not only the power of physical things connected to the Internet but also the wisdom of the crowd to observe, measure, and make sense of phenomena via user-owned mobile and wearable devices. Existing business modelling literature has to date, placed no research attention on business models for such emerging ecosystems. This article aims to fill this gap by examining the dynamics of crowd-driven IoT ecosystems and introducing a business model framework for such environments, encompassing all relevant value-creating actors, activities and processes, facilitating this way a holistic ecosystem business model analysis.

Creating a Research Laboratory on Big Data and Internet of Things for the Study and Development of Digital Transformation

2019 ◽  
pp. 339-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vardan Mkrttchian ◽  
Leyla Gamidullaeva ◽  
Svetlana Panasenko ◽  
Arman Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Technology Platform ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This chapter discusses the problems associated with the design of the business model in the new context of big data and the internet of things to create a research laboratory for studying and improving digital transformations. The development of business prospects for IOT is due to two main trends: 1) the change of focus from IOT viewing primarily as a technology platform for viewing it as a business ecosystem and 2) the transition from focusing on the business model in general to the development of business models of ecosystems. In the chapter, the business model of the ecosystem is considered as a model consisting of signs fixed in ecosystems and focuses on creating the cost of the laboratory and fixing the value of the ecosystem in which the created laboratory operates.

From Ubiquitous Computing to the Internet of Things

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozidar Radenkovic ◽  
Petar Kocovic
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Washing Machine ◽  
Packaged Goods ◽  
New Business ◽  
2D Bar Code ◽  
The Right ◽  
Consumer Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet that most of us knows as the World Wide Web is expanding beyond PCs and mobile devices. Called the “Internet of things”, this movement will link consumer devices, enterprise assets, media and everyday items, such as packaged goods, to the Internet at an increasing rate. Why the push? New business models and new ways of interacting with customers, employees and suppliers are possible when physical items are linked to the Internet. In theory, the Internet of things will make it possible for a connected refrigerator to automatically order milk. However, history has shown that, even though a technology can be transformational, it takes a series of many small evolutions before the consumer and business world are ready for transformational models like this. We believe that, at first, the sweet spot for the Internet of things will be to use it in simple ways that extend or enhance an existing process. For example, a washing machine that has a 2D bar code can enable a smartphone user to view the instruction manual, or a service person to view the service history and parts list. In contrast, using the Internet of things technologies to make a washing machine that can auto-detect clothes by reading the RFID tags on the garments' labels, and consequently run at the right settings, is less likely to gain adoption.

The Future of Modern Jobs

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-149
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Learning Journey ◽  
New Business ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
New Business Models

Throughout this book, the authors have discussed the implications of the rise of artificial intelligence, Industry 4.0, the internet of things, and new business models that do not have any known precedents. While discussing the skills needed to survive in the modern economy, they have yet to address the issue of what will become of our jobs. Will our children dream of the same jobs we dreamed once before? Will they require the same studies we had to follow to reach our actual positions? Will our jobs still exist by the time we reach the pension, or will we need to reinvent everything that we know of? The authors do not have an answer to these questions; what they can do is only make educated guesses about what is about to come and be ready for it. In this last chapter, the authors see what experts think our future will look like and give their educated opinion in what to invest in our lifelong learning journey to be on top of this unprecedented disruption of the economy.

scholarly journals RFID Presenter: A New Way to Feel a Talk

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ruiz-de-Garibay ◽  
Jon Legarda ◽  
Szilárd A. Kados ◽  
Xabier Eguiluz
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Models ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
End User ◽  
Consumer Electronic ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
New Business Models

RFID is a key which enables technology for the Internet of Things paradigm, allowing the virtualization of the physical objects into the Internet. There are uncountable applications whereby these connected objects can be a breakthrough for new business models, and this work shows a good example of that. We present the RFID Presenter as the evolution of a classical consumer electronic product to a novel connected Internet product with the addition of the RFID technology. It supposes a new way to manage the conference talks in a personalization way, improving the end-user interaction and providing services that were impossible before. The design, implementation, and validation of a real gadget are well explained in order to give a real example of how the Internet of Things can be integrated into daily objects and enhance the end-user experiences.

Mitigating information asymmetry in inventory pledge financing through the Internet of things and blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Liu ◽  
Justin Zuopeng Zhang ◽  
Wu He ◽  
Wenzhuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Novel Ecosystem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Internet Of Things

PurposeRisks resulted from asymmetric information have become crucial barriers for commercial banks to implement supply chain finance (SCF) – mainly the inventory pledge financing (IPF). At the same time, online financial service providers (OFSPs) are emerging as strong competitors in the SCF market. As a result, commercial banks need to update their traditional SCF business models and alleviate their over-dependence on OFSPs.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ a multi-case-study method to investigate how the Internet of things (IoT) and blockchain technologies can be jointly leveraged to mitigate SCF risks. In-depth interviews were conducted to depict the business models and their novel ecosystem to reinforce traditional banks' ability in SCF services.FindingsFrom the perspective of information asymmetry, the authors categorize IPF risks into three groups based on the principal-agent theory: collateral, warehousing and liquidity risk. The findings suggest that IoT can primarily improve traditional banks' information acquisition ability, and blockchain can facilitate credible information transformation, enabling banks to acquire knowledge from collaterals. Besides, the e-platform in the new architecture increases banks' involvement in the supply chain and builds a fair network to curtail warehousing risks. The employment of smart contracts and collaborative mechanism ensure process and outcome control in mitigating liquidity risks.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the literature by confirming the role of emerging technologies in reducing information asymmetry risks. Besides, the findings provide valuable insights for practitioners to promote effective practices and approaches in IPF.

An Approach to Designing IoT-Based Business Models

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-70
Author(s):  
Iva Vojinović ◽  
Dušan Barać ◽  
Ivan Jezdović ◽  
Milica Labus ◽  
Filip Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Business Model Canvas ◽  
Key Resources ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Model Development

This chapter will foster the understanding of the structure of business model elements in Internet of things field. Business model provides an efficient way to analyze, understand and manage strategically oriented goals for one or more stakeholders in order to create some value for end-users, but in the Internet of things there is not clear path for its development. An approach that will be used is the generally accepted principle of forming business model, Canvas template, which is a strategic template for understanding the relation between key partners, key activities, customers and clients, key resources, value proposition for customers in the form of products or services, relationships with customers, sales and distribution channels, cost structure, income flow. Presented is an integrated model with main aspects that should be covered when it comes to the Internet of things business model development, combining Canvas template, inside organizational structure and ecosystem restrictions.

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