What makes a difference? Evaluating the key distinctions and predictors of sexual and non-sexual offending among male and female juvenile offenders

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryanna Fox
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Female Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the ability of a comprehensive set of covariates to distinguish and predict juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) from non-sexual juvenile offenders (NSJOs) using demographic traits, criminality covariates, childhood trauma, and psychopathologies in a sample of male and female juvenile offenders in the USA. Design/methodology/approach A multivariate binary logistic regression will be conducted on a total of 64,329 juvenile offenders in Florida to determine what demographic, criminal history, childhood traumas, and psychopathologies make a difference in identifying sexual and NSJOs while controlling for the other key predictors in the model. Findings Results indicate that having an earlier age of criminal onset and more felony arrests, experiencing sexual abuse or being male, having low empathy, high impulsivity, depression, and psychosis all significantly increase the risk of sexual vs non-sexual offending among the male and female juvenile offenders, even while controlling for all other key covariates in the analysis. Originality/value This study uncovered many new findings regarding the key distinguishing traits of juvenile sex offending vs non-sexual offending, using a comprehensive list of predictors, a large sample of male and female offenders, and a rigorous statistical methodology.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Trauma, Recidivism Risk, and Reoffending in Male and Female Juvenile Offenders

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina A. Vitopoulos ◽  
Michele Peterson-Badali ◽  
Shelley Brown ◽  
Tracey A. Skilling
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Female Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Trauma Recidivism ◽  
The Relationship

A Cluster-Analytic Investigation of MMPI Profiles of Serious Male and Female Juvenile Offenders

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 770-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy L. Espelage ◽  
Elizabeth Cauffman ◽  
Lisa Broidy ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Paul Mazerolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Analytic Investigation ◽  
Female Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cluster Analytic

scholarly journals A cross-national comparison of police attitudes about domestic violence: a focus on gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samara McPhedran ◽  
Angela R. Gover ◽  
Paul Mazerolle
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Police Attitudes ◽  
Enforcement Officer ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Officer Attitudes ◽  
Cross National

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first goal is to conduct a cross-national examination of law enforcement officer attitudes about domestic violence (DV) by comparing officer attitudes in the USA to officer attitudes in Australia. The second goal is to examine law enforcement officer attitudes about DV using a gender lens to identify whether patterns in attitudes among male and female officers in the USA are similar to those among Australian male and female law enforcement officers. Design/methodology/approach The current study involves a comparative analysis of DV attitudes in two different countries (the USA and Australia). Officers in the USA were asked to indicate their level agreement with 28 attitudinal statements about DV. The Australian survey adapted the Gover et al. (2011) instrument by including 24 of the 28 attitudinal statements. The survey followed a mixed-methods design with both quantitative and qualitative components. Bivariate analyses were conducted to determine whether attitudes varied by country and gender of the responding officers. Analyses of attitudinal questions and categorical variables (e.g. gender) were conducted using t-tests. Findings According to survey data gathered from police officers in Colorado (USA) and Queensland (Australia), male and female officer attitudes within each country are more similar than different. When comparing the overall sample of American officer attitudes to Australian officer attitudes, they significantly differ about half the time. Research limitations/implications The Australian survey had a considerably low response rate, and therefore it cannot be stated with certainty whether the responses given are truly representative of the views of Australian officers as a whole, although the demographic characteristics of the sample were comparable with the overall police population demographics. Another limitation is that not all demographic and background variables were collected by both surveys. For example, the US survey asked about officers’ ethnicity, while the Australian survey did not, and the Australian survey asked about how many DV jobs officers attended per month, while the US survey did not. Practical implications Improving knowledge about police attitudes towards DV can help to inform future policy or practice implementation, as well as training programmes and better overall responses to the pervasive and ongoing problem of DV internationally. Originality/value This is a unique and original piece of research as it is a partial cross-national replication of an existing survey. This work does have the potential for great impact in understanding and developing innovative law enforcement responses to DV. In developing such responses officer attitudes need to be considered and integrated into the response, as their opinions will guide the support of future interventions.

Multidimensional scaling analysis of psychopathy in male juveniles using the PCL: YV

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Ellingwood ◽  
Karla Emeno ◽  
Craig Bennell ◽  
Adelle Forth ◽  
David Kosson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Juvenile Psychopathy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scaling Analyses

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the structure of juvenile psychopathy, as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL: YV). Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 2,042 male youths from the USA, Canada, and the UK, the study was a conceptual replication of Bishopp and Hare’s (2008) multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis of adult male offenders assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Findings The scaling analyses generally replicated those obtained by Bishopp and Hare, providing support for a multidimensional, four-factor model of juvenile psychopathy similar to that obtained with adults. However, a small number of items fell outside their predicted regions. Slight differences in the structure of juvenile psychopathy were found for incarcerated and supervised samples of youth, with the four-factor model breaking down slightly for the supervised sample. Item misplacements may indicate that certain items on the PCL: YV are being misinterpreted, reflect different dimensions for different samples, or cannot be reliably measured. Future research should examine these possibilities, with special attention being paid to supervised samples. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first known attempts to use MDS analysis to examine the psychopathy structures that emerge for male juvenile offenders. The greater nuances afforded by using MDS offer a more comprehensive understanding of psychopathy between incarcerated and supervised youth using the PCL: YV.

Assessing cross-national differences in police officers' domestic violence attitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-482
Author(s):  
Shannon Harper ◽  
Angela Gover ◽  
Samara McPhedran ◽  
Paul Mazerolle
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Officer Attitudes ◽  
Female Officers ◽  
Cross National

PurposeComparative research provides a mechanism to understand how justice systems throughout the world operate. McPhedran et al. (2017) conducted a comparative examination of police officer attitudes about domestic violence (DV) in the USA and Australia and reported fairly high levels of agreement among male and female officers within each country. The current study builds on these findings by examining officer attitudes toward DV among male and female officers cross-nationally. This was accomplished by examining whether American and Australian male and female officers agree with one another on a number of DV issues.Design/methodology/approachTwo-way ANOVA was used to examine the effect of two factors (gender and country) on law enforcement officer attitudes about DV.FindingsThe results suggest that male and female officers from the USA and Australia significantly differ on 14 of 24 attitudes about DV with the greatest number of attitudinal differences found between American and Australian male officers.Research limitations/implicationsScholars who conduct future research examining police officer attitudes about DV should use the instrument from this study as a springboard to develop an updated survey in terms of content and one that would be applicable to cross-national analyses. Methodological study limitations are described in depth in McPhedran et al. (2017).Originality/valueWhile gender differences in attitudes have received scholarly attention, questions remain regarding the degree to which attitudes align among male and female officers across different countries. The current study seeks to fill these gaps in knowledge by examining attitudes about DV between American and Australian law enforcement officers.

From Criminological Heterogeneity to Coherent Classes

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryanna Fox ◽  
Matt DeLisi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

Although juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) are a pressing topic among researchers and juvenile justice practitioners, empirically driven typologies of JSOs using U.S. data are lacking. Here, we develop the first statistical typology of male and female JSOs using data from the United States selected from a sample of 4,143 JSOs referred to the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. Significant predictors of juvenile sex offending (age of criminal onset, criminal history, impulsivity, empathy, depression, psychosis, and childhood sexual abuse) derived from the literature were used as grouping covariates to develop a profile of male and female JSOs using a latent class analysis (LCA). Results of the LCA show four unique subtypes of male JSOs and two subtypes of female JSOs exist within the data. These groups had differential compositions for key features such as criminal history and onset, psychopathologies, empathy and impulsivity, and sexual abuse victimization. These differences may be critical toward developing more tailored and effective correctional and treatment responses that balance containment and therapeutic approaches depending on the individual needs of the JSOs based upon their profile. Other practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

A community EQUIP treatment group

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaw Tearle ◽  
Rachel R. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Support Worker ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Series Design ◽  
History Of

PurposeThere is a pressing need to develop community forensic support for adults with intellectual disabilities and a high risk to others. Equipping youth to help one another (EQUIP) was developed for juvenile offenders in the USA and is used across Europe and North America. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate an adapted community model of EQUIP for men with intellectual disabilities and a history of sexual offending.Design/methodology/approachA case series design was used. The adapted EQUIP group ran for one session per week over ten months, with each participant accompanied by a support worker. Six men living in the community with intellectual disabilities and a history of sexual offending completed the programme.FindingsAnalysis of the results suggests that this adapted version of EQUIP produced similar results to the programme delivered in an inpatient setting. Participants’ reasoning and problem-solving abilities were improved post-intervention. Satisfaction levels from participant and their support workers were high. There was no evidence of recidivism during the ten months the group ran.Research limitations/implicationsThe case series design utilised only allows the conclusion that the changes above occurred at the same time as the group. Further research is needed to ascertain whether it is likely that the intervention resulted in the changes.Practical implicationsThere is a pressing need to develop the evidence base for interventions offered in the community to people with intellectual disabilities and a history of offending. This study provides some evidence that EQUIP can be adapted to suit this population.Social implicationsThe availability of community interventions may, over time, decrease the need for detention in inpatient settings. This is in line with the transforming care agenda.Originality/valueThis is the first published research into use of EQUIP in the community with adult participants with intellectual disabilities.

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