Developing a scale for brand competitive positioning: a study in the home appliance industry

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Effat Sadat Mahboobi Renani ◽  
Seyed Fathollah Amiri Aghdaie ◽  
Majid Mohammad Shafiee ◽  
Azarnoush Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Perceived Price ◽  
Home Appliance ◽  
The Mind

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting brand competitive positioning (BCP) and its components in the home appliance industry and also to develop a scale for it, considering both the seller’s and the buyer’s side. Design/methodology/approach The factors were investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data was collected from findings of previous research as well as interviews with experts in the industry. After conducting thematic analysis, the extracted factors were confirmed by experts. A total of 400 samples was used to test the BCP scale. Respondents were the customers of some selected home appliance brands. Findings The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that seven main factors influenced BCP, including product quality, service quality, perceived price, sales and distribution, marketing communication, market orientation and reputation and background. Also, the five components of BCP are distinctiveness, desirability, credibility, value for money and top of the mind awareness. Originality/value Modelling a new scale on BCP is of considerable importance. Using mixed method, the current study presents a new scale named Brand Competitive Positioning Scale.

How congruent are managers’ perceptions of cultural distance with objective reality?

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goudarz Azar
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Perceived Cultural Distance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which managers’ perceptions of cultural distance – one of the most important explanatory factors in the field of international business – are congruent with objective reality. Design/methodology/approach – By subjecting a sample of 242 export ventures to correlation and confirmatory factor analyses, managers’ perceptions of the cultural distance (i.e. perceived cultural distance) between 29 international markets and Sweden (the home market) were compared, with “objective” cultural distance gauged using Hofstede's (1980) scores for dimensions of national culture. Findings – A statistically significant correlation was found between managers’ perceptions of cultural distance and “objective” cultural distance. Originality/value – Despite the importance of perceptual data in many theoretical and practical domains, few studies analyze the validity of such data. The present findings validate the congruence of perceptual data regarding cultural distance with “objective” cultural distance.

Consumers’ psychological outcomes linked to the use of an online store’s recommendation system

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Martínez-López ◽  
Irene Esteban-Millat ◽  
Ana Argila ◽  
Francisco Rejón-Guardia
Keyword(s):  
Recommendation System ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Willingness To Purchase

Purpose – Psychological perspective has been omitted or considered a secondary issue by past studies focused on e-commerce recommendation systems (RS). However, this perspective is key to gaining a better understanding of consumer behaviours when these systems are used to support purchasing processes at online stores. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The field study consisted of a simulated online shopping process undertaken by a sample of internet users with a recommender system at a real online store (Pixmania). The authors applied rigorous and detailed exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to assess the empirical validity of the model. Findings – The proposed sequence of psychological outcomes is valid, with the exception of one hypothesized relationship. In particular, satisfaction with an online store’s recommender has a strong influence on a consumer’s willingness to purchase one of the items related to his/her shopping goal. However, this satisfaction has no direct effect on a consumer’s intention to make add-on purchases based on the recommender’s suggestions. On the contrary, the results support the idea that add-on purchases are conditioned by a previous purchase related to the consumer’s initial shopping goal. On the other hand, a consumer’s flow state while shopping improves all his/her psychological outcomes linked to an online store’s recommender. The influence of flow state is particularly interesting when seeking to gain a better understanding of consumers’ unplanned purchases based on the recommender’s suggestions. These findings have important implications for practitioners. Originality/value – This paper discusses in detail and empirically test a set of psychological outcomes that emerge when an e-vendor’s recommender is used to assist a consumer’s shopping process. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first attempt that empirically tests most of the hypothesized relationships within an online store’s RS context.

Social religiosity: concept and measurement across divergent cultures

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Mathur ◽  
Benny Barak ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Keun S. Lee ◽  
Boonghee Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Different Cultures

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a scale to measure social religiosity (SR) and assess its measurement invariance across different cultures. Design/methodology/approach – The research relied on samples from China (n=486), India (n=377), Japan (n=362), Korea (n=386), and the USA (n=580). The invariance process involved carrying out a series of confirmatory factor analyses with progressively more restrictive constraints. Findings – Results show the SR scale to be reliable and valid across culturally and religiously diverse countries. Implications of the findings are also discussed. Originality/value – Based on Katz (1988) this is a new scale to measure SR and its measurement invariance is assessed across culturally divergent countries.

scholarly journals Development of a Porous Theory of Mind scale and the relation with paranormal beliefs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel van Elk ◽  
Bastiaan T Rutjens ◽  
David Laurens Roald Maij
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Anthropology Of Religion ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Supernatural Beliefs ◽  
The Mind

We report the results of an empirical investigation of the extent to which supernatural believers endorse a porous conception of the mind, i.e., the belief that one’s thoughts can be directly perceived by others. We developed a porous theory of mind (PToM) scale, tested its factor structure by using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and showed the relation of PToM with supernatural beliefs in three studies in the Netherlands and one study with North-American participants. We found that endorsement of a PToM is positively related to paranormal beliefs. We also showed that the endorsement of a porous view of the mind differs between people from different religious backgrounds (i.e., Protestants vs. Catholics; spiritualists vs. religious believers). The finding that supernatural believers endorse a porous conception of the mind fits well with recent work in the field of the anthropology of religion and the psychology of paranormal beliefs. We propose that our PToM scale provides a parsimonious measurement tool (i.e., consisting only of 4 items) that circumvents socially desirable responding, while providing direct insight in the endorsement of paranormal beliefs.

Brand-building efforts in high and low performing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1229-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Odoom
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Product Success ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine brand-building efforts within small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in an attempt to understand the extent to which such efforts are undertaken in high- and low-performing enterprises. Design/methodology/approach The study uses data from 430 SMEs in an emerging market. After evaluating scale measures with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, multiple stage analyses involving cluster analysis, ANOVA and hierarchical regression with sub-group analysis were used to examine the theoretical relationships among the constructs. Findings Findings from the study identify four composite brand-building efforts that influence SMEs’ performance. These are implemented in varying extents, culminating into proportional levels of performance within high- and low-performing SMEs. Significant differences with regard to profit margin, market share, sales volume, customer base and new product success are also exhibited in the two enterprise segments. Originality/value The results provide evidence to issues of research and managerial interest, offering insightful implications to the academic and practitioner communities. The paper offers a preliminary attempt to progress literature by synthesizing various brand-building efforts under four broader theorizations in SMEs setting.

Brand orientation and brand performance in SMEs

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Odoom ◽  
Priscilla Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Brand Performance ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Brand Orientation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to investigate the moderating effects of innovation capabilities and social media capabilities on the relationship between brand orientation and brand performance among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Drawing on the size differential feature from the organizational ecology theory, the paper further tests variations in these conditions across disaggregated SME levels. Design/methodology/approach The empirical part of the study was carried out with a sample of 484 enterprises in an emerging market context via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, along with a moderated hierarchical regression. Findings Results from the moderated hierarchical regression analysis indicate that although the two capabilities generally offered positive moderating effects across all enterprises, these are conditional and not invariant when disaggregated based on enterprise sizes (small vs medium). Originality/value The study suggests the need for enterprise owners/managers to identify optimal combinations of enterprise capabilities, based on their sizes, for which their complementarities with brand orientation efforts are more potent.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Porous Theory of Mind Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-65
Author(s):  
Michiel van Elk ◽  
David Maij ◽  
Bastiaan Rutjens
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Anthropology Of Religion ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract We report the results of an empirical investigation of the extent to which supernatural believers endorse a porous conception of the mind, i.e., the belief that one’s thoughts can be directly perceived by others. We developed a porous theory of mind (PToM) scale, tested its factor structure by using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and showed its relation with supernatural beliefs in three studies in the Netherlands and one study with North-American participants. We found that endorsement of a PToM is positively related to paranormal beliefs. We also showed that the endorsement of a porous view of the mind differs in meaningful ways between people from different religious backgrounds (i.e., Protestants vs. Catholics; spiritualists vs. religious believers). The finding that supernatural believers endorse a porous conception of the mind fits well with recent work in the field of the anthropology of religion and the psychology of paranormal beliefs. We propose that our PToM scale provides a parsimonious measurement tool (i.e., consisting only of 4 items) that circumvents socially desirable responding, while providing direct insight in the endorsement of paranormal beliefs.

Citizenship performance: a study using Coleman and Borman’s model and validation of the scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Anita Mohan ◽  
Sharon Sophia
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Citizenship Performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to give prominence and further understand the Coleman and Borman (2000) citizenship performance model. This study also aims to determine and validate the scale formed from the behaviour statements defined by Coleman and Borman in the Indian context by using standard validating measures. Design/methodology/approach The citizenship performance construct was measured and validated with a sample of 150 employees working in the IT/ITES sector in Chennai, India. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on the 27 behavioural statements proposed by Coleman and Borman (2000), which were converted into a five-point Likert scale. Findings This paper proposes that citizenship performance can be reliably measured by the 17 items which are based on the 27 citizenship performance behaviour (CPB) statements provided by Coleman and Borman. In addition, it also confirms that citizenship performance is a second-order multi-dimensional construct. Research limitations/implications An acceptable but constrained sample was used in this study. The sample frame was limited to the IT/ITES sector in Chennai, a city in Tamil Nadu, India, to minimise cultural influences on the study. Originality/value This paper bridges and backs the conceptualisation of the Coleman and Borman (2000) model and the validation of a questionnaire based on their proposed set of CPB statements in the Indian context. This helps to measure the model with its intended questionnaire rather than borrowing items from other scales measuring other dimensions of the OCB domain.

Business success factors of Muslim women entrepreneurs in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rafiki ◽  
Fahmi Natigor Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Government

Purpose This paper aims to identify important factors affecting the success of Muslim women entrepreneurs (WOE) in the Medan city, North Sumatera province in Indonesia. There are 19 factors that are derived from trait-based, social psychological-based and behavioral-based approaches. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive, exploratory factor and confirmatory factor analyses are used in this study. There are 110 respondents of members of Indonesian Woman Entrepreneur Association and Indonesian Muslim Women Entrepreneur Association in North Sumatera, Indonesia. Findings The profile of Muslim WOE is elaborated, and 19 important factors are rated, while the top three factors of each approach are analyzed and discussed. This paper prioritizes the important factors and develops a framework that acts as a reference for success factors of Muslim WOE. Research limitations/implications For the government, the rules and regulations must be created to support and facilitate the Muslim WOE and to conduct programs to enhance the development of their business. While for the researchers, they could see an increasing interest of Muslim WOE in business. With a combination of frameworks, the list of important success factors can be compared with the research studies by male counterparts and can be used for further studies. Originality/value The success in business is achievable regardless of gender difference. The Muslim WOE make everyone recognize the challenges that they were exposed to and the struggles that they have overcome in managing a business as what men may have already been through.

Islamic apparel brand personality model

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana M. Zaki ◽  
Amr Kheir El Din ◽  
Reham I. Elseidi
Keyword(s):  
Brand Personality ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Advertising Strategies ◽  
Personality Models ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The Islamic modest fashion industry is growing rapidly and becoming more competitive within an increasing number of brands available in the market. Based on this reason, both marketers and designers need to create differentiation in their brands. One of the ways to create such differentiation is by establishing a brand personality. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a reliable measure of Islamic apparel personality that incorporates the relevant dimensions/traits Muslim females attribute to their apparel. Design/methodology/approach Islamic apparel brand personality model was developed based on the Qur’an verses, hadith (sayings of Prophet Muhammad), traits in Aaker’s and other Islamic brand personality models. Focus groups were used to generate a list of traits. Following this, a survey research method was used to gather data. Then, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on a sample of 190 Egyptian Muslim females. Findings This study introduces five dimensions of the Islamic apparel brand personality model, namely, simplicity, feminine, modesty, Islamic and righteousness. Practical implications This study contributes to the branding as well as Islamic apparel marketing literature as it is the first Islamic apparel brand personality framework. With the Islamic apparel brand personality model, Islamic apparel designers, producers and marketers can create a strong brand image, use advertising strategies effectively and ultimately attract more potential consumers. Originality/value The Islamic apparel brand personality model being the first of its kind is significant for the Islamic apparel industry. It reflects dimensions that are supported by the Quran and hadith and therefore suits the Muslim customer market.

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