US Democrats’ gains could see wide labour reform

Subject The outlook for US labour and unions amid Democratic Party gains. Significance Labour unions have traditionally given powerful backing to Democratic and progressive causes. With the Democrats holding additional state and federal-level seats from January 2019, an active question is what this means for organised labour. This year has seen a resurgence of labour activism, but at the same time the legal and regulatory environment has become less favourable to organised labour, for instance with court rulings limiting labour union participation. Impacts A Democratic administration or Congress could repeal federal right-to-work laws post-2020. Democrats could push to classify contract workers as employees for the purposes of collective bargaining or benefits. Strikes such as the November 2018 mass walkout at Google over sexual harassment policy will increase in frequency. Media firms will see further unionisation, which the media will then cover, increasing labour leaders’ perceived clout. Greater education-related spending by some states will see spending cuts or tax rises elsewhere later.

Subject Employment and trade union law. Significance The Supreme Court will shortly rule on two cases which, if decided in the respective plaintiffs’ favour, will greatly weaken labour unions’ influence and employee contract rights. Impacts If the unions lose the Janus case, the loss of funds could reduce their ability to campaign and influence elections. Weaker unions would have a disproportionate effect between the various US gender and ethnic groupings; minorities could suffer. The Democratic Party is traditionally closer to unions and would feel the effects of weaker unions more than Republicans.


Subject Proposed new legislation on digital copyright. Significance The European Parliament (EP) last month agreed revisions to proposed legislation on digital copyright. While the envisaged changes promise to protect rights owners in the media and entertainment sectors, they are seen as limiting freedom of expression and privacy. Impacts Royalty revenue for content producers is unlikely to rise sharply. Large publishers and media firms may see an uptick in their revenue. The legislation may fail adequately to control compliance costs for smaller internet firms.


Subject Online streaming. Significance US media firms CBS and Viacom announced their merger yesterday, having split in 2006; this will create a 30-billion-dollar entity and economies of scale that will help the firm compete in online streaming. The UK telecoms regulator Ofcom’s annual media review on August 7 shows that 40% of viewers now watch TV and film largely through online video. Indeed, streaming on online platforms such as Twitch is becoming more popular than conventional media forms, and UK subscriptions to streaming services overtook subscriptions to traditional TV services for the first time last year. Impacts Competition will intensify -- AT&T, Comcast, Disney and Apple are starting streaming services to compete with Amazon, CBS, Hulu and Netflix. Online streaming has vast potential beyond the media, for example in training in sectors such as medicine, and in workplaces more broadly. Insufficient regulation of appropriate online content and advertising risks creating obstacles that may curb the rise of streaming. Methods will improve to monitor and punish illegal streaming, but cybersecurity will still struggle to keep pace. The EU General Data Protection Regulation is causing reports of data breaches to rise, risking reduced user faith in online platforms.


Subject Macedonia's fractious politics. Significance The leader of the opposition Social Democratic Party of Macedonia (SDSM), Zoran Zaev, has alleged that the leader of the ruling Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (VMRO-DPMNE), Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski, has used the domestic intelligence service to spy on Macedonia's political and economic elites for nearly a decade. For his part, Gruevski has alleged that Zaev has been trying to blackmail him to bring SDSM into government by threatening to release to the media thousands of taped recordings and transcripts of private telephone conversations. There is a risk of wider political instability, as revelations also emerge about the conduct of government officials. Impacts New revelations could have a serious impact on the popular perception of government, fuelling opposition. Zaev's opportunistic handling of the issue will damage SDSM and provoke a broader backlash against the political class. Growing evidence of authoritarian behaviour will damage relations with Western partners.


Subject The relationship between the president and the media. Significance In his July 24 State of the Nation Address, President Rodrigo Duterte again criticised the media for ‘unfair’ coverage. This time, he asserted that the Rappler media outlet was US-owned, an accusation that Rappler denies. Separately, the Inquirer media group said on July 17 that it is in talks to sell a majority stake to San Miguel’s Ramon Ang, a Duterte ally. Duterte has often also accused the Philippine Daily Inquirer newspaper and ABS-CBN television of unfair reporting. He has also threatened not to renew ABS-CBN’s 25-year operating license when this comes due in 2020. Impacts Traditional Philippine media face increasing competition from online and social-media-based news. Social media will become progressively more important in Philippine political campaigns. Journalists’ security in the Philippines is unlikely to improve much during Duterte’s administration. Government non-renewal-of-license threats could spread, likely undermining media firms’ share prices.


Significance The GND calls for massive changes to the US economy, environment and social policy to make the country fully ‘green compliant’. The March 26 rejection of a GND resolution before the US Senate does not mean the idea is dead: many contenders for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential nomination support the GND or GND-style ideas. While on the Republican side there is more scepticism, this only means that the GND will provide a lively debate down to 2020, and beyond. Impacts Republicans will espouse market-based climate change solutions, and promote more environmental deregulation and fossil fuels. Any pushes to make US industry greener, such as via automation, could alienate labour unions from Democrats. GND-style reforms would need continual follow-up investments, something harder for poorer states and municipalities. While this implies private-sector opportunities, equally, GND-style laws will likely face lawsuits and lawmaker-inserted caveats.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-296
Author(s):  
Paul Clemens Murschetz ◽  
Afshin Omidi ◽  
John J. Oliver ◽  
Mahyar Kamali Saraji ◽  
Sameera Javed

PurposeDynamic capabilities (DCs) help media firms adapt to rapidly changing environments. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive literature review of studies of DCs in strategic management research with a view to understanding its implications for the management of media organizations. Essentially, it fertilizes on the idea that the concept of DC is useful and vital for answering various critical questions regarding the challenges that media organizations are currently facing.Design/methodology/approachThis study builds on a systematic literature reviewing design as the research methodology. It aims to identify, critically evaluate, and integrate factors, dimensions, and findings on studies of DCs in strategic management research and builds knowledge transfers to the field of strategic management research in the media industry.FindingsThe study shows that the DC framework helps media firms effectively respond to changing environments. The conceptual DC framework has implications for media strategy practice. Results indicate a considerable growth in the number of papers published related to the DCs in media organizations from 2003 to 2018.Originality/valueThe study qualifies the relevance and validity of the DC framework in strategic management research for the field of strategic media management. It explores a research agenda in this domain by precisely explaining the significant trends in the theory of DC to shape managerial strategies in the media industry.


Author(s):  
Jeeyun Oh ◽  
Mun-Young Chung ◽  
Sangyong Han

Despite of the popularity of interactive movie trailers, rigorous research on one of the most apparent features of these interfaces – the level of user control – has been scarce. This study explored the effects of user control on users’ immersion and enjoyment of the movie trailers, moderated by the content type. We conducted a 2 (high user control versus low user control) × 2 (drama film trailer versus documentary film trailer) mixed-design factorial experiment. The results showed that the level of user control over movie trailer interfaces decreased users’ immersion when the trailer had an element of traditional story structure, such as a drama film trailer. Participants in the high user control condition answered that they were less fascinated with, absorbed in, focused on, mentally involved with, and emotionally affected by the movie trailer than participants in the low user control condition only with the drama movie trailer. The negative effects of user control on the level of immersion for the drama trailer translated into users’ enjoyment. The impact of user control over interfaces on immersion and enjoyment varies depending on the nature of the media content, which suggests a possible trade-off between the level of user control and entertainment outcomes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (8/9) ◽  
pp. 717-736
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kowalska-Chrzanowska ◽  
Przemysław Krysiński

Purpose This paper aims to answer the question of how the Polish representatives of social communication and media sciences communicate the most recent scientific findings in the media space, i.e. what types of publications are shared, what activities do they exemplify (sharing information about their own publications, leading discussions, formulating opinions), what is the form of the scientific communication created by them (publication of reference lists' descriptions, full papers, preprints and post prints) and what is the audience reception (number of downloads, displays, comments). Design/methodology/approach The authors present the results of analysis conducted on the presence of the most recent (2017–2019) publications by the Polish representatives of the widely understood social communication and media sciences in three selected social networking services for scientists: ResearchGate, Google Scholar and Academia.edu. The analyses covered 100 selected representatives of the scientific environment (selected in interval sampling), assigned, according to the OECD classification “Field of Science”, in the “Ludzie nauki” (Men of Science) database to the “media and communication” discipline. Findings The conducted analyses prove a low usage level of the potential of three analysed services for scientists by the Polish representatives of social communication and media sciences. Although 60% of them feature profiles in at least one of the services, the rest are not present there at all. From the total of 113 identified scientists' profiles, as little as 65 feature publications from 2017 to 2019. Small number of alternative metrics established in them, implies, in turn, that if these metrics were to play an important role in evaluation of the value and influence of scientific publications, then this evaluation for the researched Polish representatives of social communication and media sciences would be unfavourable. Originality/value The small presence of the Polish representatives of the communication and media sciences in three analysed services shows that these services may be – for the time being – only support the processes of managing own scientific output. Maybe this quite a pessimistic image of scientists' activities in the analysed services is conditioned by a simple lack of the need to be present in electronic channels of scientific communication or the lack of trust to the analysed services, which, in turn, should be linked to their shortcomings and flaws. However, unequivocal confirmation of these hypotheses might be brought by explorations covering a larger group of scientists, and complemented with survey studies. Thus, this research may constitute merely a starting point for further explorations, including elaboration of good practices with respect to usage of social media by scientists.


2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-233
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Bayer ◽  
John Page

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the evolution of the marketing of paintings and related visual products from its nascent stages in England around 1700 to the development of the modern art market by 1900, with a brief discussion connecting to the present. Design/methodology/approach – Sources consist of a mixture of primary and secondary sources as well as a series of econometric and statistical analyses of specifically constructed and unique data sets that list nearly more than 50,000 different sales of paintings during this period. One set records sales of paintings at various English auction houses during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; the second set consists of all purchases and sales of paintings recorded in the stock books of the late nineteenth-century London art dealer, Arthur Tooth, during the years of 1870/1871. The authors interpret the data under a commoditization model first introduced by Igor Kopytoff in 1986 that posits that markets and their participants evolve toward maximizing the efficiency of their exchange process within the prevailing exchange technology. Findings – We found that artists were largely responsible for a series of innovations in the art market that replaced the prevailing direct relationship between artists and patron with a modern market for which painters produced works on speculation to be sold by enterprising middlemen to an anonymous public. In this process, artists displayed a remarkable creativity and a seemingly instinctive understanding of the principles of competitive marketing that should dispel the erroneous but persistent notion that artistic genius and business savvy are incompatible. Research limitations/implications – A similar marketing analysis could be done of the development of the art markets of other leading countries, such as France, Italy and Holland, as well as the current developments of the art market. Practical implications – The same process of the development of the art market in England is now occurring in Latin America and China. Also, the commoditization process continues in the present, now using the Internet and worldwide art dealers. Originality/value – This is the first article to trace the historical development of the marketing of art in all of its components: artists, dealers, artist organizations, museums, curators, art critics, the media and art historians.


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