COVID-19 stretches weak Latin American health systems

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Deep Recession

Subject Preparedness for COVID-19. Significance In two months since the first confirmed case in Latin America, COVID-19 has spread throughout the region and cases are rising rapidly. With a few exceptions, governments have responded with severe measures to contain the spread, including lockdowns and border closures. However, containing the impact of the disease will also depend critically on bolstering the region’s underprepared healthcare systems. Impacts Governments such as Brazil and Mexico could face a backlash if mortality rates dramatically exceed those of other countries. The economic impact of containment measures will be severe, and the region faces a deep recession. China’s geopolitical position in Latin America will benefit from the extensive assistance that it is providing.

Market liberalizations and efficiency in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheung Chi Chow ◽  
Yongchang Hui ◽  
João Paulo Vieito ◽  
ZhenZhen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Market Liberalization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stock Market Liberalization ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of stock market liberalization on efficiency of the stock markets in Latin America. Design/methodology/approach Daily stock indices from Latin American countries, including Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, are used in the analysis. To examine the impact of stock market liberalization on efficiency, the authors use several approaches, including the runs test, Chow–Denning multiple variation ratio test, Wright variance ratio test, the martingale hypothesis test and the stochastic dominance (SD) test, on the above Latin American stock market indices. Findings The authors find that stock market liberalization does not improve stock market efficiency in Latin America. Originality/value This investigation is among the first to examine the impact of stock market liberalization on the efficiency of the stock markets. It is among the first to examine the impact of stock market liberalization on the efficiency of the Latin American stock markets. It is also among the first to apply the martingale hypothesis test and a SD approach on issue about efficient market.

IFRS adoption and accounting conservatism in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 301-320
Author(s):  
Harold Lopez ◽  
Mauricio Jara ◽  
Adriana Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Conservatism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Mandatory Adoption ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of IFRS mandatory adoption on accounting conservatism and to shed light on the drivers of such impact. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of listed firms for five Latin American countries, the authors analyze the relation between mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and the conditional accounting conservatism of earnings. Findings The authors find evidence that IFRS adoption boosts earnings conservatism. This result is robust and heterogeneous. The results also show that the effect of IFRS differs across firms and countries. Specifically, the impact of IFRS adoption is higher for low-earnings-quality firms and for firms with high levels of investment opportunities. Practical implications The results suggest that IFRS adoption in Latin America has enhanced comparability of financial information both across and within countries. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by providing new evidence on the drivers of the impacts of IFRS adoption in emerging markets.

Fighting Latin American marginality in “international” business

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Alcadipani ◽  
Alex Faria
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Business ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Knowledge ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business And Management

Purpose – Latin America has been neglected in management and international business (IB) knowledge for a long time. Such a picture reflects the enduring power of the dark side of the geopolitics of knowledge that “international” sub-fields in management knowledge have to tackle as a key condition of possibility for the co-creation of a truly “international” field of “international business”. In this position paper, the authors aim to analyze the extent to which CPoIB has been a key instrument to tackle Anglo-Saxon hegemony in IB knowledge over the last ten years. Design/methodology/approach – The authors follow a decolonizing perspective to analyse the impact of CPoIB for Latin America international business knowledge production. Findings – The paper argues that CPoIB has given voice to authors who are from Latin America and, most important, work in the region. By doing that, CPoIB has triggered the mobilization of mechanisms of recognition and redistribution that are necessary to offset the neo-imperial side of “international business” and management knowledge. The journal has also helped to foster the co-creation of “pluriversal international business”. Originality/value – The paper uses a decolonial perspective from Latin America in order to open new questions and challenges to the field of IB.

Venezuelan migrants are long-term Latin American issue

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Subject The impact of Venezuelan migrant outflows in Latin America. Significance UN projections that Venezuelan migrant numbers could reach 5.4 million by end-2019, rising to 8 million in 2020, are adding to political tensions in host countries across Latin America. Anti-Venezuelan sentiment has led to xenophobic incidents and is becoming a salient tool for political mobilisation in Peru, Ecuador and in Colombia’s local elections scheduled for October 27. Impacts The Venezuelan migrant crisis in the region will be a long-term problem requiring long-term solutions. Muted economic and employment prospects in much of the region will increase animosity towards Venezuelan migrants and the risk of violence. New restrictions and attempted blockades risk bolstering organised crime involved in people-trafficking, increasing migrants’ vulnerability.

Using Latin America as a research laboratory

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Borda Reyes ◽  
William Newburry ◽  
Jorge Carneiro ◽  
Carlos Cordova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to use Latin America as a laboratory to better understand the relationship between inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) (both in total as well as in regional flows) and also examine the moderating effect of trade openness on that relationship. Latin America is an ideal study context for this purpose because of the relative homogeneity of its countries, which reduces confounding effects and increases comparability. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses longitudinal panel regression models with moderation effects. Secondary data were gathered on IFDI (per country and per country-sector), OFDI (total per country and region-targeted per country) and on trade openness from 11 Latin American countries. Findings IFDI in natural resources is positively associated with OFDI in both overall total flows and regional flows. The effect of IFDI in manufacturing has a consistent negative effect on total OFDI. IFDI in services has positive effects on total OFDI. Additionally, trade openness moderates positively the relationship between total IFDI and both total OFDI and regional OFDI. As a consequence, the authors found evidence suggesting that the relation between IFDI and OFDI in Latin America is positively moderated by trade openness. Originality/value The authors explored the nature of the impact of IFDI on the capacity of the recipient country to compete abroad as expressed by its OFDI flows. Specifically, they elucidated whether trade openness can be considered a suitable mechanism for home country firms to leverage potential spillovers provided by foreign entrants.

scholarly journals Covid-19 in Latin America countries: Course of the pandemic and the different responses towards control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Moreira Pescarini ◽  
Ismael H Silveira ◽  
Jaime A Souza-Filho ◽  
Rosana Aquino ◽  
Mauricio L Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
First Case ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Social

Abstract Background: The emergence of COVID-19 in Latin America occurred within a troubled political, economic and social context, with growing trends of poverty and social inequality challenging already overburdened and underfinanced local healthcare systems. In the absence of a vaccine or of any treatment for COVID-19, public health measures such as social distancing had to be adopted. The objective of this paper is to describe the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin American countries and to summarize the social distancing measures implemented in each one of these countries, discussing the changes that took place in the social mobility of the populations and their potential effects on the course of the epidemic up to June 2020. Results: Brazil has the highest cumulative number of cases and deaths; however, cumulative incidence rates are higher in Peru and Chile, while the highest cumulative mortality rates are in Ecuador, Peru and Brazil. Some countries implemented social distancing measures before the first case was registered, culminating in lockdown in eight countries before detection of the 100th case. The measures that appear to have had the greatest impact in reducing mobility include, in addition to lockdown, the closure of schools and prohibition of events. In general, the countries that implemented social distancing measures earlier and where the reduction in social mobility was greatest also recorded lower incidence and mortality rates. Brazil and Mexico failed to adopt lockdown and the number of cases of the disease continues to grow. Conclusions: As occurred in other continents, control of the COVID-19 pandemic was better in countries that were faster in adopting more restrictive measures. Nevertheless, this equation does not appear to guarantee a positive outcome in all settings, possibly due to the considerable social inequalities and chronic deficiencies of the healthcare systems, with the scenario being even more complex in view of the recurring political crises and the negationist view of some national leaders. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread in Latin America and exposes these contradictions. Further studies are required to gain a greater understanding and generate lessons on how to manage such a complex crisis.

Life expectancy and trade openness: causality in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1281
Author(s):  
Mert Akyuz ◽  
Cagin Karul ◽  
Ibrahim Demir
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latin American Countries

PurposeThe aim of this research is to investigate the causal relationship between trade openness (TO) and life expectancy (LE) at birth in Latin American countries over the period of 1980–2014.Design/methodology/approachThe bootstrap panel Granger causality test proposed by Emirmahmutoglu and Kose (2011) was used to determine the direction of causality in the presence of cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity among Latin American countries. Also, four different tests were employed in order to determine the cross-sectional dependency and slope homogeneity. The stationarity properties of variables were inspected by employing a unit root test.FindingsThe findings indicated that Granger causality existed between TO and LE, at birth which was running from the former to the latter for panel. On a country basis, TO Granger caused LE at birth for countries with low level of economic development and higher taxes on income and profits.Practical implicationsThis study provides new insights for policymaking regarding the role of TO in achieving comprehensive economic reforms to increase LE at birth during a period of intense trade rivalry across nations.Originality/valueAlthough research in the literature has mainly focused on the impact of TO on LE at birth with panel data, most studies ignored the regional effects. It is the authors’ concern that the direction of causality can be country-specific and have regional characteristics. In this regard, instead of dividing countries for a specific region into two parts such as developing and developed, the authors investigated the pattern of trade–health link for a specific region, Latin America.

Costs drive US retirement migration to Latin America

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Retirement Communities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Retirement Migration ◽  
Latin American Countries

Subject The growth of Latin America as a destination for foreign retirees. Significance Several Latin American countries offer incentives to encourage foreigners -- particularly from the United States -- to retire there. While this is still a relatively small-scale phenomenon, it has been growing over recent years and has a significant economic impact in areas where retirees are concentrated. Impacts Latin American countries offer increasingly generous incentives to encourage retirees to settle there. Any increase in political instability in destination countries would stem the flow of retirees quickly and dramatically. Cultural and language barriers will be a major deterrent despite the growth of retirement communities.

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